Nora D. Volkow

Substance Use Disorders in Schizophrenia--Clinical Implications of Comorbidity (2009)

Volkow, Nora D.

Nearly half of the people suffering from schizophrenia also present with a lifetime history of substance use disorders (SUD), a rate that is much higher than the one seen among unaffected...

Hidden Markov Models and Dynamically Multi-Linked HMMs (DML- (2008)

Lei Zhang, Dimitris Samaras, Nelly Alia-klein, Nora D. Volkow, Rita Z. Goldstein

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has enabled scientists to look into the active brain. However, interactivity between functional brain regions, is still little studied. In this paper, we...

Therapeutic Doses of Oral Methylphenidate Significantly Increase Extracellular Dopamine in the (2008)

Human Brain, Nora D. Volkow, Gene-jack Wang, Joanna S. Fowler, Jean Logan, Madina Gerasimov, ...

Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the most commonly prescribed psychoactive drug in children for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), yet the mechanisms responsible for its...

PsychiatryRsych (2007)

Ch Neuroimaging See, Nora D. Volkow, Wei Zhu, Christoph A. Felder, Klaus Mueller, Tomihisa F. Welsh, ...

Imaging studies have reported marked reductions in brain glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, less is known about disruptions in the patterns of brain metabolic activity....

Decreased brain dopaminergic transporters in HIV-associated dementia patients (2004)

Wang, Gene-Jack, Chang, Linda, Volkow, Nora D., Telang, Frank, Logan, Jean, Ernst, Thomas, ...

Summary HIV has a propensity to invade subcortical regions of the brain, which may lead to a subcortical dementia termed HIV-cognitive motor complex. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether dopamine...

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ETHANOL-INDUCED CHANGES IN BRAIN REGIONAL METABOLISM AND ITS MOTOR, BEHAVIOURAL AND COGNITIVE EFFECTS (2004)

Zhu, Wei, Volkow, Nora D., Ma, Yeming, Fowler, Joanna S., Wang, Gene-Jack

Aims and Methods: Acute alcohol administration induces marked decreases in glucose metabolism throughout the human brain. However, the relationship between alcohol's effects on brain metabolism and...

Decreased brain dopaminergic transporters in HIV-associated dementia patients (2004)

Wang, Gene-Jack, Chang, Linda, Volkow, Nora D., Telang, Frank, Logan, Jean, Ernst, Thomas, ...

HIV has a propensity to invade subcortical regions of the brain, which may lead to a subcortical dementia termed HIV-cognitive motor complex. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether dopamine (DA) D2...

Decreased brain dopaminergic transporters in HIV-associated dementia patients (2004)

Wang, Gene-Jack, Chang, Linda, Volkow, Nora D., Telang, Frank, Logan, Jean, Ernst, Thomas, ...

Summary HIV has a propensity to invade subcortical regions of the brain, which may lead to a subcortical dementia termed HIV-cognitive motor complex. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether dopamine...

Neuroscience Networks (2003)

Thomas R. Insel, Nora D. Volkow, Ting-Kai Li, James F. Battey, Story C. Landis

To study the brain from molecules to behaviour, neuroscientists face the challenge of communicating an emerging wealth of information in coherent accessible forms.

Addiction, a Disease of Compulsion and Drive: Involvement of the Orbitofrontal Cortex (2000)

Volkow, Nora D., Fowler, Joanna S.

Understanding the changes in the brain which occur in the transition from normal to addictive behavior has major implications in public health. Here we postulate that while reward circuits (nucleus...

A novel strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Synapse 30:119–129 (1998)

Stephen L. Dewey, Alexander E. Morgan, Charles R. Ashby, Bryan Horan, Stephanie A. Kushner, Jean Logan, ...

KEY WORDS gamma vinyl-GABA (Vigabatrin); cocaine; treatment; conditioned place preference; positron emission tomography; microdialysis; selfadministration ABSTRACT Cocaine’s addictive liability has...

Imaging the functioning human brain

Weng, Xuchu, Ding, Yu-Shin, Volkow, Nora D.

One of the most exciting methodological advances for brain research field arises in functional brain imaging, which enables us to localize and characterize neural activity and biochemical events in...

Low monoamine oxidase B in peripheral organs in smokers

Fowler, Joanna S., Logan, Jean, Wang, Gene-Jack, Volkow, Nora D., Telang, Frank, Zhu, Wei, ...

One of the major mechanisms for terminating the actions of catecholamines and vasoactive dietary amines is oxidation by monoamine oxidase (MAO). Smokers have been shown to have reduced levels of...

Neuroscience Networks: Data-sharing in an Information Age

Insel, Thomas R, Volkow, Nora D, Li, Ting-Kai, Battey, James F, Landis, Story C

To study the brain from molecules to behaviour, neuroscientists face the challenge of communicating an emerging wealth of information in coherent accessible forms

Severity of neuropsychological impairment in cocaine and alcohol addiction: association with metabolism in the prefrontal cortex

Goldstein, Rita Z., Leskovjan, Andreana C., Hoff, Anne L., Hitzemann, Robert, Bashan, Francine, Khalsa, Sahib Singh, ...

We used exploratory and confirmatory statistical approaches to study the severity of neuropsychological (NP) impairment in 42 crack/cocaine addicted subjects and in 112 comparison subjects (40...

Role of Dopamine, the Frontal Cortex and Memory Circuits in Drug Addiction: Insight from Imaging Studies

Volkow, Nora D., Fowler, Joanna S., Wang, Gene-Jack, Goldstein, Rita Z

Drug addiction is characterized by a set of recurring processes (intoxication, withdrawal, craving) that lead to the relapsing nature of the disorder. We have used positron emission tomography to...

The orbitofrontal cortex in methamphetamine addiction: involvement in fear

Goldstein, Rita Z., Volkow, Nora D., Chang, Linda, Wang, Gene-Jack, Fowler, Joanna S., Depue, Richard A., ...

We used Tellegen’s Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) harm avoidance (fear) scale and the constraint superfactor as personality measures of inhibitory control and examined their...

Addiction changes orbitofrontal gyrus function: involvement in response inhibition

Goldstein, Rita Z., Volkow, Nora D., Wang, Gene-Jack, Fowler, Joanna S., Rajaram, Suparna

We used the Stroop task as a measure of the ability to inhibit a prepotent response tendency and examined its association with relative glucose metabolism in selected prefrontal brain regions in...

Anger and depression in cocaine addiction: association with the orbitofrontal cortex

Goldstein, Rita Z., Alia-Klein, Nelly, Leskovjan, Andreana C., Fowler, Joanna S., Wang, Gene-Jack, Gur, Ruben C., ...

The high prevalence of anger, impulsivity and violence in cocaine addiction implicates chronic cocaine use in the compromise of higher-order inhibitory control neurocognitive processes. We used the...

Response to: “Rescuing the NIH before it is too late”

Alexander, Duane F., Alving, Barbara M., Battey, James F., Berg, Jeremy M., Collins, Francis S., Fauci, Anthony S., ...

We, the directors of the 27 NIH institutes and centers, wanted to respond to the points made by Andrew Marks in his recent editorial. While we appreciate that the scientific community has concerns,...

Imaging the functioning human brain

Weng, Xuchu, Ding, Yu-Shin, Volkow, Nora D.

One of the most exciting methodological advances for brain research field arises in functional brain imaging, which enables us to localize and characterize neural activity and biochemical events in...

Low monoamine oxidase B in peripheral organs in smokers

Fowler, Joanna S., Logan, Jean, Wang, Gene-Jack, Volkow, Nora D., Telang, Frank, Zhu, Wei, ...

One of the major mechanisms for terminating the actions of catecholamines and vasoactive dietary amines is oxidation by monoamine oxidase (MAO). Smokers have been shown to have reduced levels of...

Neuroscience Networks: Data-sharing in an Information Age

Insel, Thomas R, Volkow, Nora D, Li, Ting-Kai, Battey, James F, Landis, Story C

To study the brain from molecules to behaviour, neuroscientists face the challenge of communicating an emerging wealth of information in coherent accessible forms

Response to: “Rescuing the NIH before it is too late”

Alexander, Duane F., Alving, Barbara M., Battey, James F., Berg, Jeremy M., Collins, Francis S., Fauci, Anthony S., ...

We, the directors of the 27 NIH institutes and centers, wanted to respond to the points made by Andrew Marks in his recent editorial. While we appreciate that the scientific community has concerns,...

Gastric stimulation in obese subjects activates the hippocampus and other regions involved in brain reward circuitry

Wang, Gene-Jack, Yang, Julia, Volkow, Nora D., Telang, Frank, Ma, Yeming, Zhu, Wei, ...

The neurobiological mechanisms underlying overeating in obesity are not understood. Here, we assessed the neurobiological responses to an Implantable Gastric Stimulator (IGS), which induces stomach...

Cannabinoid receptor-mediated inhibition of acetylcholine release from hippocampal and cortical synaptosomes

Gifford, Andrew N, Bruneus, Magalie, Gatley, S John, Volkow, Nora D

In previous studies cannabinoid agonists have been found to inhibit and cannabinoid antagonists to enhance electrically-evoked [3H]-acetycholine (ACh) release in hippocampal slices. The present study...

Methylphenidate Decreased the Amount of Glucose Needed by the Brain to Perform a Cognitive Task

Volkow, Nora D., Fowler, Joanna S., Wang, Gene-Jack, Telang, Frank, Logan, Jean, Wong, Christopher, ...

The use of stimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamine) as cognitive enhancers by the general public is increasing and is controversial. It is still unclear how they work or why they improve...

Is fetal brain monoamine oxidase inhibition the missing link between maternal smoking and conduct disorders?

Baler, Ruben D., Volkow, Nora D., Fowler, Joanna S., Benveniste, Helene

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable illness in the world today. Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (PCSE) is a particularly insidious form because so many of its associated health effects...

Substance Use Disorders in Schizophrenia—Clinical Implications of Comorbidity

Volkow, Nora D.

Nearly half of the people suffering from schizophrenia also present with a lifetime history of substance use disorders (SUD), a rate that is much higher than the one seen among unaffected...

Evidence of gender differences in the ability to inhibit brain activation elicited by food stimulation

Wang, Gene-Jack, Volkow, Nora D., Telang, Frank, Jayne, Millard, Ma, Yeming, Pradhan, Kith, ...

Although impaired inhibitory control is linked to a broad spectrum of health problems, including obesity, the brain mechanism(s) underlying voluntary control of hunger are not well understood. We...

Overlapping neuronal circuits in addiction and obesity: evidence of systems pathology

Volkow, Nora D, Wang, Gene-Jack, Fowler, Joanna S, Telang, Frank

Drugs and food exert their reinforcing effects in part by increasing dopamine (DA) in limbic regions, which has generated interest in understanding how drug abuse/addiction relates to obesity. Here,...

Design and synthesis of the CB1 selective cannabinoid antagonist AM281: A potential human SPECT ligand

Lan, Ruoxi, Lu, Qian, Fan, Pusheng, Gatley, John, Volkow, Nora D., Fernando, Susanthi R., ...

In the search for a radioligand capable of imaging cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the living human brain by SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography),...