Mark Schankerman

Motivation and sorting in open source software innovation (2008)

Using data on U.S. universities, we show that universities that give higher royalty shares to faculty scientists generate greater license income, controlling for university size, academic quality,...

Patent thickets and the market for innovation: evidence from settlement of patent disputes (2008)

This paper studies the role of intrinsic motivation, reputation and reciprocity in driving open source software innovation. We exploit the observed pattern of contributions – the ‘revealed...

Galasso, Alberto, Schankerman, Mark

We study how fragmentation of patent rights (‘patent thickets’) and the formation of the Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) affected the duration of patent disputes, and thus the...

A Patent Policy Proposal for Global Diseases 1 (2007)

Jean O. Lanjouw, Michael Kremer, Peter Lanjouw, Mark Lemley, Josh Lerner, Keith Maskus, ...

There are two identifiable types of diseases in developing countries. Some, such as malaria, are specific to poor countries, but many others, such as cancer, have a high incidence in all countries....

Harnessing success: incentives for invention and technology transfer in universities (2007)

Harnessing success: incentives for invention and technology transfer in universities (2007)

The impact of private ownership, incentives and local development objectives on university technology transfer performance (2007)

Incentives and invention in universities (2007)

We study the impact of private ownership, incentive pay and local development objectives on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology licensing...

The impact of private ownership, incentives and local development objectives on university technology transfer performance (2007)

Using data on U.S. universities, we show that universities that give higher royalty shares to faculty scientists generate greater license income, controlling for university size, academic quality,...

Incentives and invention in universities (2007)

We study the impact of private ownership, incentive pay and local development objectives on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology licensing...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2007)

Using data on U.S. universities, we show that universities that give higher royalty shares to faculty scientists generate greater license income, controlling for university size, academic quality,...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2007)

Support for R&D subsidies relies on empirical evidence that R&D "spills over" between firms. But firm performance is affected by two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

Harnessing success: determinants of university technology licensing performance (2007)

Support for R&D subsidies relies on empirical evidence that R&D "spills over" between firms. But firm performance is affected by two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

Harnessing success: determinants of university technology licensing performance (2007)

We study the impact of incentive pay, local development objectives and government constraints on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology...

We study the impact of incentive pay, local development objectives and government constraints on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology...

Strategic patenting is widely believed to raise the costs of innovating, especially in industries characterised by cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patenting on R&D,...

Strategic patenting is widely believed to raise the costs of innovating, especially in industries characterised by cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patenting on R&D,...

Strategic patenting is widely believed to raise the costs of innovating, especially in industries characterised by cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patenting on R&D,...

Noel, Michael D., Schankerman, Mark

Strategic patenting is widely believed to raise the costs of innovating, especially in industries characterised by cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patenting on R&D,...

Harnessing success: determinants of university technology licensing performance (2006)

We study the impact of incentive pay, local development objectives and government constraints on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology...

Strategic patenting is widely believed to raise the costs of innovating, especially in industries characterised by cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patenting on R&D,...

Noel, Michael D., Schankerman, Mark

Strategic patenting is widely believed to raise the costs of innovating, especially in industries characterised by cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patenting on R&D,...

Harnessing success: determinants of university technology licensing performance (2006)

Still Looking for Lost Profits: The Case of Horizontal Competition (2005)

We study the impact of incentive pay, local development objectives and government constraints on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology...

Still Looking for Lost Profits: The Case of Horizontal Competition (2005)

JEL Classifications: L41, K21 Abstract: When infringement of a patent dissipates profit relative to the licensing agreement that would otherwise occur, damages under the lost-profit rule deter...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

JEL Classifications: L41, K21Abstract: When infringement of a patent dissipates profit relative to the licensing agreement that would otherwise occur, damages under the lost-profit rule deter...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

Government policies to support R&D are predicated on empirical evidence of R&D "spillovers" between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology spillovers...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

Government policies to support R&D are predicated on empirical evidence of R&D "spillovers" between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology spillovers...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

Support for many R&D and technology policies relies on empirical evidence that R&D ‘spills over’ between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

Government policies to support R&D are predicated on empirical evidence of R&D "spillovers" between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology spillovers...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

Support for many R&D and technology policies relies on empirical evidence that R&D ‘spills over’ between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

Support for many R&D and technology policies relies on empirical evidence that R&D “spills over” between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

Support for many R&D and technology policies relies on empirical evidence that R&D “spills over” between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2005)

On the welfare effects and political economy of competition-enhancing policies (2004)

On the welfare effects and political economy of competition-enhancing policies (2004)

On the welfare effects and political economy of competition-enhancing policies (2004)

Patent quality and research productivity : measuring innovation with multiple indicators (2004)

Lanjouw, J., Schankerman, Mark

Patent quality and research productivity : measuring innovation with multiple indicators (2004)

Lanjouw, J., Schankerman, Mark

Protecting intellectual property rights: are small firms handicapped? (2004)

Patent quality and research productivity: measuring innovation with multiple indicators (2004)

This paper studies the determinants of patent suits and settlements during 1978-99 by linking information from the U.S. patent office, the federal courts, and industry sources. We find that...

Lanjouw, J., Schankerman, Mark

Protecting intellectual property rights: are small firms handicapped? (2004)

Incentives and invention in universities (2004)

This paper studies the determinants of patent suits and settlements during 1978-99 by linking information from the U.S. patent office, the federal courts, and industry sources. We find that...

Incentives and invention in universities (2004)

Royalty sharing and technology licensing in universities (2004)

Saul, Lach, Schankerman, Mark

Using data for 102 U.S. universities, we show that royalty-sharing arrangements (cash flow rights) vary substantially across universities and that they are largely unrelated to most observed...

Royalty sharing and technology licensing in universities (2004)

Saul, Lach, Schankerman, Mark

Using data for 102 U.S. universities, we show that royalty-sharing arrangements (cash flow rights) vary substantially across universities and that they are largely unrelated to most observed...

Patents, citations & innovations: a window on the knowledge economy [book review] (2003)

Patents, citations & innovations: a window on the knowledge economy [book review] (2003)

Using data on U.S. universities, we show that universities that give higher royalty shares to faculty scientists generate greater license income, controlling for university size, academic quality,...

We show that economic incentives affect the number and commercial value of inventions generated in universities. Using panel data for 102 U.S. universities during the period 1991-1999, we find that...

Using data on U.S. universities, we show that universities that give higher royalty shares to faculty scientists generate greater license income, controlling for university size, academic quality,...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2003)

We show that economic incentives affect the number and commercial value of inventions generated in universities. Using panel data for 102 U.S. universities during the period 1991-1999, we find that...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry (2003)

Enforcement of patent rights in the United States (2003)

Enforcement of patent rights in the United States (2003)

Research productivity and patent quality: measurement with multiple indicators (2002)

Research productivity and patent quality: measurement with multiple indicators (2002)

We analyse the determinants of the decline in measured research productivity (the patent/R&D ratio) using panel data on manufacturing firms in the U.S. for the period 1980-93. We focus on three...

Idiosyncratic and common shocks to investment decisions (2002)

We analyse the determinants of the decline in measured research productivity (the patent/R&D ratio) using panel data on manufacturing firms in the U.S. for the period 1980-93. We focus on three...

Research productivity and patent quality: measurement with multiple indicators (2002)

Idiosyncratic and common shocks to investment decisions (2002)

We analyse the determinants of the decline in measured research productivity (the patent/R&D ratio) using panel data on manufacturing firms in the US for the period 1980-93. We focus on three...

Research productivity and patent quality: measurement with multiple indicators (2002)

We analyse the determinants of the decline in measured research productivity (the patent/R&D ratio) using panel data on manufacturing firms in the US for the period 1980-93. We focus on three...

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978- 1999 by linking detailed information from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources....

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978-1999 by linking detailed information from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The...

Lanjouw, Peter, Schankerman, Mark

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978−99 by linking detailed information from the US patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The...

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978- 1999 by linking detailed information from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources....

Lanjouw, Peter, Schankerman, Mark

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978−99 by linking detailed information from the US patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The...

Idiosyncratic and common shocks to investment decisions (2001)

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978-1999 by linking detailed information from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The...

Idiosyncratic and common shocks to investment decisions (2001)

This Paper shows how microeconomic data on investment plans can be used to study the structure of risk faced by firms. Revisions of investment plans form a martingale, and thus reveal the underlying...

Idiosyncratic and common shocks to investment decisions (2001)

This Paper shows how microeconomic data on investment plans can be used to study the structure of risk faced by firms. Revisions of investment plans form a martingale, and thus reveal the underlying...

Characteristics of patent litigation : a window on competition (2001)

This Paper shows how microeconomic data on investment plans can be used to study the structure of risk faced by firms. Revisions of investment plans form a martingale, and thus reveal the underlying...

Schankerman, Mark, Lanjouw, J.

Damages and injunctions in protecting intellectual property (2001)

Characteristics of patent litigation : a window on competition (2001)

Schankerman, Mark, Lanjouw, J.

Damages and injunctions in protecting intellectual property (2001)

Characteristics of patent litigation: a window on competition (2001)

Schankerman, Mark, Lanjouw, J.

Damages and injunctions in protecting intellectual property (2001)

Damages and Injunctions in Protecting Intellectual Property (2001)

notice, is given to the source. Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights (2001)

We investigate how liability rules and property rules protect intellectual property. Infringement might not be deterred under any of the enforcement regimes available. However, counterintuitively, a...

Jean O. Lanjouw, Mark Schankerman, Jean O. Lanjouw, Mark Schankerman, Jel No. K

providing access to the detailed patent information from their LitAlert data base, which was critical to making this project feasible. We also thank Bronwyn Hall and Adam Jaffe for their input and...

An analytical framework for evaluating transition impact of infrastructure projects (2000)

An analytical framework for evaluating transition impact of infrastructure projects (2000)

This paper provides a non-technical summary of a framework for evaluating the transition impact (social returns) of any infrastructure investment that reduces transaction costs and thereby...

Damages and injunctions in protecting proprietary research tools (2000)

This paper provides a non-technical summary of a framework for evaluating the transition impact (social returns) of any infrastructure investment that reduces transaction costs and thereby...

Damages and injunctions in protecting proprietary research tools (2000)

We investigate how liability rules and property rules affect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

Damages and Injunctions in Protecting Proprietary Research Tools (2000)

We investigate how liability rules and property rules affect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

A model of market-enhancing infrastructure (2000)

We investigate how liability rules and property rules affect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

A model of market-enhancing infrastructure (2000)

This paper develops a framework for evaluating the social returns to infrastructure investments that intensify product market competition. We use a circular model with asymmetric production costs...

Measuring governance, corruption, and state capture: how firms and bureaucrats shape the business environment in transition economies (2000)

This paper develops a framework for evaluating the social returns to infrastructure investments that intensify product market competition. We use a circular model with asymmetric production costs...

Hellman, Joel S., Jones, Geraint, Kaufmann, Daniel, Schankerman, Mark

As a symptom of fundamental institutional weaknesses, corruption needs to be viewed within a broader governance framework. It thrives where the state is unable to reign over its bureaucracy, to...

Measuring governance, corruption, and state capture: how firms and bureaucrats shape the business environment in transition economies (2000)

Hellman, Joel S., Jones, Geraint, Kaufmann, Daniel, Schankerman, Mark

As a symptom of fundamental institutional weaknesses, corruption needs to be viewed within a broader governance framework. It thrives where the state is unable to reign over its bureaucracy, to...

Damages and injunctions in protecting proprietary research tools (2000)

Damages and injunctions in protecting proprietary research tools (2000)

We investigate how liability rules and property rules affect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

Intervention, corruption and capture: the nexus between enterprises and the state (2000)

We investigate how liability rules and property rules affect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

Hellman, Joel, Schankerman, Mark

Damages and injunctions in protecting proprietary research tools (2000)

Intervention, corruption and capture: the nexus between enterprises and the state (2000)

We investigate how liability rules and property rules affect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

Hellman, Joel, Schankerman, Mark

Damages and Injunctions in Protecting Proprietary Research Tools (2000)

The quality of ideas: measuring innovation with multiple indicators (1999)

: Weinvestigate how liability rules and property rules a#ect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

The quality of ideas: measuring innovation with multiple indicators (1999)

We model early expectations about the value and technological importance ('quality') of a patented innovation as a latent variable common to a set of four indicators: the number of patent claims,...

Damages and injunctions in the protection of proprietary research tools (1999)

We model early expectations about the value and technological importance ('quality') of a patented innovation as a latent variable common to a set of four indicators: the number of patent claims,...

Damages and injunctions in the protection of proprietary research tools (1999)

Profit on proprietary research tools is determined partly by the remedies for infringement, such as damages and injunctions. We investigate how damages under a liability rule and the opportunity for...

Damages and Injunctions in the Protection of Proprietary Research Tools (1999)

Profit on proprietary research tools is determined partly by the remedies for infringement, such as damages and injunctions. We investigate how damages under a liability rule and the opportunity for...

Scotchmer, Suzanne, Schankerman, Mark

Profit on proprietary research tools is determined partly by the remedies for infringement, such as damages and injunctions. We investigate how damages under a liability rule and the opportunity for...

Competition, entry and the social returns to infrastructure in transition economies (1999)

Competition, entry and the social returns to infrastructure in transition economies (1999)

Competition, entry, and the social returns to infrastructure in transition economies (1999)

Competition, entry, and the social returns to infrastructure in transition economies (1999)

This paper presents a simple model for analysing the contribution of investments in physical and institutional infrastructure to the transition process. In addition to the direct cost savings,...

Damages and injunctions in the protection of proprietary research tools (1999)

This paper presents a simple model for analysing the contribution of investments in physical and institutional infrastructure to the transition process. In addition to the direct cost savings,...

Damages and injunctions in the protection of proprietary research tools (1999)

Profit on proprietary research tools is determined partly by the remedies for infringement, such as damages and injunctions. We investigate how damages under a liability rule and the opportunity for...

Patent renewals and R&D incentives (1999)

Profit on proprietary research tools is determined partly by the remedies for infringement, such as damages and injunctions. We investigate how damages under a liability rule and the opportunity for...

Patent renewals and R&D incentives (1999)

Patent suits: do they distort research incentives? (1998)

Lanjouw, Jenny, Schankerman, Mark

This paper shows that the process of enforcing patent rights both dilutes and distorts Research and Development (R&D) incentives. We examine the characteristics of litigated patents by combining, for...

Patent suits: do they distort research incentives? (1998)

Lanjouw, Jenny, Schankerman, Mark

This paper shows that the process of enforcing patent rights both dilutes and distorts Research and Development (R&D) incentives. We examine the characteristics of litigated patents by combining, for...

Patent renewals and r&d incentives (1998)

Patent renewals and r&d incentives (1998)

In a model with moral hazard and assymmetric information, we show that it can be welfare-improving to differentiate patent lives when firms have different R&D productivities. A uniform patent life...

Stylised fact of patent litigation: value, scope and ownership (1998)

In a model with moral hazard and assymmetric information, we show that it can be welfare-improving to differentiate patent lives when firms have different R&D productivities. A uniform patent life...

Stylised fact of patent litigation: value, scope and ownership (1998)

This paper investigates the characteristics of litigated patents by combining for the first time information about patent case filings from the U.S. district courts and detailed data from the U.S....

How valuable is patent protection? Estimates by technology field (1998)

This paper investigates the characteristics of litigated patents by combining for the first time information about patent case filings from the U.S. district courts and detailed data from the U.S....

How valuable is patent protection? Estimates by technology field (1998)

Stylized facts of patent litigation: value, scope and ownership (1997)

Stylized facts of patent litigation: value, scope and ownership (1997)

This paper investigates the characteristics of litigated patents by combining for the first" time information about patent case filings from the U.S. district courts and detailed data from the" U.S....

Privatizing Russia [book review] (1997)

This paper investigates the characteristics of litigated patents by combining for the first" time information about patent case filings from the U.S. district courts and detailed data from the" U.S....

Privatizing Russia [book review] (1997)

Enterprise restructuring and social benefits (1997)

Commander, Simon, Schankerman, Mark

Enterprise restructuring and social benefits (1997)

Commander, Simon, Schankerman, Mark

Governance in transition (1997)

Growth in transition economies: sources and obstacles (1997)

Governance in transition (1997)

Growth in transition economies: sources and obstacles (1997)

Symmetric regulation for competitive telecommunications (1996)

Symmetric regulation for competitive telecommunications (1996)

This paper argues that symmetric regulation should be adopted for the increasingly competitive telecommunications sector. This is required to provide market-based price signals which induce efficient...

Exploiting new market opportunities in telecommunications (1996)

This paper argues that symmetric regulation should be adopted for the increasingly competitive telecommunications sector. This is required to provide market-based price signals which induce efficient...

Bishop, V, Mody, A, Schankerman, Mark

Exploiting new market opportunities in telecommunications (1996)

Bishop, V, Mody, A, Schankerman, Mark

Optimal patent renewals (1996)

Optimal patent renewals (1996)

When firms have different R&D productivities, it may be welfare increasing to differentiate patent lives across inventions. The reason is that any uniform patent life provides excessive incentives to...

Revisions and investment plans and the stock market rate of return (1991)

When firms have different R&D productivities, it may be welfare increasing to differentiate patent lives across inventions. The reason is that any uniform patent life provides excessive incentives to...

Revisions and investment plans and the stock market rate of return (1991)

This paper explores the sources of uncertainty that cause firms to revise their capital investment plans and the stock market to revise its valuation of those firms. A simple method is developed to...

Revisions of investment plans and the stock market rate of return (1991)

This paper explores the sources of uncertainty that cause firms to revise their capital investment plans and the stock market to revise its valuation of those firms. A simple method is developed to...

Revisions of investment plans and the stock market rate of return (1991)

This paper explores the sources of uncertainty that cause firms to revise their capital investment plans and the stock market to revise its valuation of those firms. A simple method is developed to...

How valuable is patent protection? Estimates by technology field using patent renewal data (1991)

This paper explores the sources of uncertainty that cause firms to revise their capital investment plans and the stock market to revise its valuation of those firms. A simple method is developed to...

How valuable is patent protection? Estimates by technology field using patent renewal data (1991)

This paper presents quantitative estimates of the private value of property rights conferred by patent protection for different technology fields and countries of ownership. The measures are derived...

How valuable is patent protection? Estimates by technology field using patent renewal data (1991)

This paper presents quantitative estimates of the private value of property rights conferred by patent protection for different technology fields and countries of ownership. The measures are derived...

How valuable is patent protection? Estimates by technology field using patent renewal data (1991)

This paper presents quantitative estimates of the private value of property rights conferred by patent protection for different technology fields and countries of ownership. The measures are derived...

Dynamics of r&d and investment in the scientific sector. (1989)

This paper presents quantitative estimates of the private value of property rights conferred by patent protection for different technology fields and countries of ownership. The measures are derived...

Dynamics of r&d and investment in the scientific sector. (1989)

This paper empirically explores the dynamic interactions among research and development, capital investment, and the stock market performance of 191 firms in science-based industries during the...

The interaction between capital investment and r&d in science-based firms (1987)

This paper empirically explores the dynamic interactions among research and development, capital investment, and the stock market performance of 191 firms in science-based industries during the...

The interaction between capital investment and r&d in science-based firms (1987)

This paper analyzes the interaction among R&D, capital investment , and the stock market rate of return for 191 firms in science-based industries for the period 1973-1981. Using a framework based on...

An exploration into the determinants of research intensity (1987)

This paper analyzes the interaction among R&D, capital investment , and the stock market rate of return for 191 firms in science-based industries for the period 1973-1981. Using a framework based on...

Investment in r&d, costs of adjustment and expectations (1987)

The rate of obsolescence of patents, research gestation lags, and the private rate of return to research resources (1987)

Comment on long run trends in patents (1987)

An exploration into the determinants of research intensity (1987)

Investment in r&d, costs of adjustment and expectations (1987)

The rate of obsolescence of patents, research gestation lags, and the private rate of return to research resources (1987)

Comment on long run trends in patents (1987)

Estimates of the value of patent rights in European countries during the post-1950 period (1987)

Estimating the effects of r&d on Bell system productivity: a model of embodied technical change (1987)

This paper examines the distribution of the values of patent rights in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany during the post-1950 period. These values are inferred from the behavior of patentees...

Gordon, Roger H., Schankerman, Mark

This paper develops an econometric model of the effects of R&D effort on the magnitude and characteristics of technical change in the Bell system. We estimate simultaneously a vintage capital...

Restricted cost functions and the rate of return to quasi-fixed factors, with an application to r&d and capital in the Bell system (1987)

Estimates of the value of patent rights in European countries during the post-1950 period (1987)

This paper provides a statistical test to assess the adequacy of static equilibrium models. The test is based on a restricted cost function framework together with the envelope conditions which...

Estimating the effects of r&d on Bell system productivity: a model of embodied technical change (1987)

This paper examines the distribution of the values of patent rights in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany during the post-1950 period. These values are inferred from the behavior of patentees...

Gordon, Roger H., Schankerman, Mark

This paper develops an econometric model of the effects of R&D effort on the magnitude and characteristics of technical change in the Bell system. We estimate simultaneously a vintage capital...

Restricted cost functions and the rate of return to quasi-fixed factors, with an application to r&d and capital in the Bell system (1987)

Estimates of the value of patent rights in European countries during the post-1950 period (1986)

This paper provides a statistical test to assess the adequacy of static equilibrium models. The test is based on a restricted cost function framework together with the envelope conditions which...

Estimates of the value of patent rights in European countries during the post-1950 period (1986)

The principal objectives of this paper are to estimate and analyse the private value of patent rights in the United Kingdom, France and Germany during the post-1950 period, and to provide and...

A test of static equilibrium models and rates of return to quasi-fixed factors, with an application to the Bell system (1986)

The principal objectives of this paper are to estimate and analyse the private value of patent rights in the United Kingdom, France and Germany during the post-1950 period, and to provide and...

Estimating the effects of r&d on Bell system productivity: a model of embodied technical change (1986)

he paper provides a statistical test to assess the adequacy of the static equilibrium framework which can be used prior to specifying a fully dynamic equilibrium model. We develop and apply this test...

Gordon, Roger, Schankerman, Mark, Spady, Richard

A test of static equilibrium models and rates of return to quasi-fixed factors, with an application to the Bell system (1986)

Estimating the effects of r&d on Bell system productivity: a model of embodied technical change (1986)

he paper provides a statistical test to assess the adequacy of the static equilibrium framework which can be used prior to specifying a fully dynamic equilibrium model. We develop and apply this test...

Gordon, Roger, Schankerman, Mark, Spady, Richard

Valeur et obsolescence des brevets: une analyse des statistiques de renouvellement des brevets européens (1985)

Valeur et obsolescence des brevets: une analyse des statistiques de renouvellement des brevets européens (1985)

Investment in r&d, costs of adjustment and expectations (1982)

Investment in r&d, costs of adjustment and expectations (1982)

his paper proposes a framework which integrates convex costs of adjustment and expectations formation in the determination of investment decisions in R&D at the firm level. The model is based on cost...

The effects of double-counting and expensing on the measured returns to r&d (1981)

his paper proposes a framework which integrates convex costs of adjustment and expectations formation in the determination of investment decisions in R&D at the firm level. The model is based on cost...

The effects of double-counting and expensing on the measured returns to r&d (1981)

This article focuses on the effects of double-counting and expensing on the measured returns to R&D. The contribution of research and development (R&D) to economic growth has been measured in two...

Technical change, returns to scale, and the productivity slowdown (1981)

This article focuses on the effects of double-counting and expensing on the measured returns to R&D. The contribution of research and development (R&D) to economic growth has been measured in two...

Technical change, returns to scale, and the productivity slowdown (1981)

The recent slowdown in the growth of productivity in the U.S. has attracted considerable attention. The deceleration has been attributed to many factors, including a slowdown in the growth of capital...

The structure of production, technological change, and the rate of growth of total factor productivity in the U.S. Bell system (1981)

The recent slowdown in the growth of productivity in the U.S. has attracted considerable attention. The deceleration has been attributed to many factors, including a slowdown in the growth of capital...

The structure of production, technological change, and the rate of growth of total factor productivity in the U.S. Bell system (1981)

Variable cost functions and the rate of return to quasi-fixed factors: an application to r and d in the Bell system (1980)

Variable cost functions and the rate of return to quasi-fixed factors: an application to r and d in the Bell system (1980)

We formulate a variable cost function model in which certain inputs are treated as quasi-fixed, and develop a simple statistical test of whether optimization occurs for the quasi-fixed inputs. It is...

An exploration into the determinants of research intensity (1980)

We formulate a variable cost function model in which certain inputs are treated as quasi-fixed, and develop a simple statistical test of whether optimization occurs for the quasi-fixed inputs. It is...

An exploration into the determinants of research intensity (1980)

This paper explores the economic factors which determine the variation of research effort across firms. The intra-industry coefficient of variation of research intensity is much larger than those of...

The structure of production, technological change, and the rate of growth of total factor productivity in the Bell system (1979)

This paper explores the economic factors which determine the variation of research effort across firms. The intra-industry coefficient of variation of research intensity is much larger than those of...

The structure of production, technological change, and the rate of growth of total factor productivity in the Bell system (1979)

he objectives of this preliminary study are threefold. The first is to analyze empirically the production structure of the Bell System at the aggregate level. Particular attention is focused on the...

The rate of obsolescence of knowledge, research gestation lags, and the private rate of return to research resources (1979)

he objectives of this preliminary study are threefold. The first is to analyze empirically the production structure of the Bell System at the aggregate level. Particular attention is focused on the...

The rate of obsolescence of knowledge, research gestation lags, and the private rate of return to research resources (1979)

This paper points out the conceptual distinction between the rates of decay in the physical productivity of traditional capital goods and that of the appropriate revenues accruing to...

Identical bids and cartel behavior (1976)

This paper points out the conceptual distinction between the rates of decay in the physical productivity of traditional capital goods and that of the appropriate revenues accruing to...

Comanor, William S., Schankerman, Mark

Common costs in pharmaceutical research and development: implications for direct price regulation (1976)

Identical bids and cartel behavior (1976)

Comanor, William S., Schankerman, Mark

Common costs in pharmaceutical research and development: implications for direct price regulation (1976)

Identifying Technology Spillovers and Product Market Rivalry

Nick Bloom, Mark Schankerman, John Van Reenen

Government policies to support R&D are predicated on empirical evidence of R&D"spillovers" between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effectsfrom technology spillovers...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry

Nick Bloom, Mark Schankerman, John Van Reenen

Support for many R&D and technology policies relies on empirical evidence that R&D "spills over" between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry

Nick Bloom, Mark Schankerman, John Van Reenen

Support for many R&D and technology policies relies on empirical evidence that R&D "spills over" between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

Valeur et obsolescence des brevets : une analyse des statistiques de renouvellement des brevets européens

Mark Schankerman, Ariel Pakes

Strategic Patenting and Software Innovation

Noel, Michael D., Schankerman, Mark

Strategic patenting is widely believed to raise the costs of innovating, especially in industries characterised by cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patenting on R&D,...

Royalty Sharing and Technology Licensing in Universities

Using data for 102 U.S. universities, we show that royalty-sharing arrangements (cash flow rights) vary substantially across universities and that they are largely unrelated to most observed...

A test of static equilibrium models and rates of return to quasi-fixed factors, with an application to the Bell system

Using data on U.S. universities, we show that universities that give higher royalty shares to facultyscientists generate greater license income, controlling for university size, academic quality,...

The Rate of Obsolescence Of Knowledge, Research Gestation Lags, and the Private Rate of Return to Research Resources

Harnessing Success: Determinants of University Technology Licensing Performance

This paper points out the conceptual distinction between the rates of decay in the physical productivity of traditional capital goods and that of the appropriate revenues accruing to...

The Structure of Production, Technological Change, and the Rate of Growth of Total Factor Productivity in the Bell System

We study the impact of incentive pay, local development objectives and government constraints on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology...

M. Ishaq Nadiri, Mark Schankerman

The objectives of this preliminary study are threefold. The first is to analyze empirically the production structure of the Bell System at the aggregate level. Particular attention is focused on the...

An Exploration into the Determinants of Research Intensity

Variable Cost Functions and the Rate of Return to Quasi-Fixed Factors: An Application to R and D in the Bell System

This paper explores the economic factors which determine the variation of research effort across firms. The intra-industry coefficient of variation of research intensity is much larger than those of...

M. Ishaq Nadiri, Mark Schankerman

We formulate a variable cost function model in which certain inputs are treated as quasi-fixed, and develop a simple statistical test of whether optimization occurs for the quasi-fixed inputs. It is...

Restriced Cost Functions and the Rate of Return to Quasi-Fixed Factors, with an Application to R&D and Capital in the Bell System

Mark Schankerman, M. Ishaq Nadiri

This paper provides a statistical test to assess the adequacy of static equilibrium models. The test is based on a restricted cost function framework together with the envelope conditions which...

Estimating the Effects of R&D on Bell System Productivity: A Model of Embodied Technical Change

Roger H. Gordon, Mark Schankerman, Richard H. Spady

This paper develops an econometric model of the effects of R&D effort on the magnitude and characteristics of technical change in the Bell system. We estimate simultaneously a vintage capital...

The Impact of Private Ownership, Incentives and Local Development Objectives on University Technology Transfer Performance

The Interaction Between Capital Investment and R&D in Science-Based Firms

We study the impact of private ownership, incentive pay and local development objectives onuniversity licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technologylicensing...

Estimates of the Value of Patent Rights in European Countries During thePost-1950 Period

This paper analyzes the interaction among R&D, capital investment , and the stock market rate of return for 191 firms in science-based industries for the period 1973-1981. Using a framework based on...

Mark Schankerman, Ariel Pakes

This paper examines the distribution of the values of patent rights in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany during the post-1950 period. These values are inferred from the behavior of patentees...

Strategic Patenting and Software Innovation

Michael Noel, Mark Schankerman

Strategic patenting is widely believed to raise the costs of innovating,especially in industries characterised by cumulative innovation. This paperstudies the effects of strategic patenting on R&D,...

Harnessing Success: Determinants of UniversityTechnology Licensing Performance

Intervention, Corruption and Capture: The Nexus between Enterprises and the State

We study the impact of incentive pay, local development objectives and governmentconstraints on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contractingmodel of technology licensing...

Joel Hellman, Mark Schankerman

Measuring governance, corruption, and State capture - how firms and bureaucrats shape the business environment in transition economies

Hellman, Joel S., Jones, Geraint, Kaufmann, Daniel, Schankerman, Mark

As a symptom of fundamental institutional weaknesses, corruption needs to be viewed within a broader governance framework. It thrives where the state is unable to reign over its bureaucracy, to...

Strategic Patenting and Software Innovation

Michael Noel, Mark Schankerman

Strategic patenting is widely believed to raise the costs of innovating, especially in industriescharacterised by cumulative innovation. This paper studies the effects of strategic patentingon R&D,...

Revisions of Investment Plans and the Stock Market Rate of Return

Francesca Cornelli, Mark Schankerman

This paper explores the sources of uncertainty that cause firms to revise their capital investment plans and the stock market to revise its valuation of those firms. A simple method is developed to...

Optimal Patent Renewals

When firms have different R&D productivities, it may be welfare increasing to differentiate patent lives across inventions. The reason is that the uniform patent life provides excessive incentives to...

Stylised Fact of Patent Litigation: Value, Scope and Ownership

Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights

This paper investigates the characteristics of litigated patents by combining for the first time information about patent case filings from the U.S. district courts and detailed data from the U.S....

Research Productivity and Patent Quality: Measurement with Multiple Indicators

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978-1999 by linking detailed information from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The...

We analyse the determinants of the decline in measured research productivity (the patent/R&D ratio)using panel data on manufacturing firms in the U.S. for the period 1980-93. We focus on three...

On the welfare effects and political economy of competition-enhancing policies

We show that economic incentives affect the commercial value of inventions generated in universities. Using data for 102 U.S. universities during the period 1991-1999, we find that universities which...

Philippe Aghion, Mark Schankerman

We analyse the welfare effects of policies that intensify product market competition, and the channels through which they operate. Using a circular model of horizontal product differentiation with...

Idiosyncratic and Common Shocks to Investment Decisions

Estimates of the Value of Patent Rights in European Countries during the Post-1950 Period.

We show how microeconomic data on investment plans can be used to study the structure of risk firms face. Revisions of investment plans form a martingale and reveal the underlying shocks driving...

Competition, entry and the social returns to infrastructure in transition economies

Philippe Aghion, Mark Schankerman

Symmetric regulation for competitive telecommunications

Using data on U.S. universities, we show that universities that give higher royalty shares to faculty scientists generate greater license income, controlling for university size, academic quality,...

Research Productivity and Patent Quality: Measurement with Multiple Indicators

Measuring Governance, Corruption and State Capture: How Firms and Bureaucrats Shape the Business Environment in Transition Economies

We analyse the determinants of the decline in measured research productivity (the patent/R&D ratio) using panel data on manufacturing firms in the US for the period 1980-93. We focus on three...

Joel S. Hellman, Geraint Jones, Daniel Kaufmann, Mark Schankerman

Recent studies have focussed on the characteristics and policies of the state to explain the extent and causes of corruption, with little attention paid to the role played by firms. Consequently, the...

Damages and Injunctions in Protecting Proprietary Research Tools

Patent Quality and Research Productivity: Measuring Innovation with Multiple Indicators

We investigate how liability rules and property rules affect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

Jean O. Lanjouw, Mark Schankerman

We analyse the determinants of the decline in research productivity using panel data on manufacturing firms in the US for the period 1980-93. We focus on three factors: the level of demand, the...

Incentives and invention in universities

Damages and Injunctions in Protecting Intellectual Property.

We show that economic incentives affect the number and commercial value of inventions generated in universities. Using panel data for 102 U.S. universities during the period 1991-1999, we find that...

Characteristics of Patent Litigation: A Window on Competition.

We investigate how liability rules and property rules protect intellectual property. Infringement might not be deterred under any of the enforcement regimes available. However, counter-intuitively, a...

Patent Renewals and R&D Incentives

We examine the patenting behavior of firms in an industry characterized by rapid technological change and cumulative innovation. Recent survey evidence suggests that semiconductor firms do not rely...

Francesca Cornelli, Mark Schankerman

In a model with moral hazard and asymmetric information, we show that it can be welfare improving to differentiate patent lives when firms have different R&D productivities. A uniform patent life...

How Valuable is Patent Protection? Estimates by Technology Field

Damages and Injunctions in the Protection of Proprietary Research Tools

I present evidence on the private value of patent rights in France for different technology fields and nationalities of ownership, using nonparametric techniques and a parametric model of patent...

Suzanne Scotchmer, Mark Schankerman

Profit on proprietary research tools is determined partly by the remedies for infringement, such as damages and injunctions. We investigate how damages under a liability rule and the opportunity for...

Damages and Injunctions in Protecting Proprietary Research Tools

Patent Renewals and R&D Incentives

We investigate how liability rules and property rules affect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

Patent Suits: Do They Distort Research Incentives?

In a model with moral hazard and assymmetric information, we show that it can be welfare-improving to differentiate patent lives when firms have different R&D productivities. A uniform patent life...

Lanjouw, Jenny, Schankerman, Mark

This paper shows that the process of enforcing patent rights both dilutes and distorts Research and Development (R&D) incentives. We examine the characteristics of litigated patents by combining, for...

Competition, Entry, and the Social Returns to Infrastructure in Transition Economies

A Model Of Market-Enhancing Infrastructure

This paper presents a simple model for analysing the contribution of investments in physical and institutional infrastructure to the transition process. In addition to the direct cost savings,...

Damages and Injunctions in Protecting Proprietary Research Tools

This paper develops a framework for evaluating the social returns to infrastructure investments that intensify product market competition. We use a circular model with asymmetric production costs...

Idiosyncratic and Common Shocks to Investment Decisions

We investigate how liability rules and property rules affect the incentives to invest in research tools. We argue that it is hard to deter infringement under any of the enforcement regimes available....

Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights

This Paper shows how microeconomic data on investment plans can be used to study the structure of risk faced by firms. Revisions of investment plans form a martingale, and thus reveal the underlying...

Identifying Technology Spillovers and Product Market Rivalry

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978-99 by linking detailed information from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The...

Bloom, Nicholas, Schankerman, Mark, Van Reenen, John

Support for many R&D and technology policies relies on empirical evidence that R&D ‘spills over’ between firms. But there are two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

The Effects of Double-Counting and Expensing on the Measured Returns to R&D.

An Exploration Into the Determinants of Research Intensity

An Alternative Perspective on Econometric Tests of the National Expectations Hypothesis

Frydman, Roman, Schankerman, Mark

Investment in R&D, Costs of Adjustment and Expectations

The Interaction Between Capital Investment and R&D in Science-Based Firms

Incentives and invention in universities

Investment in R&D, Costs of Adjustment and Expectations

We show that universities in the United States that provide stronger royalty incentives to faculty scientists generate greater license income, controlling for university characteristics. We use...

Mark Schankerman, M. Ishaq Nadiri

This paper proposes a framework which integrates convex costs of adjustment and expectations formation in the determination of investment decisions in R&D at the firm level. The model is based on...

How Valuable is Patent Protection? Estimates By Technology Field Using Patent Renewal Data

Revisions and Investment Plans and the Stock Market Rate of Return

This paper presents quantitative estimates of the private value of property rights conferred by patent protection for different technology fields and countries of ownership. The measures are derived...

Stylized Facts of Patent Litigation: Value, Scope and Ownership

This paper explores the sources of uncertainty that cause firms to revise their capital investment plans and the stock market to revise its valuation of those firms. A simple method is developed to...

Jean O. Lanjouw, Mark Schankerman

This paper investigates the characteristics of litigated patents by combining for the first" time information about patent case filings from the U.S. district courts and detailed data from the" U.S....

Damages and Injunctions in the Protection of Proprietary Research Tools

The Quality of Ideas: Measuring Innovation with Multiple Indicators

Profit on proprietary research tools is determined partly by the remedies for infringement, such as damages and injunctions. We investigate how damages under a liability rule and the opportunity for...

Jean O. Lanjouw, Mark Schankerman

We model early expectations about the value and technological importance ('quality') of a patented innovation as a latent variable common to a set of four indicators: the number of patent claims,...

Enforcing Intellectual Property Rights

We study the determinants of patent suits and their outcomes over the period 1978-1999 by linking detailed information from the U.S. patent office, the federal court system, and industry sources. The...

Identifying Technology Spillovers and Product Market Rivalry

We show that economic incentives affect the number and commercial value of inventions generated in universities. Using panel data for 102 U.S. universities during the period 1991-1999, we find that...

Nicholas Bloom, Mark Schankerman, John Van Reenen

Support for R&D subsidies relies on empirical evidence that R&D "spills over" between firms. But firm performance is affected by two countervailing R&D spillovers: positive effects from technology...

Dynamics of R&D and Investment in the Scientific Sector.

Protecting Intellectual Property Rights: Are Small Firms Handicapped?

This paper empirically explores the dynamic interactions among research and development, capital investment, and the stock market performance of 191 firms in science-based industries during the...

Motivation and Sorting in Open Source Software Innovation

This paper studies the determinants of patent suits and settlements during 1978-99 by linking information from the U.S. patent office, the federal courts, and industry sources. We find that...

Patent Thickets and the Market for Innovation: Evidence from Settlement of Patent Disputes

This paper studies the role of intrinsic motivation, reputation and reciprocity in driving opensource software innovation. We exploit the observed pattern of contributions - the 'revealedpreference'...

Alberto Galasso, Mark Schankerman

We study how fragmentation of patent rights ('patent thickets') and the formation of theCourt of Appeal for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) affected the duration of patent disputes, andthus the speed of...

Patent Thickets and the Market for Innovation: Evidence from Settlement of Patent Disputes

Galasso, Alberto, Schankerman, Mark

We study how fragmentation of patent rights (‘patent thickets’) and the formation of the Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) affected the duration of patent disputes, and thus the...

Motivation and Sorting in Open Source Software Innovation

University Knowledge Transfer: Private Ownership, Incentives, and Local Development Objectives

This paper studies the role of intrinsic motivation, reputation and reciprocity in driving open source software innovation. We exploit the observed pattern of contributions - the 'revealed...

Investment in R&D, Costs of Adjustment, and Expectations

We study the impact of private ownership, incentive pay, and local development objectives on university licensing performance. We develop and test a simple contracting model of technology-licensing...

Mark Schankerman, M. Ishaq Nadiri

The Rate of Obsolescence of Patents, Research Gestation Lags, and the Private Rate of Return to Research Resources

An Exploration into the Determinants of Research Intensity

How Valuable is Patent Protection? Estimates by Technology Field Using Patent Renewal Data