Mark C. Enright

Amoebae promote persistence of epidemic strains of MRSA. (2006)

Huws, Sharon A, Smith, Anthony W, Enright, Mark C, Wood, Pauline J, Brown, Michael R W

The control of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is of concern worldwide. Given the evidence that several pathogenic species replicate within amoebae...

Recombination within natural populations of pathogenic bacteria: Short-term empirical estimates and long-term phylogenetic consequences

Feil, Edward J., Holmes, Edward C., Bessen, Debra E., Chan, Man-Suen, Day, Nicholas P. J., Enright, Mark C., ...

The identification of clones within bacterial populations is often taken as evidence for a low rate of recombination, but the validity of this inference is rarely examined. We have used statistical...

The Three Major Spanish Clones of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Are the Most Common Clones Recovered in Recent Cases of Meningitis in Spain

Enright, Mark C., Fenoll, Asunción, Griffiths, David, Spratt, Brian G.

One hundred six isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered in Spain from patients with meningitis in 1997 and 1998 were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. A heterogeneous collection of...

Identification of the Major Spanish Clones of Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci via the Internet Using Multilocus Sequence Typing

Zhou, Jiaji, Enright, Mark C., Spratt, Brian G.

Multilocus sequence typing was used to characterize isolates of the major Spanish clones of penicillin-resistant and multiple-antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates of the...

Multilocus Sequence Typing for Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Clones of Staphylococcus aureus

Enright, Mark C., Day, Nicholas P. J., Davies, Catrin E., Peacock, Sharon J., Spratt, Brian G.

A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme has been developed for Staphylococcus aureus. The sequences of internal fragments of seven housekeeping genes were obtained for 155 S. aureus isolates from...

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Streptococcus pyogenes and the Relationships between emm Type and Clone

Enright, Mark C., Spratt, Brian G., Kalia, Awdhesh, Cross, John H., Bessen, Debra E.

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a tool that can be used to study the molecular epidemiology and population genetic structure of microorganisms. A MLST scheme was developed for Streptococcus...

Directional Gene Movement from Human-Pathogenic to Commensal-Like Streptococci

Kalia, Awdhesh, Enright, Mark C., Spratt, Brian G., Bessen, Debra E.

Group A streptococci (GAS) are highly pathogenic for humans, and their closest genetic relatives, group C and G streptococci (GCS and GGS, respectively), are generally regarded as commensals,...

Identification of Three Major Clones of Multiply Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwanese Hospitals by Multilocus Sequence Typing

Shi, Zhi-Yuan, Enright, Mark C., Wilkinson, Paul, Griffiths, David, Spratt, Brian G.

In this paper we demonstrate the advantages of a new molecular typing procedure, multilocus sequence typing, for the unambiguous characterization of penicillin-resistant pneumococci. The sequences of...

The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Enright, Mark C., Robinson, D. Ashley, Randle, Gaynor, Feil, Edward J., Grundmann, Hajo, Spratt, Brian G.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections that are becoming increasingly difficult to combat because of emerging resistance to all current...

Influence of Recombination and Niche Separation on the Population Genetic Structure of the Pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes

Kalia, Awdhesh, Spratt, Brian G., Enright, Mark C., Bessen, Debra E.

The throat and skin of the human host are the principal reservoirs for the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. The emm locus encodes structurally heterogeneous surface fibrils that play...

Stability of Serotypes during Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Meats, Emma, Brueggemann, Angela B., Enright, Mark C., Sleeman, Karen, Griffiths, David T., Crook, Derrick W., ...

Serotype changes among natural isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are well documented and occur by recombinational exchanges at the capsular biosynthetic locus. However, the frequency with which...

Determining the Genetic Structure of the Natural Population of Staphylococcus aureus: a Comparison of Multilocus Sequence Typing with Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis, and Phage Typing

Grundmann, Hajo, Hori, Satoshi, Enright, Mark C., Webster, Carol, Tami, Adriana, Feil, Edward J., ...

We used a sample of Staphylococcus aureus strains that are carried by humans and that are representative of the natural population of S. aureus strains in order to assess the value of multilocus...

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Staphylococcus aureus with DNA Array Technology

Van Leeuwen, Willem B., Jay, Corinne, Snijders, Susan, Durin, Nathalia, Lacroix, Bruno, Verbrugh, Henry A., ...

A newly developed oligonucleotide array suited for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Staphylococcus aureus strains was analyzed with two strain collections in a two-center study. MLST allele...

Related Clones Containing SCCmec Type IV Predominate among Clinically Significant Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates

Wisplinghoff, Hilmar, Rosato, Adriana E., Enright, Mark C., Noto, Michael, Craig, William, Archer, Gordon L.

SCCmec is a mobile genetic element that carries the gene (mecA) mediating methicillin resistance in staphylococci. For Staphylococcus aureus, four SCCmec types have been described, one (type IV) of...

Evolutionary Models of the Emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Robinson, D. Ashley, Enright, Mark C.

Five major lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have evolved since the introduction of methicillin for the treatment of infections caused by penicillin-resistant S. aureus...

Evolution of Staphylococcus aureus by Large Chromosomal Replacements

Robinson, D. Ashley, Enright, Mark C.

Conjugative transfer and replacement of hundreds of kilobases of a bacterial chromosome can occur in vitro, but replacements in nature are either an order of magnitude smaller or involve the movement...

Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains: Evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance

Holden, Matthew T. G., Feil, Edward J., Lindsay, Jodi A., Peacock, Sharon J., Day, Nicholas P. J., Enright, Mark C., ...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen. Its genetic plasticity has facilitated the evolution of many virulent and drug-resistant strains, presenting a major...

Seven Novel Variants of the Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Ireland

Shore, Anna, Rossney, Angela S., Keane, Conor T., Enright, Mark C., Coleman, David C.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered in Irish hospitals between 1971 and 2002 were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (n = 130) and SCCmec typing...

Genetic Background Affects Stability of mecA in Staphylococcus aureus

Katayama, Yuki, Robinson, D. Ashley, Enright, Mark C., Chambers, Henry F.

The staphylococcal methicillin resistance determinant, mecA, resides on a mobile genetic element, staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec). The distribution of SCCmec in nature is limited to...

Evolutionary Genetics of the Accessory Gene Regulator (agr) Locus in Staphylococcus aureus†

Robinson, D. Ashley, Monk, Alastair B., Cooper, Jessica E., Feil, Edward J., Enright, Mark C.

The accessory gene regulator (agr) locus influences the expression of many virulence genes in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Four allelic groups of agr, which generally inhibit the...

How Clonal Is Staphylococcus aureus?

Feil, Edward J., Cooper, Jessica E., Grundmann, Hajo, Robinson, D. Ashley, Enright, Mark C., Berendt, Tony, ...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen and represents a growing public health burden owing to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant clones, particularly within the hospital...

Detection of New Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones Containing the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Gene Responsible for Hospital- and Community-Acquired Infections in France

Durand, Geraldine, Bes, Michèle, Meugnier, Helene, Enright, Mark C., Forey, Françoise, Liassine, Nadia, ...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones harboring the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tst) gene have been detected in France and in Switzerland since 2002. During a passive survey...

Recombination within natural populations of pathogenic bacteria: Short-term empirical estimates and long-term phylogenetic consequences

Feil, Edward J., Holmes, Edward C., Bessen, Debra E., Chan, Man-Suen, Day, Nicholas P. J., Enright, Mark C., ...

The identification of clones within bacterial populations is often taken as evidence for a low rate of recombination, but the validity of this inference is rarely examined. We have used statistical...

The Three Major Spanish Clones of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Are the Most Common Clones Recovered in Recent Cases of Meningitis in Spain

Enright, Mark C., Fenoll, Asunción, Griffiths, David, Spratt, Brian G.

One hundred six isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered in Spain from patients with meningitis in 1997 and 1998 were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. A heterogeneous collection of...

Identification of the Major Spanish Clones of Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci via the Internet Using Multilocus Sequence Typing

Zhou, Jiaji, Enright, Mark C., Spratt, Brian G.

Multilocus sequence typing was used to characterize isolates of the major Spanish clones of penicillin-resistant and multiple-antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Isolates of the...

Multilocus Sequence Typing for Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Clones of Staphylococcus aureus

Enright, Mark C., Day, Nicholas P. J., Davies, Catrin E., Peacock, Sharon J., Spratt, Brian G.

A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme has been developed for Staphylococcus aureus. The sequences of internal fragments of seven housekeeping genes were obtained for 155 S. aureus isolates from...

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Streptococcus pyogenes and the Relationships between emm Type and Clone

Enright, Mark C., Spratt, Brian G., Kalia, Awdhesh, Cross, John H., Bessen, Debra E.

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a tool that can be used to study the molecular epidemiology and population genetic structure of microorganisms. A MLST scheme was developed for Streptococcus...

Directional Gene Movement from Human-Pathogenic to Commensal-Like Streptococci

Kalia, Awdhesh, Enright, Mark C., Spratt, Brian G., Bessen, Debra E.

Group A streptococci (GAS) are highly pathogenic for humans, and their closest genetic relatives, group C and G streptococci (GCS and GGS, respectively), are generally regarded as commensals,...

Identification of Three Major Clones of Multiply Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwanese Hospitals by Multilocus Sequence Typing

Shi, Zhi-Yuan, Enright, Mark C., Wilkinson, Paul, Griffiths, David, Spratt, Brian G.

In this paper we demonstrate the advantages of a new molecular typing procedure, multilocus sequence typing, for the unambiguous characterization of penicillin-resistant pneumococci. The sequences of...

The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Enright, Mark C., Robinson, D. Ashley, Randle, Gaynor, Feil, Edward J., Grundmann, Hajo, Spratt, Brian G.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections that are becoming increasingly difficult to combat because of emerging resistance to all current...

Influence of Recombination and Niche Separation on the Population Genetic Structure of the Pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes

Kalia, Awdhesh, Spratt, Brian G., Enright, Mark C., Bessen, Debra E.

The throat and skin of the human host are the principal reservoirs for the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. The emm locus encodes structurally heterogeneous surface fibrils that play...

Stability of Serotypes during Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Meats, Emma, Brueggemann, Angela B., Enright, Mark C., Sleeman, Karen, Griffiths, David T., Crook, Derrick W., ...

Serotype changes among natural isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are well documented and occur by recombinational exchanges at the capsular biosynthetic locus. However, the frequency with which...

Determining the Genetic Structure of the Natural Population of Staphylococcus aureus: a Comparison of Multilocus Sequence Typing with Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis, and Phage Typing

Grundmann, Hajo, Hori, Satoshi, Enright, Mark C., Webster, Carol, Tami, Adriana, Feil, Edward J., ...

We used a sample of Staphylococcus aureus strains that are carried by humans and that are representative of the natural population of S. aureus strains in order to assess the value of multilocus...

How Clonal Is Staphylococcus aureus?

Feil, Edward J., Cooper, Jessica E., Grundmann, Hajo, Robinson, D. Ashley, Enright, Mark C., Berendt, Tony, ...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen and represents a growing public health burden owing to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant clones, particularly within the hospital...

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Staphylococcus aureus with DNA Array Technology

Van Leeuwen, Willem B., Jay, Corinne, Snijders, Susan, Durin, Nathalia, Lacroix, Bruno, Verbrugh, Henry A., ...

A newly developed oligonucleotide array suited for multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Staphylococcus aureus strains was analyzed with two strain collections in a two-center study. MLST allele...

Related Clones Containing SCCmec Type IV Predominate among Clinically Significant Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates

Wisplinghoff, Hilmar, Rosato, Adriana E., Enright, Mark C., Noto, Michael, Craig, William, Archer, Gordon L.

SCCmec is a mobile genetic element that carries the gene (mecA) mediating methicillin resistance in staphylococci. For Staphylococcus aureus, four SCCmec types have been described, one (type IV) of...

Evolutionary Models of the Emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Robinson, D. Ashley, Enright, Mark C.

Five major lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have evolved since the introduction of methicillin for the treatment of infections caused by penicillin-resistant S. aureus...

Evolution of Staphylococcus aureus by Large Chromosomal Replacements

Robinson, D. Ashley, Enright, Mark C.

Conjugative transfer and replacement of hundreds of kilobases of a bacterial chromosome can occur in vitro, but replacements in nature are either an order of magnitude smaller or involve the movement...

Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains: Evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance

Holden, Matthew T. G., Feil, Edward J., Lindsay, Jodi A., Peacock, Sharon J., Day, Nicholas P. J., Enright, Mark C., ...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial and community-acquired pathogen. Its genetic plasticity has facilitated the evolution of many virulent and drug-resistant strains, presenting a major...

Seven Novel Variants of the Staphylococcal Chromosomal Cassette mec in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Ireland

Shore, Anna, Rossney, Angela S., Keane, Conor T., Enright, Mark C., Coleman, David C.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates recovered in Irish hospitals between 1971 and 2002 were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) (n = 130) and SCCmec typing...

Genetic Background Affects Stability of mecA in Staphylococcus aureus

Katayama, Yuki, Robinson, D. Ashley, Enright, Mark C., Chambers, Henry F.

The staphylococcal methicillin resistance determinant, mecA, resides on a mobile genetic element, staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec). The distribution of SCCmec in nature is limited to...

Evolutionary Genetics of the Accessory Gene Regulator (agr) Locus in Staphylococcus aureus†

Robinson, D. Ashley, Monk, Alastair B., Cooper, Jessica E., Feil, Edward J., Enright, Mark C.

The accessory gene regulator (agr) locus influences the expression of many virulence genes in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Four allelic groups of agr, which generally inhibit the...

Detection of New Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones Containing the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Gene Responsible for Hospital- and Community-Acquired Infections in France

Durand, Geraldine, Bes, Michèle, Meugnier, Helene, Enright, Mark C., Forey, Françoise, Liassine, Nadia, ...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones harboring the toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tst) gene have been detected in France and in Switzerland since 2002. During a passive survey...

Improved Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Staphylococcus epidermidis▿

Thomas, Jonathan C., Vargas, Miguel R., Miragaia, Maria, Peacock, Sharon J., Archer, Gordon L., Enright, Mark C.

We evaluated three multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes for Staphylococcus epidermidis and selected the seven most discriminatory loci for the formation of a new, more powerful MLST scheme. This...

Evaluation of Molecular Typing Methods in Characterizing a European Collection of Epidemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains: the HARMONY Collection▿

Cookson, Barry D., Robinson, D. Ashley, Monk, Alastair B., Murchan, Stephen, Deplano, Ariane, De Ryck, Rafaël, ...

We analyzed a representative sample of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from 11 European countries (referred to as the HARMONY collection) using three molecular typing methods used...