P. C. Appelbaum

Postantibiotic effects of garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against 12 gram-positive or -negative organisms. (2003)

Daptomycin mean staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 1.1 to 6.2 h, with a mean of 2.5 h. The mean pneumococcal PAEs were 1.7 h, ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 h. The staphylococcal and...

Antianaerobe activity of RBX 7644 (ranbezolid), a new oxazolidinone, compared with those of eight other agents. (2003)

Conventional in vitro methods were used to determine the postantibiotic effects (PAEs), sub-MIC effects (SMEs), and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs) of garenoxacin for a range of organisms....

Ednie, Lois M., Rattan, Ashok, Jacobs, Michael R., Appelbaum, P. C.

The activity of ranbezolid (RBX 7644), a new oxazolidinone, against 306 anaerobes was compared with those of 11 other agents. The MICs at which 50% of the isolates tested are inhibited and those at...

Two new mechanisms of macrolide resistance in clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Eastern Europe and North America. (2000)

Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Appelbaum, P. C., Depardieu, F., Courvalin, P., Petitpas, J., ...

Resistance to macrolides in pneumococci is generally mediated by methylation of 23S rRNA via erm(B) methylase which can confer a macrolide (M)-, lincosamide (L)-, and streptogramin B (S(B))-resistant...

Mutations in 23S rRNA and ribosomal protein L4 account for resistance in pneumococcal strains selected in vitro by macrolide passage. (2000)

Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Cronan, M., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C., Sutcliffe, J.

The mechanisms responsible for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants, selected from susceptible strains by serial passage in azithromycin, were investigated. These mutants were...

Postantibiotic effects of gatifloxacin against gram-positive and -negative organisms. (1999)

Postantibiotic effect of trovafloxacin against gram-positive and -negative organisms. (1998)

Gatifloxacin pneumococcal, staphylococcal and enterococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.5 to 4.0 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.2 to 4.8 h....

Susceptibilities of penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a new ketolide, compared with susceptibilities to 17 other agents. (1998)

Trovafloxacin pneumococcal and staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.7 to 1.8 and 0.7 to 2.4 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.4 to 4.4 h....

Pankuch, G. A., Visalli, M. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.

Susceptibility of 230 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a new ketolide, was tested by agar dilution, and results were compared with those of...

Variation in erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae by four test methods. (1997)

Fasola, E L, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R

Susceptibilities of 124 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin and clindamycin were determined by the National Committee for the Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution...

Activities of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination with amikacin, against acinetobacters as determined by checkerboard and time-kill studies. (1997)

Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

A total of 101 Acinetobacter genospecies (77 Acinetobacter baumannii strains and 24 non-A. baumannii strains) were tested for their susceptibilities to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin and...

Comparative activities of LY 333328, a new glycopeptide, against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. (1996)

Fasola, E, Spangler, S K, Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C

Microdilution MIC testing was used to test the susceptibility of 202 pneumococci to LY 333328 and six other agents. LY 333328 was the most active glycopeptide (MIC at which 90% of the pneumococci...

Activity of CP 99,219 (trovafloxacin) compared with ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, lomefloxacin and cefuroxime against ten penicillin-susceptible and pencillin-resistant pneumococci by time-kill methodology (1996)

Visalli, M. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.

Activity of CP 99,219 (trovafloxacin), clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfioxacin, lomefloxacin and cefuroxime against 4 penicillin-susceptible, 2 penicillin-intermedi ate and 4 penicillin-resistant...

Comparative activity of ampicillin, amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanate and cefotaxime against 189 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci (1995)

Characterization of a {beta}-lactamase from Clostridium clostridioforme (1994)

Agar dilution and E-test MICs of penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxycillin, amoxycillin/ clavulanate and cefotaxime were determined against 189 pneumococci. Addition of clavulanate did not influence...

Appelbaum, P. C., Spangler, S. K., Pankuch, G. A., Philippon, A., Jacobs, M. R., Shiman, R., ...

A β-lactamase-producing strain of Clostridium clostridioforme isolated from human peritoneal fluid was examined by MIC testing and enzyme characterization. MICs of penicillins (64–512 mg/L)...

Susceptibility of 170 penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci to six oral cephalosporins, four quinolones, desacetylcefotaxime, Ro 23-9424 and RP 67829 (1993)

Spangler, S. K., Jacobs, M. R., Pankuch, G. A., Appelbaum, P. C.

MICs of six oral cephalosporins (cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime and Ro 40-6890), four quinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, OPC-171 16 and fleroxacm), desacetylcefotaxime, Ro...

Comparative susceptibility profile of piperacillin/tazobactam against anaerobic bacteria (1993)

Appelbaum, P. C.

Current data are summarized on the comparative susceptibility of Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria to piperacillin/tazobactam and other anti-anaerobe agents. For...

Susceptibility of 539 Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes to new agents, including RP59500, biapenem, trospectomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam (1993)

Appelbaum, P. C., Spangler, S. K., Jacobs, M. R.

Susceptibilities of 539 Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes were tested by agar dilution against 15 new and existing antimicrobial agents. Organisms included 218 Bacteroides fragilis group...

{beta}-Lactamase production, {beta}-lactam sensitivity and resistance to synergy with clavulanate of 737 Bacteroides fragilis group organisms from thirty-three US centres (1990)

Jacobs, M. R., Spangler, S. K., Appelbaum, P. C.

β-Lactamase production and agar dilution sensitivities to amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem and metronidazole were determined...

Susceptibility of penicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to new antimicrobial agents, including daptomycin, teicoplanin, cefpodoxime and quinolones (1989)

Appelbaum, P. C., Spangler, S. K., Crotty, E., Jacobs, M. R.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of nine antibiotics were determined by agar dilution on 123 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae (65 penicillin sensitive, 42 intermediate resistant and 16...

Postantibiotic Effects of Gatifloxacin against Gram-Positive and -Negative Organisms

Mutations in 23S rRNA and Ribosomal Protein L4 Account for Resistance in Pneumococcal Strains Selected In Vitro by Macrolide Passage

Gatifloxacin pneumococcal, staphylococcal and enterococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.5 to 4.0 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.2 to 4.8 h....

Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Cronan, M., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C., Sutcliffe, J.

The mechanisms responsible for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants, selected from susceptible strains by serial passage in azithromycin, were investigated. These mutants were...

Two New Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance in Clinical Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Eastern Europe and North America

Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Appelbaum, P. C., Depardieu, F., Courvalin, P., Petitpas, J., ...

Resistance to macrolides in pneumococci is generally mediated by methylation of 23S rRNA via erm(B) methylase which can confer a macrolide (M)-, lincosamide (L)-, and streptogramin B (SB)-resistant...

Susceptibilities of Penicillin- and Erythromycin-Susceptible and -Resistant Pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a New Ketolide, Compared with Susceptibilities to 17 Other Agents

Pankuch, G. A., Visalli, M. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.

Susceptibility of 230 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a new ketolide, was tested by agar dilution, and results were compared with those of...

Postantibiotic Effect of Trovafloxacin against Gram-Positive and -Negative Organisms

Postantibiotic Effects of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against 12 Gram-Positive or -Negative Organisms

Trovafloxacin pneumococcal and staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.7 to 1.8 and 0.7 to 2.4 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.4 to 4.4 h....

Antianaerobe Activity of RBX 7644 (Ranbezolid), a New Oxazolidinone, Compared with Those of Eight Other Agents

Conventional in vitro methods were used to determine the postantibiotic effects (PAEs), sub-MIC effects (SMEs), and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs) of garenoxacin for a range of organisms....

Ednie, Lois M., Rattan, Ashok, Jacobs, Michael R., Appelbaum, P. C.

The activity of ranbezolid (RBX 7644), a new oxazolidinone, against 306 anaerobes was compared with those of 11 other agents. The MICs at which 50% of the isolates tested are inhibited and those at...

Activities of oral and parenteral agents against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Pankuch, G A, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

This study examined bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of oral and parenteral antibiotics for penicillin-susceptible and intermediately and fully penicillin-resistant pneumococci....

MIC and time-kill study of activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, cefotaxime, imipenem, and vancomycin against nine penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Activities of RPR 106972 (a new oral streptogramin), cefditoren (a new oral cephalosporin), two new oxazolidinones (U-100592 and U-100766), and other oral and parenteral agents against 203 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

MIC and time-kill methods were used to test the activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, cefotaxime, imipenem, and vancomycin against nine penicillin-susceptible,...

Susceptibilities of non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, D-ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem.

Agar dilution was used to determine the MICs of RPR 106972 (a new oral streptogramin), cefditoren (a new oral cephalosporin), two new oxazolidinones (U-100592 and U-100766), and other oral and...

Spangler, S K, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

Agar dilution MICs of 10 agents against 410 non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. MICs at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were...

Antipneumococcal activities of RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), penicillin G, erythromycin, and sparfloxacin determined by MIC and rapid time-kill methodologies.

Pankuch, G A, Lichtenberger, C, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

Previous time-kill studies have shown that RP 59500 is rapidly bactericidal against pneumococci. To extend these findings, the activities of RP 59500, its two components RP 57669 RP 54476, penicillin...

Comparative activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci.

Ednie, L M, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

Activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against 120 pneumococci from the United States were tested by agar dilution MIC. All three compounds yielded MICs at which 90% of the...

Antipneumococcal activities of cefpirome and cefotaxime, alone and in combination with vancomycin and teicoplanin, determined by checkerboard and time-kill methods.

Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

The checkerboard titration method was used to test the synergy of cefpirome and cefotaxime with teicoplanin or vancomycin against 35 penicillin-susceptible, 34 penicillin-intermediate, and 31...

MIC and time-kill study of antipneumococcal activities of RPR 106972 (a new oral streptogramin), RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), pyostacine (RP 7293), penicillin G, cefotaxime, erythromycin, and clarithromycin against 10 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Comparative activities of LY 333328, a new glycopeptide, against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Broth MICs and time-kill studies were used to test the activity of RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), RPR 106972, pyostacine (RP 7293), erythromycin, clarithromycin, and cefotaxime for four...

Fasola, E, Spangler, S K, Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C

Microdilution MIC testing was used to test the susceptibility of 202 pneumococci to LY 333328 and six other agents. LY 333328 was the most active glycopeptide (MIC at which 90% of the pneumococci...

Variation in erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae by four test methods.

Fasola, E L, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R

Susceptibilities of 124 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin and clindamycin were determined by the National Committee for the Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution...

MIC and time-kill studies of antipneumococcal activity of GV 118819X (sanfetrinem) compared with those of other agents.

Activities of beta-lactams against Acinetobacter genospecies as determined by agar dilution and E-test MIC methods.

Agar dilution MIC methodology was used to test the activities of GV 118819X (sanfetrinem), ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefpodoxime, loracarbef, levofloxacin, clarithromycin,...

Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Moore, T D, Renzi, F A, Appelbaum, P C

The agar dilution MIC method was used to test activities of ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin,...

Bactericidal activity of DU-6859a compared to activities of three quinolones, three beta-lactams, clindamycin, and metronidazole against anaerobes as determined by time-kill methodology.

Susceptibilities of 228 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to RU 64004, a new ketolide, compared with susceptibilities to 16 other agents.

The activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 11 anaerobes were tested by the broth...

Ednie, L M, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

The susceptibilities of 228 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to RU 64004, a new ketolide, were tested by agar dilution, and the results were compared with those for...

Antianaerobic activity of the ketolide RU 64004 compared to activities of four macrolides, five beta-lactams, clindamycin, and metronidazole.

Ednie, L M, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

Agar dilution methodology (with added Oxyrase in the case of the macrolide group to allow incubation without added CO2) was used to compare the activity of RU 64004, a new ketolide, with the...

Activities of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination with amikacin, against acinetobacters as determined by checkerboard and time-kill studies.

Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

A total of 101 Acinetobacter genospecies (77 Acinetobacter baumannii strains and 24 non-A. baumannii strains) were tested for their susceptibilities to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin and...

Comparative activity of trovafloxacin, alone and in combination with other agents, against gram-negative nonfermentative rods.

Visalli, M A, Bajaksouzian, S, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

In the first part of this study, agar dilution MICs were used to test the activities of trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, ceftazidime, and imipenem...

Susceptibility of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to dirithromycin compared with susceptibilities to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin.

Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004).

Agar dilution with incubation in air and CO2 was used to determine the MICs of erythromycin, dirithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin for 79 penicillin-susceptible,...

Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004), two ketolides, had MICs at which 50% of the strains are inhibited (MIC50s) of 0.06 to 0.125 microg/ml and MIC90s of 16.0 microg/ml against 352 anaerobes....

Postantibiotic effect of sanfetrinem compared with those of six other agents against 12 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Spangler, S K, Lin, G, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

The postantibiotic effect (PAE) and postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PAE-SME) of sanfetrinem were compared to those of penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and clarithromycin...

Antipneumococcal activity of BAY 12-8039, a new quinolone, compared with activities of three other quinolones and four oral beta-lactams.

Beta-lactamase production and susceptibilities to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem, and metronidazole of 320 non-Bacteroides fragilis Bacteroides isolates and 129 fusobacteria from 28 U.S. centers.

Activities of BAY 12-8039 against 205 pneumococci were tested by agar dilution. MICs (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 50 and 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC50s and MIC90s, respectively)...

Characterization of beta-lactamases from non-Bacteroides fragilis group Bacteroides spp. belonging to seven species and their role in beta-lactam resistance.

beta-Lactamase production (nitrocefin disk method) and agar dilution susceptibility of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem, and...

Appelbaum, P C, Philippon, A, Jacobs, M R, Spangler, S K, Gutmann, L

Twelve beta-lactamase-positive non-Bacteroides fragilis group Bacteroides spp. belonging to seven different species were examined by MIC determination and enzyme characterization. MICs of most...

Comparative activity of beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam combined with beta-lactams against beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes.

Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Spangler, S K, Yamabe, S

The in vitro activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam combined with six beta-lactams against 88 beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes were determined. When...

Reduction of oral flora with rifampin in healthy volunteers.

Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Potter, C R, Sattler, F R

The effect of a short course of rifampin on the oral microflora was evaluated in 17 healthy volunteers. Salivary specimens were collected before and after two 600-mg doses of rifampin administered 6...

Postantibiotic Effects of Daptomycin against 14 Staphylococcal and Pneumococcal Clinical Isolates

Susceptibilities of 428 gram-positive and -negative anaerobic bacteria to Bay y3118 compared with their susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefoxitin.

Daptomycin mean staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 1.1 to 6.2 h, with a mean of 2.5 h. The mean pneumococcal PAEs were 1.7 h, ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 h. The staphylococcal and...

Activity of WY-49605 compared with those of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, cefaclor, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 384 anaerobic bacteria.

The susceptibilities of 428 gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes (including selected cefoxitin-resistant strains) to Bay y3118 (a new fluoroquinolone), ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole,...

In vitro susceptibilities of 185 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to WY-49605 (SUN/SY 5555), a new oral penem, compared with those to penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime, cefaclor, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, and cefdinir.

The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution method was used to compare the in vitro activity of WY-49605 (also called SUN/SY 5555 and ALP-201), a new broad-spectrum oral...

Susceptibilities of 200 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone.

In vitro susceptibility of 185 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to WY-49605, a new oral penem, was compared with susceptibility to penicillin G, amoxicillin with and without...

Susceptibilities of 540 anaerobic gram-negative bacilli to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-BRL 42715, amoxicillin-clavulanate, temafloxacin, and clindamycin.

MICs of eight beta-lactams (piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone) were determined by agar...

Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Shiman, R, Jacobs, M R

Agar dilution MIC testing of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-BRL 42715, amoxicillin-clavulanate, temafloxacin, and clindamycin against 496 beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic gram-negative rods revealed MICs...

Susceptibilities of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to RP 59500, vancomycin, erythromycin, PD 131628, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, win 57273, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin.

Susceptibilities of 201 anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin by oxyrase agar dilution and E test methodologies.

The MICs of four new quinolones, sparfloxacin (AT-4140, CI-978), PD 131628 (the active form of the prodrug CI-990), temafloxacin, and Win 57273, compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin...

Ability of RapID Yeast Plus System to identify 304 clinically significant yeasts within 5 hours.

The susceptibility of 201 anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin was tested by agar dilution and E test methods by using a commercially available plate and dish...

Kitch, T T, Jacobs, M R, McGinnis, M R, Appelbaum, P C

The RapID Yeast Plus System (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.) is a qualitative micromethod that uses conventional and chromogenic substrates for the identification of medically important...

Oxyrase, a method which avoids CO2 in the incubation atmosphere for anaerobic susceptibility testing of antibiotics affected by CO2.

Spangler, S K, Appelbaum, P C

The Oxyrase agar dilution method, with exclusion of CO2 from the environment, was compared with the reference agar dilution method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory...

Evaluation of RapID onE system for identification of 379 strains in the family Enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters.

Evaluation of the 4-hour RapID NF Plus method for identification of 345 gram-negative nonfermentative rods.

The ability of the RapID onE system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Norcross, Ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family Enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative,...

Survival of bacteria in Difco CultureSwab and Marion Culturette II transport systems.

The ability of the RapID NF Plus system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) to identify 345 nonfermentative gram-negative rods was evaluated. Kits were inoculated with no. 1 McFarland...

Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Crist, R, Crist, A E

The effects of the CultureSwab (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) and Culturette II (Marion Scientific, Div. Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.) transport systems on the viability of 95...

Postoperative wound infection associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a patient without exposure to seawater.

Ahsan, N, Conter, R L, Appelbaum, P C

This report describes a case of wound infection associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The patient had ingested steamed crabs 7 days before admission for surgical treatment of intestinal...

Accuracy and reproducibility of the 4-hour ATB 32A method for anaerobe identification.

Kitch, T T, Appelbaum, P C

The ATB 32A system (API System SA, La Balme les Grottes, Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was evaluated for use in the identification of 214 anaerobes. Organisms included 73 isolates of the Bacteroides...

Accuracy and reproducibility of the IDS rapID STR system for species identification of streptococci.

Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Palko, W M, Frauenhoffer, E E, Duffett, A

The RapID STR system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) was evaluated in the identification of 266 streptococci. Organisms included 60 beta-hemolytic streptococci, 71 group D strains...

Comparison of three methods for anaerobe identification.

Appelbaum, P C, Kaufmann, C S, Keifer, J C, Venbrux, H J

In this study we evaluated the ability of three commercial methods, API 20A (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), Minitek (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.), and Anaerobe-Tek (Flow...

Comparative evaluation of the API 20S system and the automicrobic system gram-positive identification card for species identification of streptococci.

Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Heald, J I, Palko, W M, Duffett, A, Crist, R, ...

Two commercial methods, the API 20S system (API; Analytab Products, Inc., Plainview, N.Y.) and the Gram-Positive Identification Card (GPI; Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), were evaluated without...

Evaluation of the rapid strep system for species identification of streptococci.

Appelbaum, P C, Chaurushiya, P S, Jacobs, M R, Duffett, A

The Rapid Strep system (API System S.A., Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was evaluated, without additional tests, in the identification of 209 streptococci. Organisms included 59 beta-hemolytic, 36 group...

Evaluation of a two-hour method for screening pathogens from stool specimens.

Greene, L C, Appelbaum, P C, Kellogg, J A

The 2-h stool-screening test (SST) (API System S.A., Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was used to screen 231 organisms yielding suspicious colonies on stool differential agars for potential pathogens. All...

Evaluation of the rapid NFT system for identification of gram-negative, nonfermenting rods.

Appelbaum, P C, Leathers, D J

This study evaluated the ability of the Rapid NFT system (API System SA, Montalieu-Vercieu, France) to accurately identify 262 clinically isolated, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods without...

Proctitis associated with Neisseria cinerea misidentified as Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a child.

Dossett, J H, Appelbaum, P C, Knapp, J S, Totten, P A

An 8-year-old boy developed proctitis. Rectal swabs yielded a Neisseria sp. that was repeatedly identified by API (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), Minitek (BBL Microbiology Systems,...

Accuracy and reproducibility of a four-hour method for anaerobe identification.

Appelbaum, P C, Kaufmann, C S, Depenbusch, J W

In this study, we evaluated the ability of a 4-h enzyme assay kit system, the RapID ANA method (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) to accurately and reproducibly identify a spectrum...

Arthritis caused by unidentified gram-positive rods in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Appelbaum, P C, Dossett, J H

A 12-year-old girl with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia developed arthritis owing to an unidentified gram-positive Corynebacterium-like rod. The infection responded to amoxycillin therapy, but...

Chorioamnionitis and possible neonatal infection associated with Lactobacillus species.

Lorenz, R P, Appelbaum, P C, Ward, R M, Botti, J J

A patient is described with premature labor at 32 weeks of gestation complicated by chorioamnionitis associated with Lactobacillus species, subsequent premature delivery, and possible neonatal...

Enhanced detection of bacteremia with a new BACTEC resin blood culture medium.

Appelbaum, P C, Beckwith, D G, Dipersio, J R, Dyke, J W, Salventi, J F, Stone, L L

In this multicenter study, 621 sets of blood culture specimens were drawn from 280 patients who were suspected of being septic and who were receiving antimicrobial therapy. Equal volumes of each...

Four methods for identification of gram-negative nonfermenting rods: organisms more commonly encountered in clinical specimens.

Appelbaum, P C, Stavitz, J, Bentz, M S, Von Kuster, L C

Four commercial kits, Oxi/Ferm (OF), API 20E (AP), Minitek (MT; BBL Microbiology Systems), and Flow N/F (NF), were evaluated, without additional tests, for identification of 258 gram-negative...

Pancreatic abscess associated with Achromobacter group Vd biovar 1.

Appelbaum, P C, Campbell, D B

A case of pancreatic abscess associated with Achromobacter biovar 1 in a 75-year-old man with multiple predisposing debilitating conditions is presented. The infection responded to antibiotic...

Comparison of three methods for identification of pathogenic Neisseria species.

Appelbaum, P C, Lawrence, R B

A radiometric procedure was compared with the Minitek and Cystine Trypticase Agar sugar degradation methods for identification of 113 Neisseria species (58 Neisseria meningitidis, 51 Neisseria...

Susceptibilities of 394 Bacteroides fragilis, non-B. fragilis group Bacteroides species, and Fusobacterium species to newer antimicrobial agents.

Effect of CO2 on susceptibilities of anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin.

The susceptibilities of 374 selected beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative anaerobes (including 22 cefoxitin-resistant strains and 36 strains refractory to the enhancing effect of beta-lactamase...

Susceptibilities of 123 Xanthomonas maltophilia strains to clinafloxacin, PD 131628, PD 138312, PD 140248, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin.

The Oxyrase agar dilution method (Oxyrase, Inc., Mansfield, Ohio), which provides an anaerobic environment without added CO2, was compared with the reference agar dilution method recommended by the...

Susceptibilities of 177 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to FK 037, cefpirome, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, biapenem, meropenem, and vancomycin.

The susceptibilities of 123 clinically isolated strains of Xanthomonas maltophilia to six fluoroquinolones (clinafloxacin, PD 131628, PD 138312, PD 140248, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin) were examined...

Study of comparative antipneumococcal activities of penicillin G, RP 59500, erythromycin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin by using time-kill methodology.

MICs of six extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, FK 037, cefpirome, cefepime), three carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, biapenem), and vancomycin for 49...

Susceptibilities of 123 strains of Xanthomonas maltophilia to eight beta-lactams (including beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations) and ciprofloxacin tested by five methods.

Time-kill studies were used to examine the in vitro activities of penicillin G, RP 59500, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and vancomycin against 10 pneumococci expressing various degrees...

Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Rittenhouse, S F, Appelbaum, P C

This study evaluated the susceptibility of 123 Xanthomonas maltophilia strains to ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin,...

Activity of CP 99,219 compared with those of ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, metronidazole, cefoxitin, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam against 489 anaerobes.

Pathogenic mechanisms of a non-agglutinable Vibrio cholerae strain: demonstration of invasive and enterotoxigenic properties.

Agar dilution was used to compare the in vitro activity of CP 99,219 with those of ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, metronidazole, cefoxitin, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam against 489...

Robins-Browne, R M, Still, C S, Isaäcson, M, Koornhof, H J, Appelbaum, P C, Scragg, J N

A non-agglutinable Vibrio cholerae strain isolated from the blood of a child with kwashiorkor and fever was shown to have the potential to invade as well as to produce a toxin resembling cholera...

Alterations of Penicillin-Binding Proteins 1A, 2X, and 2B in Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates for Which Amoxicillin MICs Are Higher than Penicillin MICs

Kosowska, K., Jacobs, M. R., Bajaksouzian, S., Koeth, L., Appelbaum, P. C.

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of 15 selected penicillin- and amoxicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (MICs of 2 to 8 and 8 to 16 μg/ml, respectively) were studied. In addition...

Postantibiotic Effect of DX-619 against 16 Gram-Positive Organisms

Postantibiotic Effects of Gatifloxacin against Gram-Positive and -Negative Organisms

The in vitro postantibiotic effects (PAEs), the postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs), and the sub-MIC effects (SMEs) of DX-619 were determined for 16 gram-positive organisms. DX-619 pneumococcal,...

Mutations in 23S rRNA and Ribosomal Protein L4 Account for Resistance in Pneumococcal Strains Selected In Vitro by Macrolide Passage

Gatifloxacin pneumococcal, staphylococcal and enterococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.5 to 4.0 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.2 to 4.8 h....

Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Cronan, M., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C., Sutcliffe, J.

The mechanisms responsible for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae mutants, selected from susceptible strains by serial passage in azithromycin, were investigated. These mutants were...

Two New Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance in Clinical Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Eastern Europe and North America

Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Appelbaum, P. C., Depardieu, F., Courvalin, P., Petitpas, J., ...

Resistance to macrolides in pneumococci is generally mediated by methylation of 23S rRNA via erm(B) methylase which can confer a macrolide (M)-, lincosamide (L)-, and streptogramin B (SB)-resistant...

Susceptibilities of Penicillin- and Erythromycin-Susceptible and -Resistant Pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a New Ketolide, Compared with Susceptibilities to 17 Other Agents

Pankuch, G. A., Visalli, M. A., Jacobs, M. R., Appelbaum, P. C.

Susceptibility of 230 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a new ketolide, was tested by agar dilution, and results were compared with those of...

Postantibiotic Effect of Trovafloxacin against Gram-Positive and -Negative Organisms

Postantibiotic Effects of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against 12 Gram-Positive or -Negative Organisms

Trovafloxacin pneumococcal and staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 0.7 to 1.8 and 0.7 to 2.4 h, respectively. For Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, PAEs were 2.4 to 4.4 h....

Antianaerobe Activity of RBX 7644 (Ranbezolid), a New Oxazolidinone, Compared with Those of Eight Other Agents

Conventional in vitro methods were used to determine the postantibiotic effects (PAEs), sub-MIC effects (SMEs), and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs) of garenoxacin for a range of organisms....

Ednie, Lois M., Rattan, Ashok, Jacobs, Michael R., Appelbaum, P. C.

The activity of ranbezolid (RBX 7644), a new oxazolidinone, against 306 anaerobes was compared with those of 11 other agents. The MICs at which 50% of the isolates tested are inhibited and those at...

Activities of oral and parenteral agents against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Pankuch, G A, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

This study examined bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of oral and parenteral antibiotics for penicillin-susceptible and intermediately and fully penicillin-resistant pneumococci....

MIC and time-kill study of activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, cefotaxime, imipenem, and vancomycin against nine penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Activities of RPR 106972 (a new oral streptogramin), cefditoren (a new oral cephalosporin), two new oxazolidinones (U-100592 and U-100766), and other oral and parenteral agents against 203 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

MIC and time-kill methods were used to test the activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, cefotaxime, imipenem, and vancomycin against nine penicillin-susceptible,...

Susceptibilities of non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, D-ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and imipenem.

Agar dilution was used to determine the MICs of RPR 106972 (a new oral streptogramin), cefditoren (a new oral cephalosporin), two new oxazolidinones (U-100592 and U-100766), and other oral and...

Spangler, S K, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

Agar dilution MICs of 10 agents against 410 non-Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative nonfermentative rods were determined. MICs at which 50 and 90% of the isolates were inhibited, respectively, were...

Antipneumococcal activities of RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), penicillin G, erythromycin, and sparfloxacin determined by MIC and rapid time-kill methodologies.

Pankuch, G A, Lichtenberger, C, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

Previous time-kill studies have shown that RP 59500 is rapidly bactericidal against pneumococci. To extend these findings, the activities of RP 59500, its two components RP 57669 RP 54476, penicillin...

Comparative activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci.

Ednie, L M, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

Activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against 120 pneumococci from the United States were tested by agar dilution MIC. All three compounds yielded MICs at which 90% of the...

Antipneumococcal activities of cefpirome and cefotaxime, alone and in combination with vancomycin and teicoplanin, determined by checkerboard and time-kill methods.

Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

The checkerboard titration method was used to test the synergy of cefpirome and cefotaxime with teicoplanin or vancomycin against 35 penicillin-susceptible, 34 penicillin-intermediate, and 31...

MIC and time-kill study of antipneumococcal activities of RPR 106972 (a new oral streptogramin), RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), pyostacine (RP 7293), penicillin G, cefotaxime, erythromycin, and clarithromycin against 10 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Comparative activities of LY 333328, a new glycopeptide, against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Broth MICs and time-kill studies were used to test the activity of RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), RPR 106972, pyostacine (RP 7293), erythromycin, clarithromycin, and cefotaxime for four...

Fasola, E, Spangler, S K, Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C

Microdilution MIC testing was used to test the susceptibility of 202 pneumococci to LY 333328 and six other agents. LY 333328 was the most active glycopeptide (MIC at which 90% of the pneumococci...

Variation in erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae by four test methods.

Fasola, E L, Bajaksouzian, S, Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R

Susceptibilities of 124 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to erythromycin and clindamycin were determined by the National Committee for the Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution...

MIC and time-kill studies of antipneumococcal activity of GV 118819X (sanfetrinem) compared with those of other agents.

Activities of beta-lactams against Acinetobacter genospecies as determined by agar dilution and E-test MIC methods.

Agar dilution MIC methodology was used to test the activities of GV 118819X (sanfetrinem), ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefpodoxime, loracarbef, levofloxacin, clarithromycin,...

Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Moore, T D, Renzi, F A, Appelbaum, P C

The agar dilution MIC method was used to test activities of ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin,...

Bactericidal activity of DU-6859a compared to activities of three quinolones, three beta-lactams, clindamycin, and metronidazole against anaerobes as determined by time-kill methodology.

Susceptibilities of 228 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to RU 64004, a new ketolide, compared with susceptibilities to 16 other agents.

The activities of DU-6859a, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 11 anaerobes were tested by the broth...

Ednie, L M, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

The susceptibilities of 228 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to RU 64004, a new ketolide, were tested by agar dilution, and the results were compared with those for...

Antianaerobic activity of the ketolide RU 64004 compared to activities of four macrolides, five beta-lactams, clindamycin, and metronidazole.

Ednie, L M, Spangler, S K, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

Agar dilution methodology (with added Oxyrase in the case of the macrolide group to allow incubation without added CO2) was used to compare the activity of RU 64004, a new ketolide, with the...

Activities of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, alone and in combination with amikacin, against acinetobacters as determined by checkerboard and time-kill studies.

Bajaksouzian, S, Visalli, M A, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

A total of 101 Acinetobacter genospecies (77 Acinetobacter baumannii strains and 24 non-A. baumannii strains) were tested for their susceptibilities to levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin and...

Comparative activity of trovafloxacin, alone and in combination with other agents, against gram-negative nonfermentative rods.

Visalli, M A, Bajaksouzian, S, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

In the first part of this study, agar dilution MICs were used to test the activities of trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, clinafloxacin, ceftazidime, and imipenem...

Susceptibility of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to dirithromycin compared with susceptibilities to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin.

Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004).

Agar dilution with incubation in air and CO2 was used to determine the MICs of erythromycin, dirithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin for 79 penicillin-susceptible,...

Ednie, L M, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004), two ketolides, had MICs at which 50% of the strains are inhibited (MIC50s) of 0.06 to 0.125 microg/ml and MIC90s of 16.0 microg/ml against 352 anaerobes....

Postantibiotic effect of sanfetrinem compared with those of six other agents against 12 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

Spangler, S K, Lin, G, Jacobs, M R, Appelbaum, P C

The postantibiotic effect (PAE) and postantibiotic sub-MIC effect (PAE-SME) of sanfetrinem were compared to those of penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and clarithromycin...

Antipneumococcal activity of BAY 12-8039, a new quinolone, compared with activities of three other quinolones and four oral beta-lactams.

Beta-lactamase production and susceptibilities to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem, and metronidazole of 320 non-Bacteroides fragilis Bacteroides isolates and 129 fusobacteria from 28 U.S. centers.

Activities of BAY 12-8039 against 205 pneumococci were tested by agar dilution. MICs (in micrograms per milliliter) at which 50 and 90% of the isolates are inhibited (MIC50s and MIC90s, respectively)...

Characterization of beta-lactamases from non-Bacteroides fragilis group Bacteroides spp. belonging to seven species and their role in beta-lactam resistance.

beta-Lactamase production (nitrocefin disk method) and agar dilution susceptibility of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, cefoxitin, imipenem, and...

Appelbaum, P C, Philippon, A, Jacobs, M R, Spangler, S K, Gutmann, L

Twelve beta-lactamase-positive non-Bacteroides fragilis group Bacteroides spp. belonging to seven different species were examined by MIC determination and enzyme characterization. MICs of most...

Comparative activity of beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam combined with beta-lactams against beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes.

Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Spangler, S K, Yamabe, S

The in vitro activities of the beta-lactamase inhibitors YTR 830, clavulanate, and sulbactam combined with six beta-lactams against 88 beta-lactamase-producing anaerobes were determined. When...

Reduction of oral flora with rifampin in healthy volunteers.

Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Potter, C R, Sattler, F R

The effect of a short course of rifampin on the oral microflora was evaluated in 17 healthy volunteers. Salivary specimens were collected before and after two 600-mg doses of rifampin administered 6...

Postantibiotic Effects of Daptomycin against 14 Staphylococcal and Pneumococcal Clinical Isolates

Susceptibilities of 428 gram-positive and -negative anaerobic bacteria to Bay y3118 compared with their susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefoxitin.

Daptomycin mean staphylococcal postantibiotic effects (PAEs) were 1.1 to 6.2 h, with a mean of 2.5 h. The mean pneumococcal PAEs were 1.7 h, ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 h. The staphylococcal and...

Activity of WY-49605 compared with those of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, cefaclor, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, clindamycin, and metronidazole against 384 anaerobic bacteria.

The susceptibilities of 428 gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes (including selected cefoxitin-resistant strains) to Bay y3118 (a new fluoroquinolone), ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole,...

In vitro susceptibilities of 185 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to WY-49605 (SUN/SY 5555), a new oral penem, compared with those to penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime, cefaclor, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, and cefdinir.

The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards agar dilution method was used to compare the in vitro activity of WY-49605 (also called SUN/SY 5555 and ALP-201), a new broad-spectrum oral...

Susceptibilities of 200 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone.

In vitro susceptibility of 185 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to WY-49605, a new oral penem, was compared with susceptibility to penicillin G, amoxicillin with and without...

Susceptibilities of 540 anaerobic gram-negative bacilli to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-BRL 42715, amoxicillin-clavulanate, temafloxacin, and clindamycin.

MICs of eight beta-lactams (piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone) were determined by agar...

Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Shiman, R, Jacobs, M R

Agar dilution MIC testing of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-BRL 42715, amoxicillin-clavulanate, temafloxacin, and clindamycin against 496 beta-lactamase-producing anaerobic gram-negative rods revealed MICs...

Susceptibilities of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to RP 59500, vancomycin, erythromycin, PD 131628, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, win 57273, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin.

Susceptibilities of 201 anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin by oxyrase agar dilution and E test methodologies.

The MICs of four new quinolones, sparfloxacin (AT-4140, CI-978), PD 131628 (the active form of the prodrug CI-990), temafloxacin, and Win 57273, compared with those of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin...

Ability of RapID Yeast Plus System to identify 304 clinically significant yeasts within 5 hours.

The susceptibility of 201 anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin was tested by agar dilution and E test methods by using a commercially available plate and dish...

Kitch, T T, Jacobs, M R, McGinnis, M R, Appelbaum, P C

The RapID Yeast Plus System (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Norcross, Ga.) is a qualitative micromethod that uses conventional and chromogenic substrates for the identification of medically important...

Oxyrase, a method which avoids CO2 in the incubation atmosphere for anaerobic susceptibility testing of antibiotics affected by CO2.

Spangler, S K, Appelbaum, P C

The Oxyrase agar dilution method, with exclusion of CO2 from the environment, was compared with the reference agar dilution method recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory...

Evaluation of RapID onE system for identification of 379 strains in the family Enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters.

Evaluation of the 4-hour RapID NF Plus method for identification of 345 gram-negative nonfermentative rods.

The ability of the RapID onE system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Norcross, Ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family Enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative,...

Survival of bacteria in Difco CultureSwab and Marion Culturette II transport systems.

The ability of the RapID NF Plus system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) to identify 345 nonfermentative gram-negative rods was evaluated. Kits were inoculated with no. 1 McFarland...

Appelbaum, P C, Spangler, S K, Crist, R, Crist, A E

The effects of the CultureSwab (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) and Culturette II (Marion Scientific, Div. Marion Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo.) transport systems on the viability of 95...

Postoperative wound infection associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in a patient without exposure to seawater.

Ahsan, N, Conter, R L, Appelbaum, P C

This report describes a case of wound infection associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The patient had ingested steamed crabs 7 days before admission for surgical treatment of intestinal...

Accuracy and reproducibility of the 4-hour ATB 32A method for anaerobe identification.

Kitch, T T, Appelbaum, P C

The ATB 32A system (API System SA, La Balme les Grottes, Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was evaluated for use in the identification of 214 anaerobes. Organisms included 73 isolates of the Bacteroides...

Accuracy and reproducibility of the IDS rapID STR system for species identification of streptococci.

Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Palko, W M, Frauenhoffer, E E, Duffett, A

The RapID STR system (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) was evaluated in the identification of 266 streptococci. Organisms included 60 beta-hemolytic streptococci, 71 group D strains...

Comparison of three methods for anaerobe identification.

Appelbaum, P C, Kaufmann, C S, Keifer, J C, Venbrux, H J

In this study we evaluated the ability of three commercial methods, API 20A (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), Minitek (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.), and Anaerobe-Tek (Flow...

Comparative evaluation of the API 20S system and the automicrobic system gram-positive identification card for species identification of streptococci.

Appelbaum, P C, Jacobs, M R, Heald, J I, Palko, W M, Duffett, A, Crist, R, ...

Two commercial methods, the API 20S system (API; Analytab Products, Inc., Plainview, N.Y.) and the Gram-Positive Identification Card (GPI; Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), were evaluated without...

Evaluation of the rapid strep system for species identification of streptococci.

Appelbaum, P C, Chaurushiya, P S, Jacobs, M R, Duffett, A

The Rapid Strep system (API System S.A., Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was evaluated, without additional tests, in the identification of 209 streptococci. Organisms included 59 beta-hemolytic, 36 group...

Evaluation of a two-hour method for screening pathogens from stool specimens.

Greene, L C, Appelbaum, P C, Kellogg, J A

The 2-h stool-screening test (SST) (API System S.A., Montalieu-Vercieu, France) was used to screen 231 organisms yielding suspicious colonies on stool differential agars for potential pathogens. All...

Evaluation of the rapid NFT system for identification of gram-negative, nonfermenting rods.

Appelbaum, P C, Leathers, D J

This study evaluated the ability of the Rapid NFT system (API System SA, Montalieu-Vercieu, France) to accurately identify 262 clinically isolated, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods without...

Proctitis associated with Neisseria cinerea misidentified as Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a child.

Dossett, J H, Appelbaum, P C, Knapp, J S, Totten, P A

An 8-year-old boy developed proctitis. Rectal swabs yielded a Neisseria sp. that was repeatedly identified by API (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), Minitek (BBL Microbiology Systems,...

Accuracy and reproducibility of a four-hour method for anaerobe identification.

Appelbaum, P C, Kaufmann, C S, Depenbusch, J W

In this study, we evaluated the ability of a 4-h enzyme assay kit system, the RapID ANA method (Innovative Diagnostic Systems, Inc., Atlanta, Ga.) to accurately and reproducibly identify a spectrum...

Arthritis caused by unidentified gram-positive rods in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Appelbaum, P C, Dossett, J H

A 12-year-old girl with refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia developed arthritis owing to an unidentified gram-positive Corynebacterium-like rod. The infection responded to amoxycillin therapy, but...

Chorioamnionitis and possible neonatal infection associated with Lactobacillus species.

Lorenz, R P, Appelbaum, P C, Ward, R M, Botti, J J

A patient is described with premature labor at 32 weeks of gestation complicated by chorioamnionitis associated with Lactobacillus species, subsequent premature delivery, and possible neonatal...

Enhanced detection of bacteremia with a new BACTEC resin blood culture medium.

Appelbaum, P C, Beckwith, D G, Dipersio, J R, Dyke, J W, Salventi, J F, Stone, L L

In this multicenter study, 621 sets of blood culture specimens were drawn from 280 patients who were suspected of being septic and who were receiving antimicrobial therapy. Equal volumes of each...

Four methods for identification of gram-negative nonfermenting rods: organisms more commonly encountered in clinical specimens.

Appelbaum, P C, Stavitz, J, Bentz, M S, Von Kuster, L C

Four commercial kits, Oxi/Ferm (OF), API 20E (AP), Minitek (MT; BBL Microbiology Systems), and Flow N/F (NF), were evaluated, without additional tests, for identification of 258 gram-negative...

Pancreatic abscess associated with Achromobacter group Vd biovar 1.

Appelbaum, P C, Campbell, D B

A case of pancreatic abscess associated with Achromobacter biovar 1 in a 75-year-old man with multiple predisposing debilitating conditions is presented. The infection responded to antibiotic...

Comparison of three methods for identification of pathogenic Neisseria species.

Appelbaum, P C, Lawrence, R B

A radiometric procedure was compared with the Minitek and Cystine Trypticase Agar sugar degradation methods for identification of 113 Neisseria species (58 Neisseria meningitidis, 51 Neisseria...

Susceptibilities of 394 Bacteroides fragilis, non-B. fragilis group Bacteroides species, and Fusobacterium species to newer antimicrobial agents.

Effect of CO2 on susceptibilities of anaerobes to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin.

The susceptibilities of 374 selected beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative anaerobes (including 22 cefoxitin-resistant strains and 36 strains refractory to the enhancing effect of beta-lactamase...

Susceptibilities of 123 Xanthomonas maltophilia strains to clinafloxacin, PD 131628, PD 138312, PD 140248, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin.

The Oxyrase agar dilution method (Oxyrase, Inc., Mansfield, Ohio), which provides an anaerobic environment without added CO2, was compared with the reference agar dilution method recommended by the...

Susceptibilities of 177 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to FK 037, cefpirome, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, biapenem, meropenem, and vancomycin.

The susceptibilities of 123 clinically isolated strains of Xanthomonas maltophilia to six fluoroquinolones (clinafloxacin, PD 131628, PD 138312, PD 140248, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin) were examined...

Study of comparative antipneumococcal activities of penicillin G, RP 59500, erythromycin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin by using time-kill methodology.

MICs of six extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, FK 037, cefpirome, cefepime), three carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, biapenem), and vancomycin for 49...

Susceptibilities of 123 strains of Xanthomonas maltophilia to eight beta-lactams (including beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations) and ciprofloxacin tested by five methods.

Time-kill studies were used to examine the in vitro activities of penicillin G, RP 59500, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and vancomycin against 10 pneumococci expressing various degrees...

Pankuch, G A, Jacobs, M R, Rittenhouse, S F, Appelbaum, P C

This study evaluated the susceptibility of 123 Xanthomonas maltophilia strains to ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin,...

Activity of CP 99,219 compared with those of ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, metronidazole, cefoxitin, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam against 489 anaerobes.

Pathogenic mechanisms of a non-agglutinable Vibrio cholerae strain: demonstration of invasive and enterotoxigenic properties.

Agar dilution was used to compare the in vitro activity of CP 99,219 with those of ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, metronidazole, cefoxitin, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam against 489...

Robins-Browne, R M, Still, C S, Isaäcson, M, Koornhof, H J, Appelbaum, P C, Scragg, J N

A non-agglutinable Vibrio cholerae strain isolated from the blood of a child with kwashiorkor and fever was shown to have the potential to invade as well as to produce a toxin resembling cholera...

Alterations of Penicillin-Binding Proteins 1A, 2X, and 2B in Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates for Which Amoxicillin MICs Are Higher than Penicillin MICs

Kosowska, K., Jacobs, M. R., Bajaksouzian, S., Koeth, L., Appelbaum, P. C.

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of 15 selected penicillin- and amoxicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates (MICs of 2 to 8 and 8 to 16 μg/ml, respectively) were studied. In addition...

Postantibiotic Effect of DX-619 against 16 Gram-Positive Organisms

Postantibiotic Effect of Ceftobiprole against 12 Gram-Positive Organisms

The in vitro postantibiotic effects (PAEs), the postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs), and the sub-MIC effects (SMEs) of DX-619 were determined for 16 gram-positive organisms. DX-619 pneumococcal,...

Characteristics and management of chronic destructive pneumonia.

The in vitro postantibiotic effects (PAEs), postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs), and sub-MIC effects of ceftobiprole were determined for 12 gram-positive organisms. Pneumococcal, staphylococcal,...

Cameron, E W, Appelbaum, P C, Pudifin, D, Hutton, W S, Chatterton, S A, Duursma, J

In 12 years 627 patients presented to Wentworth Hospital, Natal with chronic destructive pneumonia (CDP). Common symptoms were haemoptysis, the production of foul-smelling sputum, and chest pain. The...

Postantibiotic Effect of Tigecycline against 14 Gram-Positive Organisms▿

Postantibiotic Effects of Telavancin against 16 Gram-Positive Organisms▿

The in vitro postantibiotic effects (PAEs), postantibiotic sub-MIC effects (PA-SMEs), and sub-MIC effects of tigecycline were determined for 14 gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The...