Mathuram Santosham

Impact of 4.0% chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord on mortality and omphalitis among newborns of Sylhet, Bangladesh: design of a community-based cluster randomized trial (2009)

Mullany, Luke C, El Arifeen, Shams, Winch, Peter J, Shah, Rasheduzzaman, Mannan, Ishtiaq, Rahman, Syed M, ...

Abstract Background The World Health Organization recommends dry cord care for newborns but this recommendation may not be optimal in low resource settings where most births take place in an unclean...

Gender Differences in Perception and Care-seeking for Illness of Newborns in Rural Uttar Pradesh, India (2009)

Willis, Jeffrey R., Kumar, Vishwajeet, Mohanty, Saroj, Singh, Pramod, Singh, Vivek, Baqui, Abdullah H., ...

Although gender-based health disparities are prevalent in India, very little data are available on care-seeking patterns for newborns. In total, 255 mothers were prospectively interviewed about their...

Determining Gestational Age in a Low-resource Setting: Validity of Last Menstrual Period (2009)

Rosenberg, Rebecca E., Ahmed, Saifuddin, Saha, Samir K., Black, Robert E., ...

The validity of three methods (last menstrual period [LPM], Ballard and Dubowitz scores) for assessment of gestational age for premature infants in a low-resource setting was assessed, using...

Practices of Rural Egyptian Birth Attendants During the Antenatal, Intrapartum and Early Neonatal Periods (2008)

Darmstadt, Gary L., Hussein, Mohamed Hassan, Winch, Peter J., Haws, Rachel A., Gipson, Reginald, Santosham, Mathuram

Neonatal deaths account for almost two-thirds of infant mortality worldwide; most deaths are preventable. Two-thirds of neonatal deaths occur during the first week of life, usually at home. While...

NGO facilitation of a government community-based maternal and neonatal health programme in rural India: improvements in equity (2008)

Baqui, Abdullah H, Rosecrans, Amanda M, Williams, Emma K, Agrawal, Praween K, Ahmed, Saifuddin, Darmstadt, Gary L, ...

Socio-economic disparities in health have been well documented around the world. This study examines whether NGO facilitation of the government's community-based health programme improved the equity...

Risk Factors for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease among Navajo Adults (2007)

Watt, James P., O'Brien, Katherine L., Benin, Andrea L., McCoy, Sandra I., Donaldson, Connie M., Reid, Raymond, ...

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is 3–5 times more common among Navajo adults than in the general US population. The authors conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for IPD among...

A Population-based Study of Hospital Admission Incidence Rate and Bacterial Aetiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections in Children Aged Less Than Five Years in Bangladesh (2007)

Baqui, Abdullah H., Rahman, Mahbubur, Zaman, K., El Arifeen, Shams, Chowdhury, Hafizur Rahman, Begum, Nazma, ...

The research was carried out to study the rate of population-based hospital admissions due to acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) and bacterial aetiology of ALRIs in children aged less than...

SHORT REPORT - Acceptability of Massage with Skin Barrier-enhancing Emollients in Young Neonates in Bangladesh (2007)

Saha, Samir K., Law, Paul A., Black, Robert E., Santosham, Mathuram, ...

Oil massage of newborns has been practised for generations in the Indian sub-continent; however, oils may vary from potentially beneficial, e.g. sunflower seed oil, to potentially toxic, e.g. mustard...

A population-based study of hospital admission incidence rate and bacterial aetiology of acute lower respiratory infections in children aged less than five years in Bangladesh (2007)

Baqui, Abdullah H., Rahman, Mahbubur, Zaman, K., Arifeen, Shams El, Chowdhury, Hafizur Rahman, Begum, Nazma, ...

The research was carried out to study the rate of population-based hospital admissions due to acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) and bacterial aetiology of ALRIs in children aged less than...

Trends in Use of Referral Hospital Services for Care of Sick Newborns in a Community-based Intervention in Tangail District, Bangladesh (2007)

Bari, Sanwarul, Mannan, Ishtiaq, Rahman, Mohammed Anisur, Darmstadt, Gary L., Seraji, M. Habibur R., Baqui, Abdullah H., ...

The Projahnmo-II Project in Mirzapur upazila (sub-district), Tangail district, Bangladesh, is promot­ing care-seeking for sick newborns through health education of families, identification and...

Zinc therapy for diarrhoea increased the use of oral rehydration therapy and reduced the use of antibiotics in Bangladeshi children (2007)

Baqui, Abdullah H., Black, Robert E., Arifeen, Shams El, Yunus, Mohammad, Zaman, K., Begum, Nazma, ...

Excessive use of antibiotics for diarrhoea is a major contributing factor towards increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Zinc therapy for diarrhoea has been shown to be...

Trends in Use of Referral Hospital Services for Care of Sick Newborns in a Community-based Intervention in Tangail District, Bangladesh (2007)

Bari, Sanwarul, Mannan, Ishtiaq, Rahman, Mohammed Anisur, Darmstadt, Gary L., Habibur, M., Seraji, R., ...

The Projahnmo-II Project in Mirzapur upazila (sub-district), Tangail district, Bangladesh, is promot­ing care-seeking for sick newborns through health education of families, identification and...

The Effect of Zinc Supplementation During Pregnancy on Immune Response to Hib and BCG Vaccines in Bangladesh (2006)

Osendarp, Saskia J. M., Fuchs, George J., Mahmud, Hasan, Tofail, Fahmida, Black, Robert E., ...

An essential role for zinc in development of the fetal immune system has been documented. However, the effect of antenatal zinc supplementation on infants’ postnatal immune response to vaccinations...

The Effect of Zinc Supplementation During Pregnancy on Immune Response to Hib and BCG Vaccines in Bangladesh (2006)

Osendarp, Saskia J. M., Fuchs, George J., Mahmud, Hasan, Tofail, Fahmida, Black, Robert E., ...

An essential role for zinc in development of the fetal immune system has been documented. However, the effect of antenatal zinc supplementation on infants’ postnatal immune response to vaccinations...

The Effect of Zinc Supplementation During Pregnancy on Immune Response to Hib and BCG Vaccines in Bangladesh (2006)

Osendarp, Saskia J. M., Fuchs, George J., Mahmud, Hasan, Tofail, Fahmida, Black, Robert E., ...

An essential role for zinc in development of the fetal immune system has been documented. However, the effect of antenatal zinc supplementation on infants’ postnatal immune response to vaccinations...

Potential Impact of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccines on Pediatric Pneumococcal Diseases (2004)

O’Brien, Katherine L., Santosham, Mathuram

Children younger than age 2 years have the highest rates of invasive pneumococcal disease and play an important role in its transmission. In the United States, seven pneumococcal serotypes cause...

Epidemiology of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae among Navajo Children in the Era before Use of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccines, 1989-1996 (2004)

O’Brien, Katherine L., Shaw, Jana, Weatherholtz, Robert, Reid, Raymond, Watt, James, Croll, Janne, ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of invasive bacterial disease among children worldwide. The authors aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, and serotype...

Estimation of the indirect effect of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in an American Indian population (2000)

Moulton, Lawrence H, Chung, Shang-en, Croll, Janné, Reid, Raymond, Weatherholtz, Robert C, Santosham, Mathuram

Background Oropharyngeal carriage studies of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and the rapid drop in Hib invasive disease in countries with widespread Hib conjugate vaccine immunization programmes...

Effect of diarrhea on the humoral response to oral polio vaccination (1996)

Myaux, Jacques A., Unicomb, Leanne, Besser, Richard E., Modlin, John F., Uzma, A., Islam, Aminul M., ...

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of concurrent diarrheal illness on seroconversion to trivalent oral polio vaccine (OPV). METHODS: Six- to 16-week-old infants with acute diarrhea...

Case-Cohort Analysis of Case-Coverage Studies of Vaccine Effectiveness (1995)

Moulton, Lawrence H., Wolff, Mark C., Brenneman, George, Santosham, Mathuram

Evaluation of vaccine field effectiveness may be performed by combining surveillance data on incident cases with an immunization coverage survey. Although many methods have been used for the analysis...

Rotavirus Diarrhoea in Apache Children: A Case-Control Study (1990)

MENON, SRIKUMAR, SANTOSHAM, MATHURAM, REID, RAYMOND, ALMEIDO-HILL, JEANNE, SACK, R BRADLEY, COMSTOCK, GEORGE W

Menon S (Division of Geographic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA), Santosham M, Reid R, Almeido-Hill J, Sack R B and Comstock G W. Rotavirus...

Rapid Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Blood: Implications for Therapy

Saha, Samir K., Darmstadt, Gary L., Baqui, Abdullah H., Hanif, M., Ruhulamin, M., Santosham, Mathuram, ...

The turnaround time (TAT) for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi identification and reporting of the antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined for 391 cases of typhoid fever, using the lysis...

Transient and Persistent Helicobacter pylori Colonization in Native American Children

Pérez-Pérez, Guillermo I., Sack, R. Bradley, Reid, Raymond, Santosham, Mathuram, Croll, Janne, Blaser, Martin J.

Helicobacter pylori is chiefly acquired in childhood, but the exact timing of acquisition is not well understood. The main goal of this study was to assess H. pylori acquisition in a pediatric...

Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Serotype Composition of Carriage and Invasive Pneumococci among Bangladeshi Children: Implications for Treatment Policy and Vaccine Formulation

Saha, Samir K., Baqui, Abdullah H., Darmstadt, Gary L., Ruhulamin, M., Hanif, Mohammed, El Arifeen, Shams, ...

The nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is thought to pose a risk for invasive pneumococcal diseases, and the evaluation of carriage strains is thus often used to inform antibiotic...

Nasopharyngeal versus Oropharyngeal Sampling for Detection of Pneumococcal Carriage in Adults

Watt, James P., O'Brien, Katherine L., Katz, Scott, Bronsdon, Melinda A., Elliott, John, Dallas, Jean, ...

Several studies have shown that nasopharyngeal sampling is more sensitive than oropharyngeal sampling for the detection of pneumococcal carriage in children. The data for adults are limited and...

Rapid Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Blood: Implications for Therapy

Saha, Samir K., Darmstadt, Gary L., Baqui, Abdullah H., Hanif, M., Ruhulamin, M., Santosham, Mathuram, ...

The turnaround time (TAT) for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi identification and reporting of the antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined for 391 cases of typhoid fever, using the lysis...

Transient and Persistent Helicobacter pylori Colonization in Native American Children

Pérez-Pérez, Guillermo I., Sack, R. Bradley, Reid, Raymond, Santosham, Mathuram, Croll, Janne, Blaser, Martin J.

Helicobacter pylori is chiefly acquired in childhood, but the exact timing of acquisition is not well understood. The main goal of this study was to assess H. pylori acquisition in a pediatric...

Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Serotype Composition of Carriage and Invasive Pneumococci among Bangladeshi Children: Implications for Treatment Policy and Vaccine Formulation

Saha, Samir K., Baqui, Abdullah H., Darmstadt, Gary L., Ruhulamin, M., Hanif, Mohammed, El Arifeen, Shams, ...

The nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is thought to pose a risk for invasive pneumococcal diseases, and the evaluation of carriage strains is thus often used to inform antibiotic...

Nasopharyngeal versus Oropharyngeal Sampling for Detection of Pneumococcal Carriage in Adults

Watt, James P., O'Brien, Katherine L., Katz, Scott, Bronsdon, Melinda A., Elliott, John, Dallas, Jean, ...

Several studies have shown that nasopharyngeal sampling is more sensitive than oropharyngeal sampling for the detection of pneumococcal carriage in children. The data for adults are limited and...

Molecular Basis of Resistance Displayed by Highly Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh

Saha, Samir K., Darmstadt, Gary L., Baqui, Abdullah H., Crook, Derrick W., Islam, M. Nurul, Islam, Maksuda, ...

Highly ciprofloxacin-resistant (MIC, 512 μg/ml) strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were isolated from the blood of typhoid patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The strains were indistinguishable...

Association of the Pneumococcal Pilus with Certain Capsular Serotypes but Not with Increased Virulence▿

Basset, Alan, Trzcinski, Krzysztof, Hermos, Christina, O'Brien, Katherine L., Reid, Raymond, Santosham, Mathuram, ...

The recent discovery of a mobile genetic element encoding a pilus-like structure in Streptococcus pneumoniae and the demonstration of a role for the pilus in virulence in mice have led to the...

Chloramphenicol versus ampicillin plus gentamicin for community acquired very severe pneumonia among children aged 2-59 months in low resource settings: multicentre randomised controlled trial (SPEAR study)

Asghar, Rai, Banajeh, Salem, Egas, Josefina, Hibberd, Patricia, Iqbal, Imran, Katep-Bwalya, Mary, ...

Objective To evaluate whether five days’ treatment with injectable ampicillin plus gentamicin compared with chloramphenicol reduces treatment failure in children aged 2-59 months with community...

Setting Research Priorities To Reduce Global Mortality from Childhood Diarrhoea by 2015

Fontaine, Olivier, Kosek, Margaret, Bhatnagar, Shinjini, Boschi-Pinto, Cynthia, Chan, Kit Yee, Duggan, Christopher, ...

Olivier Fontaine and colleagues applied a priority-setting methodology to identify research priorities aimed at reducing global diarrhea mortality by 2015.