The rate of cell growth is governed by cell cycle stage (2009)
Goranov, Alexi I., Cook, Michael, Ricicova, Marketa, Ben-Ari, Giora, Gonzalez, Christian, Hansen, Carl, ...
Cell growth is an essential requirement for cell cycle progression. While it is often held that growth is independent of cell cycle position, this relationship has not been closely scrutinized. Here...
The coupling of environmental conditions to cell growth and division is integral to cell fitness. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factor Sfp1 couples nutrient status to cell growth...
344 Review TRENDS in Cell Biology Vol.13 No.7 July 2003 (2008)
Gary D. Bader, Adrian Heilbut, Brenda Andrews, Mike Tyers, Timothy Hughes, Charles Boone
Functional genomics and proteomics: charting a multidimensional map of the yeast cell q
Tyers M: The GRID: the General Repository for Interaction Datasets (2008)
Chris Stark, Bobby-joe Breitkreutz, Teresa Reguly, Lorrie Boucher, Ashton Breitkreutz, Mike Tyers
Access to unified datasets of protein and genetic interactions is critical for interrogation of gene/ protein function and analysis of global network properties. BioGRID is a freely accessible...
BMC Biology BioMed Central (2008)
Samuel Kerrien, Ra Orchard, Luisa Montecchi-palazzi, Bruno Ar, Antony F Quinn, Nisha Vinod, ...
Software Broadening the horizon – level 2.5 of the HUPO-PSI format for
The BioGRID Interaction Database: 2008 update (2008)
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Reguly, Teresa, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Livstone, Michael, ...
The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) database (http://www.thebiogrid.org) was developed to house and distribute collections of protein and genetic interactions from...
Broadening the horizon – level 2.5 of the HUPO-PSI format for molecular interactions (2007)
Kerrien, Samuel, Orchard, Sandra, Montecchi-Palazzi, Luisa, Aranda, Bruno, Quinn, Antony F, Vinod, Nisha, ...
Abstract Background Molecular interaction Information is a key resource in modern biomedical research. Publicly available data have previously been provided in a broad array of diverse formats,...
Structure-Templated Predictions of Novel Protein Interactions from Sequence Information (2007)
Doron Betel, Kevin E. Breitkreuz, Ruth Isserlin, Danielle Dewar-Darch, Mike Tyers
The multitude of functions performed in the cell are largely controlled by a set of carefully orchestrated protein interactions often facilitated by specific binding of conserved domains in the...
Still Stratus Not Altocumulus: Further Evidence against the Date/Party Hub Distinction (2007)
Nizar N. Batada, Teresa Reguly, Ashton Breitkreutz, Lorrie Boucher, Bobby-Joe Breitkreutz, Laurence D. Hurst, ...
Stratus Not Altocumulus: A New View of the Yeast Protein Interaction Network (2006)
Nizar N. Batada, Teresa Reguly, Ashton Breitkreutz, Lorrie Boucher, Bobby-Joe Breitkreutz, Laurence D. Hurst, ...
Systems biology approaches can reveal intermediary levels of organization between genotype and phenotype that often underlie biological phenomena such as polygenic effects and protein dispensability....
Evolutionary and Physiological Importance of Hub Proteins (2006)
Nizar N. Batada, Laurence D. Hurst, Mike Tyers
It has been claimed that proteins with more interaction partners (hubs) are both physiologically more important (i.e., less dispensable) and, owing to an assumed high density of binding sites, slow...
Reguly, Teresa, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Hon, Gary C, Myers, Chad L, ...
Abstract Background The study of complex biological networks and prediction of gene function has been enabled by high-throughput (HTP) methods for detection of genetic and protein interactions....
Evolutionary and physiological importance of hub proteins (2006)
Nizar N. Batada, Laurence D Hurst, Mike Tyers
It has been claimed that proteins with more interaction partners (hubs) are both physiologically more important (i.e. less dispensable) and, owing to an assumed high-density of binding sites, slow...
BioGRID: a general repository for interaction datasets (2006)
Stark, Chris, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Reguly, Teresa, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Tyers, Mike
Access to unified datasets of protein and genetic interactions is critical for interrogation of gene/protein function and analysis of global network properties. BioGRID is a freely accessible...
Jorgensen, Paul, Rupes, Ivan, Sharom, Jeffrey R., Schneper, Lisa, Broach, James R., Tyers, Mike
Cell-size homeostasis entails a fundamental balance between growth and division. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae establishes this balance by enforcing growth to a critical cell size prior...
Jorgensen, Paul, Rupes, Ivan, Sharom, Jeffrey R., Schneper, Lisa, Broach, James R., Tyers, Mike
Cell-size homeostasis entails a fundamental balance between growth and division. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae establishes this balance by enforcing growth to a critical cell size prior...
Jorgensen, Paul, Rupes, Ivan, Sharom, Jeffrey R., Schneper, Lisa, Broach, James R., Tyers, Mike
Cell-size homeostasis entails a fundamental balance between growth and division. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae establishes this balance by enforcing growth to a critical cell size prior...
Osprey: a network visualization system (2003)
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Tyers, Mike
Abstract We have developed a software platform called Osprey for visualization and manipulation of complex interaction networks. Osprey builds data-rich graphical representations that are color-coded...
The GRID: The General Repository for Interaction Datasets (2003)
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Tyers, Mike
Abstract We have developed a relational database, called the General Repository for Interaction Datasets (The GRID) to archive and display physical, genetic and functional interactions. The GRID...
Software Osprey: a network visualization system (2003)
Bobby-joe Breitkreutz, Chris Stark, Mike Tyers
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at
Osprey: A Network Visualization System (2002)
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Tyers, Mike
Abstract We have developed a software platform called Osprey for visualization and manipulation of complex interaction networks. Osprey builds data-rich graphical representations that are color-coded...
The GRID: The General Repository for Interaction Datasets (2002)
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Tyers, Mike
Abstract We have developed a relational database, called the General Repository for Interaction Datasets (The GRID; http://biodata.mshri.on.ca/grid ) to archive and display physical, genetic and...
Ubiquitin junction, what's your function? (2001)
A report on the Ubiquitin and Intracellular Protein Degradation FASEB summer conference, Saxtons River, USA, 23-28 June 2001.
AFM 4.0: a toolbox for DNA microarray analysis (2001)
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Jorgensen, Paul, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Tyers, Mike
Abstract We have developed a series of programs, collectively packaged as Array File Maker 4.0 (AFM), that manipulate and manage DNA microarray data. AFM 4.0 is simple to use, applicable to any...
The fork'ed path to mitosis (2000)
Abstract A concurrence of genomic, reverse genetic and biochemical approaches has cracked the decade-long enigma concerning the identity of the transcription factors that control gene expression at...
Patton, E. Elizabeth, Willems, Andrew R., Sa, Danne, Kuras, Laurent, Thomas, Dominique, Craig, Karen L., ...
Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression by Swe1p and Hog1p Following Hypertonic Stress
Alexander, Matthew R., Tyers, Mike, Perret, Mireille, Craig, B. Maureen, Fang, Karen S., Gustin, Michael C.
Exposure of yeast cells to an increase in external osmolarity induces a temporary growth arrest. Recovery from this stress is mediated by the accumulation of intracellular glycerol and the...
A concurrence of genomic, reverse genetic and biochemical approaches has cracked the decade-long enigma concerning the identity of the transcription factors that control gene expression at the G2/M...
Ubiquitin junction, what's your function?
A report on the Ubiquitin and Intracellular Protein Degradation FASEB summer conference, Saxtons River, USA, 23-28 June 2001.
AFM 4.0: a toolbox for DNA microarray analysis
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Jorgensen, Paul, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Tyers, Mike
We have developed a series of programs, collectively packaged as Array File Maker 4.0 (AFM), that manipulate and manage DNA microarray data. AFM 4.0 is simple to use, applicable to any organism or...
Osprey: a network visualization system
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Tyers, Mike
A software platform called Osprey has been developed for visualization and manipulation of complex interaction networks.
The GRID: The General Repository for Interaction Datasets
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Tyers, Mike
A relational database, called the General Repository for Interaction Datasets (The GRID) has been developed to archive and display physical, genetic and functional interactions.
Regulation of the Yeast Amphiphysin Homologue Rvs167p by Phosphorylation
Friesen, Helena, Murphy, Kelly, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Tyers, Mike, Andrews, Brenda
The yeast amphiphysin homologue Rvs167p plays a role in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, and sporulation. Rvs167p is a phosphoprotein in vegetatively growing cells and shows...
Rouillon, Astrid, Barbey, Régine, Patton, E.Elizabeth, Tyers, Mike, Thomas, Dominique
Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCFMet30 ubiquitin–protein ligase controls cell cycle function and sulfur amino acid metabolism. We report here that the SCFMet30 complex mediates the transcriptional...
SCFMet30-mediated control of the transcriptional activator Met4 is required for the G1–S transition
Patton, E.Elizabeth, Peyraud, Caroline, Rouillon, Astrid, Surdin-Kerjan, Yolande, Tyers, Mike, Thomas, Dominique
Progression through the cell cycle requires the coord– ination of basal metabolism with the cell cycle and growth machinery. Repression of the sulfur gene network is mediated by the ubiquitin...
Patton, E. Elizabeth, Willems, Andrew R., Sa, Danne, Kuras, Laurent, Thomas, Dominique, Craig, Karen L., ...
In budding yeast, ubiquitination of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor Sic1 is catalyzed by the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Cdc34 in conjunction with an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex...
Jorgensen, Paul, Rupeš, Ivan, Sharom, Jeffrey R., Schneper, Lisa, Broach, James R., Tyers, Mike
Cell-size homeostasis entails a fundamental balance between growth and division. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae establishes this balance by enforcing growth to a critical cell size prior...
Barbey, Régine, Baudouin-Cornu, Peggy, Lee, Traci A, Rouillon, Astrid, Zarzov, Patrick, Tyers, Mike, ...
Activity of the Met4 transcription factor is antagonized by the SCFMet30 ubiquitin ligase by degradation-dependent and degradation-independent mechanisms, in minimal and rich nutrient conditions,...
The Dual-Specificity Phosphatase CDC14B Bundles and Stabilizes Microtubules†
Cho, Hyekyung P., Liu, Yie, Gomez, Marla, Dunlap, John, Tyers, Mike, Wang, Yisong
The Cdc14 dual-specificity phosphatases regulate key events in the eukaryotic cell cycle. However, little is known about the function of mammalian CDC14B family members. Here, we demonstrate that...
BioGRID: a general repository for interaction datasets
Stark, Chris, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Reguly, Teresa, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Tyers, Mike
Access to unified datasets of protein and genetic interactions is critical for interrogation of gene/protein function and analysis of global network properties. BioGRID is a freely accessible...
Evolutionary and Physiological Importance of Hub Proteins
Batada, Nizar N, Hurst, Laurence D, Tyers, Mike
It has been claimed that proteins with more interaction partners (hubs) are both physiologically more important (i.e., less dispensable) and, owing to an assumed high density of binding sites, slow...
Uncovering Novel Cell Cycle Players Through the Inactivation of Securin in Budding Yeast
Sarin, Sumeet, Ross, Karen E., Boucher, Lorrie, Green, Yvette, Tyers, Mike, Cohen-Fix, Orna
Budding yeast securin/Pds1p, an inhibitor of the anaphase activator separase/Esp1p, is involved in several checkpoint pathways and in promoting Esp1p's nuclear localization. Using a modified...
High-resolution genetic mapping with ordered arrays of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants.
Jorgensen, Paul, Nelson, Bryce, Robinson, Mark D, Chen, Yiqun, Andrews, Brenda, Tyers, Mike, ...
We present a method for high-resolution genetic mapping that takes advantage of the ordered set of viable gene deletion mutants, which form a set of colinear markers covering almost every centimorgan...
Breitkreutz, Ashton, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Sultan, Mujahid, Jurisica, Igor, Tyers, Mike
The yeast pheromone/filamentous growth MAPK pathway mediates both mating and invasive-growth responses. The interface between this MAPK module and the transcriptional machinery consists of a network...
Comprehensive curation and analysis of global interaction networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Reguly, Teresa, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Hon, Gary C, Myers, Chad L, ...
Stratus Not Altocumulus: A New View of the Yeast Protein Interaction Network
Batada, Nizar N, Reguly, Teresa, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Hurst, Laurence D, ...
Systems biology approaches can reveal intermediary levels of organization between genotype and phenotype that often underlie biological phenomena such as polygenic effects and protein dispensability....
Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression by Swe1p and Hog1p Following Hypertonic Stress
Alexander, Matthew R., Tyers, Mike, Perret, Mireille, Craig, B. Maureen, Fang, Karen S., Gustin, Michael C.
Exposure of yeast cells to an increase in external osmolarity induces a temporary growth arrest. Recovery from this stress is mediated by the accumulation of intracellular glycerol and the...
A concurrence of genomic, reverse genetic and biochemical approaches has cracked the decade-long enigma concerning the identity of the transcription factors that control gene expression at the G2/M...
Ubiquitin junction, what's your function?
A report on the Ubiquitin and Intracellular Protein Degradation FASEB summer conference, Saxtons River, USA, 23-28 June 2001.
AFM 4.0: a toolbox for DNA microarray analysis
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Jorgensen, Paul, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Tyers, Mike
We have developed a series of programs, collectively packaged as Array File Maker 4.0 (AFM), that manipulate and manage DNA microarray data. AFM 4.0 is simple to use, applicable to any organism or...
Osprey: a network visualization system
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Tyers, Mike
A software platform called Osprey has been developed for visualization and manipulation of complex interaction networks.
The GRID: The General Repository for Interaction Datasets
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Tyers, Mike
A relational database, called the General Repository for Interaction Datasets (The GRID) has been developed to archive and display physical, genetic and functional interactions.
Regulation of the Yeast Amphiphysin Homologue Rvs167p by Phosphorylation
Friesen, Helena, Murphy, Kelly, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Tyers, Mike, Andrews, Brenda
The yeast amphiphysin homologue Rvs167p plays a role in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, endocytosis, and sporulation. Rvs167p is a phosphoprotein in vegetatively growing cells and shows...
Rouillon, Astrid, Barbey, Régine, Patton, E.Elizabeth, Tyers, Mike, Thomas, Dominique
Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCFMet30 ubiquitin–protein ligase controls cell cycle function and sulfur amino acid metabolism. We report here that the SCFMet30 complex mediates the transcriptional...
SCFMet30-mediated control of the transcriptional activator Met4 is required for the G1–S transition
Patton, E.Elizabeth, Peyraud, Caroline, Rouillon, Astrid, Surdin-Kerjan, Yolande, Tyers, Mike, Thomas, Dominique
Progression through the cell cycle requires the coord– ination of basal metabolism with the cell cycle and growth machinery. Repression of the sulfur gene network is mediated by the ubiquitin...
Patton, E. Elizabeth, Willems, Andrew R., Sa, Danne, Kuras, Laurent, Thomas, Dominique, Craig, Karen L., ...
In budding yeast, ubiquitination of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor Sic1 is catalyzed by the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme Cdc34 in conjunction with an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex...
Jorgensen, Paul, Rupeš, Ivan, Sharom, Jeffrey R., Schneper, Lisa, Broach, James R., Tyers, Mike
Cell-size homeostasis entails a fundamental balance between growth and division. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae establishes this balance by enforcing growth to a critical cell size prior...
Barbey, Régine, Baudouin-Cornu, Peggy, Lee, Traci A, Rouillon, Astrid, Zarzov, Patrick, Tyers, Mike, ...
Activity of the Met4 transcription factor is antagonized by the SCFMet30 ubiquitin ligase by degradation-dependent and degradation-independent mechanisms, in minimal and rich nutrient conditions,...
The Dual-Specificity Phosphatase CDC14B Bundles and Stabilizes Microtubules†
Cho, Hyekyung P., Liu, Yie, Gomez, Marla, Dunlap, John, Tyers, Mike, Wang, Yisong
The Cdc14 dual-specificity phosphatases regulate key events in the eukaryotic cell cycle. However, little is known about the function of mammalian CDC14B family members. Here, we demonstrate that...
BioGRID: a general repository for interaction datasets
Stark, Chris, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Reguly, Teresa, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Tyers, Mike
Access to unified datasets of protein and genetic interactions is critical for interrogation of gene/protein function and analysis of global network properties. BioGRID is a freely accessible...
Uncovering Novel Cell Cycle Players Through the Inactivation of Securin in Budding Yeast
Sarin, Sumeet, Ross, Karen E., Boucher, Lorrie, Green, Yvette, Tyers, Mike, Cohen-Fix, Orna
Budding yeast securin/Pds1p, an inhibitor of the anaphase activator separase/Esp1p, is involved in several checkpoint pathways and in promoting Esp1p's nuclear localization. Using a modified...
High-resolution genetic mapping with ordered arrays of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants.
Jorgensen, Paul, Nelson, Bryce, Robinson, Mark D, Chen, Yiqun, Andrews, Brenda, Tyers, Mike, ...
We present a method for high-resolution genetic mapping that takes advantage of the ordered set of viable gene deletion mutants, which form a set of colinear markers covering almost every centimorgan...
Breitkreutz, Ashton, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Sultan, Mujahid, Jurisica, Igor, Tyers, Mike
The yeast pheromone/filamentous growth MAPK pathway mediates both mating and invasive-growth responses. The interface between this MAPK module and the transcriptional machinery consists of a network...
Evolutionary and Physiological Importance of Hub Proteins
Batada, Nizar N, Hurst, Laurence D, Tyers, Mike
It has been claimed that proteins with more interaction partners (hubs) are both physiologically more important (i.e., less dispensable) and, owing to an assumed high density of binding sites, slow...
Comprehensive curation and analysis of global interaction networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Reguly, Teresa, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Hon, Gary C, Myers, Chad L, ...
Stratus Not Altocumulus: A New View of the Yeast Protein Interaction Network
Batada, Nizar N, Reguly, Teresa, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Hurst, Laurence D, ...
Systems biology approaches can reveal intermediary levels of organization between genotype and phenotype that often underlie biological phenomena such as polygenic effects and protein dispensability....
Blake, Deborah, Luke, Brian, Kanellis, Pamela, Jorgensen, Paul, Goh, Theo, Penfold, Sonya, ...
The maintenance of DNA replication fork stability under conditions of DNA damage and at natural replication pause sites is essential for genome stability. Here, we describe a novel role for the F-box...
Still Stratus Not Altocumulus: Further Evidence against the Date/Party Hub Distinction
Batada, Nizar N, Reguly, Teresa, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Hurst, Laurence D, ...
Analysis of multi-validated protein interaction data reveals networks with greater interconnectivity than the more segregated structures seen in previously available data. To help visualize this, the...
Structure-Templated Predictions of Novel Protein Interactions from Sequence Information
Betel, Doron, Breitkreuz, Kevin E, Isserlin, Ruth, Dewar-Darch, Danielle, Tyers, Mike, Hogue, Christopher W. V
The multitude of functions performed in the cell are largely controlled by a set of carefully orchestrated protein interactions often facilitated by specific binding of conserved domains in the...
Luke-Glaser, Sarah, Roy, Marcia, Larsen, Brett, Le Bihan, Thierry, Metalnikov, Pavel, Tyers, Mike, ...
The COP9/signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved macromolecular complex that regulates the cullin-RING ligase (CRL) class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, primarily by removing the ubiquitin-like...
The Size of the Nucleus Increases as Yeast Cells Grow
Jorgensen, Paul, Edgington, Nicholas P., Schneider, Brandt L., Rupeš, Ivan, Tyers, Mike, Futcher, Bruce
It is not known how the volume of the cell nucleus is set, nor how the ratio of nuclear volume to cell volume (N/C) is determined. Here, we have measured the size of the nucleus in growing cells of...
Polyelectrostatic interactions of disordered ligands suggest a physical basis for ultrasensitivity
Borg, Mikael, Mittag, Tanja, Pawson, Tony, Tyers, Mike, Forman-Kay, Julie D., Chan, Hue Sun
Regulation of biological processes often involves phosphorylation of intrinsically disordered protein regions, thereby modulating protein interactions. Initiation of DNA replication in yeast requires...
Broadening the horizon – level 2.5 of the HUPO-PSI format for molecular interactions
Kerrien, Samuel, Orchard, Sandra, Montecchi-Palazzi, Luisa, Aranda, Bruno, Quinn, Antony F, Vinod, Nisha, ...
The BioGRID Interaction Database: 2008 update
Breitkreutz, Bobby-Joe, Stark, Chris, Reguly, Teresa, Boucher, Lorrie, Breitkreutz, Ashton, Livstone, Michael, ...
The Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets (BioGRID) database (http://www.thebiogrid.org) was developed to house and distribute collections of protein and genetic interactions from...
Off-Target Effects of Psychoactive Drugs Revealed by Genome-Wide Assays in Yeast
Ericson, Elke, Gebbia, Marinella, Heisler, Lawrence E., Wildenhain, Jan, Tyers, Mike, Giaever, Guri, ...
To better understand off-target effects of widely prescribed psychoactive drugs, we performed a comprehensive series of chemogenomic screens using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a...
CNK and HYP form a discrete dimer by their SAM domains to mediate RAF kinase signaling
Rajakulendran, Thanashan, Sahmi, Malha, Kurinov, Igor, Tyers, Mike, Therrien, Marc, Sicheri, Frank
RAF kinase functions in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway to transmit growth signals to the downstream kinases MEK and ERK. Activation of RAF catalytic activity is facilitated by a...
Dynamic equilibrium engagement of a polyvalent ligand with a single-site receptor
Mittag, Tanja, Orlicky, Stephen, Choy, Wing-Yiu, Tang, Xiaojing, Lin, Hong, Sicheri, Frank, ...
Intrinsically disordered proteins play critical but often poorly understood roles in mediating protein interactions. The interactions of disordered proteins studied to date typically entail...
Olma, Michael Hans, Roy, Marcia, Le Bihan, Thierry, Sumara, Izabela, Maerki, Sarah, Larsen, Brett, ...
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved macromolecular complex that interacts with cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) and regulates their activity by hydrolyzing cullin-Nedd8 conjugates....