Margaret C. Wirth

Environmental factors influencing survival of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in a multipurpose constructed treatment wetland in southern California (2007)

William E. Walton, Margaret C. Wirth, Parker D. Workman

Survival of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, differed among marshes in a demonstration 9.9-ha multipurpose constructed treatment wetland designed to improve the quality of...

Synergy between Toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus (2004)

Margaret C. Wirth, Joshua A. Jiannino, Brian A. Federici, William E. Walton

Synergistic interactions among the multiple endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis de Barjac play an important role in its high toxicity to mosquito larvae and the absence of...

Laboratory Selection for Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan or a Component Toxin, Cry11B, in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) (2004)

Margaret C. Wirth, Armelle Delécluse, William E. Walton

The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus produce insecticidal toxins used to control mosquito larvae throughout the world. Unfortunately, there are few...

Baseline Susceptibility to Bacterial Insecticides in Populations of Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) from California and from the Mediterranean Island of Cyprus (2001)

Margaret C. Wirth, James A. Ferrari, George P. Georghiou

Bacterial insecticides play an increasingly important role in mosquito control. To establish guidelines for detecting resistance at an early stage, information on natural variation in susceptibility...

Laboratory Selection for Resistance toBacillus sphaericusinCulex quinquefasciatus(Diptera: Culicidae) from California, USA (2000)

Margaret C. Wirth, George P. Georghiou, Javed Iqbal Malik, Ghulam Hussain

A previously untreated field population ofCulex quinquefasciatusSay, collected near Bakersfield, CA, was subjected to intensive laboratory selection with the bacterial insecticideBacillus...

Cyt1A from Bacillus thuringiensis Restores Toxicity of Bacillus sphaericus Against Resistant Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) (2000)

Margaret C. Wirth, William E. Walton, Brian A. Federici

The 2362 strain of Bacillus sphaericus, which produces a binary toxin highly active against Culex mosquitoes, has been developed recently as a commercial larvicide. It is being used currently in...

Cyt1A from Bacillus thuringiensis Synergizes Activity of Bacillus sphaericus against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Wirth, Margaret C., Federici, Brian A., Walton, William E.

Bacillus sphaericus is a mosquitocidal bacterium recently developed as a commercial larvicide that is used worldwide to control pestiferous and vector mosquitoes. Whereas B. sphaericus is highly...

Cyt1A from Bacillus thuringiensis Lacks Toxicity to Susceptible and Resistant Larvae of Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) and Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella)

Meyer, Susan K., Tabashnik, Bruce E., Liu, Yong-Biao, Wirth, Margaret C., Federici, Brian A.

We tested Cyt1Aa, a cytolytic endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis, against susceptible and Cry1A-resistant larvae of two lepidopteran pests, diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and pink bollworm...

Lack of Cross-Resistance to Cry19A from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Resistant to Cry Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

Wirth, Margaret C., Delécluse, Armelle, Walton, William E.

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes with high levels of resistance to single or multiple toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were tested for cross-resistance to the Bacillus...

Cyt1Ab1 and Cyt2Ba1 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Synergize Bacillus sphaericus against Aedes aegypti and Resistant Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Wirth, Margaret C., Delécluse, Armelle, Walton, William E.

The interaction of two cytolytic toxins, Cyt1Ab from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and Cyt2Ba from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, with Bacillus sphaericus was evaluated against...

Variable Cross-Resistance to Cry11B from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Resistant to Single or Multiple Toxins of Bacillus thuringienisis subsp. israelensis

Wirth, Margaret C., Delécluse, Armelle, Federici, Brian A., Walton, William E.

A novel mosquitocidal bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan, and one of its toxins, Cry11B, in a recombinant B. thuringiensis strain were evaluated for cross-resistance with strains of...

Cyt1A of Bacillus thuringiensis Delays Evolution of Resistance to Cry11A in the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

Wirth, Margaret C., Park, Hyun-Woo, Walton, William E., Federici, Brian A.

Insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have been used for mosquito and blackfly control for more than 20 years, yet no resistance to this bacterium has been reported....

Cyt1A from Bacillus thuringiensis Synergizes Activity of Bacillus sphaericus against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Wirth, Margaret C., Federici, Brian A., Walton, William E.

Bacillus sphaericus is a mosquitocidal bacterium recently developed as a commercial larvicide that is used worldwide to control pestiferous and vector mosquitoes. Whereas B. sphaericus is highly...

Cyt1A from Bacillus thuringiensis Lacks Toxicity to Susceptible and Resistant Larvae of Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) and Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella)

Meyer, Susan K., Tabashnik, Bruce E., Liu, Yong-Biao, Wirth, Margaret C., Federici, Brian A.

We tested Cyt1Aa, a cytolytic endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis, against susceptible and Cry1A-resistant larvae of two lepidopteran pests, diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and pink bollworm...

Lack of Cross-Resistance to Cry19A from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Resistant to Cry Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis

Wirth, Margaret C., Delécluse, Armelle, Walton, William E.

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes with high levels of resistance to single or multiple toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were tested for cross-resistance to the Bacillus...

Cyt1Ab1 and Cyt2Ba1 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Synergize Bacillus sphaericus against Aedes aegypti and Resistant Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Wirth, Margaret C., Delécluse, Armelle, Walton, William E.

The interaction of two cytolytic toxins, Cyt1Ab from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and Cyt2Ba from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, with Bacillus sphaericus was evaluated against...

Variable Cross-Resistance to Cry11B from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan in Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Resistant to Single or Multiple Toxins of Bacillus thuringienisis subsp. israelensis

Wirth, Margaret C., Delécluse, Armelle, Federici, Brian A., Walton, William E.

A novel mosquitocidal bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan, and one of its toxins, Cry11B, in a recombinant B. thuringiensis strain were evaluated for cross-resistance with strains of...

Cyt1A of Bacillus thuringiensis Delays Evolution of Resistance to Cry11A in the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus

Wirth, Margaret C., Park, Hyun-Woo, Walton, William E., Federici, Brian A.

Insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have been used for mosquito and blackfly control for more than 20 years, yet no resistance to this bacterium has been reported....

Mtx Toxins Synergize Bacillus sphaericus and Cry11Aa against Susceptible and Insecticide-Resistant Culex quinquefasciatus Larvae▿

Wirth, Margaret C., Yang, Yangkun, Walton, William E., Federici, Brian A., Berry, Colin

Two mosquitocidal toxins (Mtx) of Bacillus sphaericus, which are produced during vegetative growth, were investigated for their potential to increase toxicity and reduce the expression of insecticide...