Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Appelbaum, P. C., Depardieu, F., Courvalin, P., Petitpas, J., ...
Resistance to macrolides in pneumococci is generally mediated by methylation of 23S rRNA via erm(B) methylase which can confer a macrolide (M)-, lincosamide (L)-, and streptogramin B (S(B))-resistant...
Tait-Kamradt, A., Davies, T., Appelbaum, P. C., Depardieu, F., Courvalin, P., Petitpas, J., ...
Resistance to macrolides in pneumococci is generally mediated by methylation of 23S rRNA via erm(B) methylase which can confer a macrolide (M)-, lincosamide (L)-, and streptogramin B (SB)-resistant...
Nicolau, D P, Marangos, M N, Nightingale, C H, Patel, K B, Cooper, B W, Quintiliani, R, ...
The efficacy of vancomycin (VM) and teicoplanin (TE), alone and in combination with streptomycin (SM), against enterococci that express low-level VanB-type VM resistance was investigated in...
Specificity of induction of glycopeptide resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis.
Baptista, M, Depardieu, F, Courvalin, P, Arthur, M
Regulation of VanA- and VanB-type glycopeptide resistance in enterococci is mediated by related two-component regulatory systems (VanR-VanS and VanRB-VanSB). The transglycosylase inhibitors...
Tankovic, J, Perichon, B, Duval, J, Courvalin, P
We have analyzed by gene amplification and sequencing mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA, gyrB, and parC genes of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae...
Tankovic, J, Mahjoubi, F, Courvalin, P, Duval, J, Leclerco, R
We have analyzed the development of fluoroquinolone resistance between 1986 and 1993 among clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis from a French hospital. One hundred randomly selected isolates...
Gootz, T D, Zaniewski, R, Haskell, S, Schmieder, B, Tankovic, J, Girard, D, ...
The MICs of trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and sparfloxacin at which 90% of isolates are inhibited for 55 isolates of pneumococci were 0.125, 1, 4, and 0.5 microgram/ml, respectively....
Active efflux of antimicrobial agents in wild-type strains of enterococci.
Lynch, C, Courvalin, P, Nikaido, H
Enterococci are intrinsically resistant to numerous antimicrobial agents. We examined the energy-dependent efflux of radiolabeled drugs from four reference strains of Enterococcus faecalis and a...
Emergence of the trimethoprim resistance gene dfrD in Listeria monocytogenes BM4293.
The sequence of the trimethoprim resistance gene of the 3.7-kb plasmid (pIP823) that confers high-level resistance (MIC, 1,024 microg/ml) to Listeria monocytogenes BM4293 was determined. The gene was...
Perichon, B, Tankovic, J, Courvalin, P
We report a mutation in the parE genes of two in vitro mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae responsible for low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones. Sequential acquisition of mutations in parE and...
VanD-type glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium BM4339.
Perichon, B, Reynolds, P, Courvalin, P
Enterococcus faecium BM4339 was constitutively resistant to vancomycin (MIC, 64 microg/ml) and to low levels of teicoplanin (MIC, 4 microg/ml). A 605-bp product obtained with the V1 and V2 primers...
Rudant, E, Courvalin, P, Lambert, T
The distribution of the aac(6')-Ig gene, encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase-Ig [AAC(6')-Ig], was studied in 96 Acinetobacter haemolyticus strains and 12 proteolytic Acinetobacter strains,...
Transferable vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in Enterococcus faecium.
Leclercq, R, Derlot, E, Weber, M, Duval, J, Courvalin, P
Enterococcus faecium BM4165 and BM4178, isolated from immunocompromised patients, one treated with vancomycin, were inducibly resistant to high levels of the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and...
Molecular epidemiology of TEM-3 (CTX-1) beta-lactamase.
Petit, A, Gerbaud, G, Sirot, D, Courvalin, P, Sirot, J
A total of 33 clinical isolates encoding TEM-3 (CTX-1) from four French hospitals were studied. The strains belonged to seven species, Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 24), Escherichia coli (n = 3),...
Brisson-Noël, A, Dutka-Malen, S, Molinas, C, Leclercq, R, Courvalin, P
Fragments of plasmid pIP816, which confers high-level glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium BM4147, were cloned into a conjugative gram-negative-gram-positive shuttle vector. The resulting...
Dissemination of amikacin resistance gene aphA6 in Acinetobacter spp.
Lambert, T, Gerbaud, G, Bouvet, P, Vieu, J F, Courvalin, P
The distribution of the aphA6 gene, encoding a 3'-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase type VI, was studied by dot blot hybridization with 115 amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter strains from various...
Emergence of aminoglycoside resistance genes aadA and aadE in the genus Campylobacter.
Pinto-Alphandary, H, Mabilat, C, Courvalin, P
Resistance to streptomycin or spectinomycin or both in five Campylobacter coli strains, two Campylobacter jejuni strains, and a Campylobacter-like strain was studied by enzymatic assays and dot blot...
Emergence of 4',4"-aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase in enterococci.
Enterococcus faecium BM4102 was resistant to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B-type (MLS) antibiotics; tetracycline-minocycline; and high levels of kanamycin, neomycin, tobramycin, and dibekacin...
Gene heterogeneity for tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus spp.
Bismuth, R, Zilhao, R, Sakamoto, H, Guesdon, J L, Courvalin, P
Nucleotide sequences related to four tet genes were studied by hybridization in 183 clinical Staphylococcus isolates. tet(K) predominated in strains resistant only to tetracycline, while tet(M) was...
Dutka-Malen, S, Leclercq, R, Coutant, V, Duval, J, Courvalin, P
Gram-positive glycopeptide-resistant bacteria isolated in various hospitals in Europe and in the United States between 1986 and 1988 were collected. Three resistance phenotypes could be...
Arthur, M, Molinas, C, Mabilat, C, Courvalin, P
Genes belonging to different erm DNA hybridization classes were selectively amplified by polymerase chain reaction with a pair of oligonucleotides that corresponded to conserved amino acid motifs in...
Gene homogeneity for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in gram-positive cocci.
Ounissi, H, Derlot, E, Carlier, C, Courvalin, P
Aminoglycoside-resistant strains of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus, approximately 500 of each, were screened by dot blot hybridization for the presence of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying...
Based on the DNA sequences of blaTEM-1 and blaTEM-2, which encode parental penicillinases TEM-1 and TEM-2, respectively, and blaTEM-3, blaTEM-4, blaTEM-5, blaTEM-6, and blaTEM-7, which encode...
Lambert, T, Gerbaud, G, Courvalin, P
Acinetobacter baumannii BM2580 resistant to kanamycin and structurally related antibiotics, including amikacin, was isolated from a clinical specimen. A phosphocellulose paper-binding assay and DNA...
DNA annealing studies indicated that kanamycin resistance in Campylobacter strains from various geographical areas is encoded by a gene structurally related to aphA-3 of gram-positive cocci. This...
Storrs, M J, Courvalin, P, Foster, T J
Methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Dublin hospitals have been classified into groups I, II, and III based on resistance to antimicrobial agents and...
Nomenclature for tetracycline resistance determinants.
Levy, S B, McMurry, L M, Burdett, V, Courvalin, P, Hillen, W, Roberts, M C, ...
Tetracycline resistance determinants are widespread and distinguishable genetically and biochemically. The nomenclature for this increasing number of determinants has been varied and inconsistent....
Paul, G C, Gerbaud, G, Bure, A, Philippon, A M, Pangon, B, Courvalin, P
A clinical isolate of Escherichia coli, strain CB-134, recovered in 1986 from an abdominal abscess, exhibited resistance to penams, oxyimino-beta-lactams including broad-spectrum cephalosporins...
Arthur, M, Andremont, A, Courvalin, P
The distribution of nucleotide sequences related to ereA, ereB, and ermAM was studied by colony hybridization in 112 strains of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae that are highly resistant to...
Chaslus-Dancla, E, Gerbaud, G, Lagorce, M, Lafont, J P, Courvalin, P
We studied eight strains of Escherichia coli resistant to high levels of trimethoprim that were isolated over a 6-week period in a commercial breeding flock of broilers. The strains originated from...
Ouellette, M, Gerbaud, G, Lambert, T, Courvalin, P
A Campylobacter-like organism, BM2196, resistant to kanamycin and streptomycin-spectinomycin was isolated from the feces of a patient with acute enteritis. The kanamycin and...
Detection of a second mechanism of resistance to gentamicin in animal strains of Escherichia coli.
Chaslus-Dancla, E, Gerbaud, G, Martel, J L, Lagorce, M, Lafont, J P, Courvalin, P
One mechanism of plasmid-mediated resistance to gentamicin in Escherichia coli strains isolated from animals is due to the synthesis of the aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase type IV. A second...
Phenotypic expression and genetic heterogeneity of lincosamide inactivation in Staphylococcus spp.
Leclercq, R, Brisson-Noël, A, Duval, J, Courvalin, P
We examined the resistance phenotype and the genetic basis of lincosamide modification in 25 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. inactivating lincomycin and clindamycin. The strains were...
Occurrence of the Campylobacter resistance gene tetO in Enterococcus and Streptococcus spp.
Zilhao, R, Papadopoulou, B, Courvalin, P
The distribution of nucleotide sequences related to tetK, tetL, tetM, and tetO was studied by dot blot hybridization in 178 strains of Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp. that were resistant to...
Chaslus-Dancla, E, Martel, J L, Carlier, C, Lafont, J P, Courvalin, P
We studied two outbreaks of calf salmonellosis caused by apramycin and gentamicin-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains. In both cases, the responsible strains were resistant to ampicillin,...
Contribution of two different mechanisms to erythromycin resistance in Escherichia coli.
Escherichia coli BM2570 was resistant to high levels of erythromycin by two different mechanisms. The two genes conferring resistance to erythromycin in BM2570 were carried by a 150-kilobase...
Acquired VanA- and VanB-type glycopeptide resistance in enterococci is due to synthesis of modified peptidoglycan precursors terminating in D-lactate. As opposed to VanA-type strains which are...
Arthur, M, Depardieu, F, Gerbaud, G, Galimand, M, Leclercq, R, Courvalin, P
Transposon Tn1546 from Enterococcus faecium BM4147 encodes a histidine protein kinase (VanS) and a response regulator (VanR) that regulate transcription of the vanHAX operon encoding a dehydrogenase...
Plasmid-mediated resistance to lincomycin by inactivation in Staphylococcus haemolyticus.
Leclercq, R, Carlier, C, Duval, J, Courvalin, P
Staphylococcus haemolyticus BM4610 was resistant to high levels of lincomycin and susceptible to macrolides, clindamycin, and streptogramins. This resistance phenotype, not previously reported for a...
Plasmid-mediated high-level resistance to erythromycin in Escherichia coli.
Andremont, A, Gerbaud, G, Courvalin, P
Escherichia coli BM2195 was found to be resistant to high levels of erythromycin. This new resistance phenotype was due to the constitutive synthesis of an erythromycin esterase which inactivates the...
Susceptibility of Campylobacter pyloridis to 20 antimicrobial agents.
Lambert, T, Mégraud, F, Gerbaud, G, Courvalin, P
The susceptibility of 50 strains of Campylobacter pyloridis, isolated from human gastric biopsies, to 20 antimicrobial agents representing the different families of antibiotics was tested. The...
Moubareck, C., Bourgeois, N., Courvalin, P., Doucet-Populaire, F.
It has been proposed that food animals represent the source of glycopeptide resistance genes present in enterococci from humans. We demonstrated the transfer of vanA and of other resistance genes...
Menard, R, Molinas, C, Arthur, M, Duval, J, Courvalin, P, Leclercq, R
Escherichia coli HM69, isolated from urine, was resistant to high levels of kanamycin (MIC, > 1,000 micrograms/ml) and a low level of tobramycin (MIC, 8 micrograms/ml). Phosphocellulose paper-binding...
Galimand, M, Lambert, T, Gerbaud, G, Courvalin, P
Pseudomonas aeruginosa BM2656 was resistant to tobramycin and susceptible to gentamicin and amikacin by disk diffusion testing. This unusual resistance was not transferable by conjugation to...
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ii gene specific for Enterococcus faecium.
Costa, Y, Galimand, M, Leclercq, R, Duval, J, Courvalin, P
Chromosomal gene aac(6')-Ii of Enterococcus faecium CIP 54-32, encoding a 6'-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase was characterized. The gene was identified as a coding sequence of 549 bp corresponding...
Tankovic, J, Desplaces, N, Duval, J, Courvalin, P
Staphylococcus aureus BM4626 (ciprofloxacin MIC, 0.5 microgram/ml) and BM4627 (ciprofloxacin MIC, 32 microgram/ml) were isolated from the same patient before and during pefloxcin therapy for septic...
Detection of aac(6')-I genes in amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter spp. by PCR.
Ploy, M C, Giamarellou, H, Bourlioux, P, Courvalin, P, Lambert, T
The distribution of aac(6')-I genes in 62 strains of Acinetobacter spp. resistant to amikacin, netilmicin, and tobramycin and susceptible to gentamicin, a phenotype compatible with synthesis of an...
Genetic basis of tetracycline resistance in clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes.
Poyart-Salmeron, C, Trieu-Cuot, P, Carlier, C, MacGowan, A, McLauchlin, J, Courvalin, P
The genetic basis of tetracycline resistance was studied in 25 clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. Resistance to tetracycline was associated with resistance to minocycline and due to the...
Doucet-Populaire, F, Trieu-Cuot, P, Andremont, A, Courvalin, P
We have studied the transfer of the conjugative shuttle plasmid pAT191, which confers resistance to kanamycin, from Enterococcus faecalis to Escherichia coli in the digestive tracts of six...
Arthur, M, Molinas, C, Bugg, T D, Wright, G D, Walsh, C T, Courvalin, P
The VanA ligase encoded by the vancomycin resistance plasmid pIP816 of Enterococcus faecium BM4147 condenses D-alanine with various D-2-hydroxy and D-2-amino acids in vitro. D-Lactate added to the...
Wright, G D, Molinas, C, Arthur, M, Courvalin, P, Walsh, C T
VanY is a protein with a molecular mass of 34.8 kDa encoded by vanY, a member of the high-level vancomycin resistance gene cluster found on plasmid pIP816 in Enterococcus faecium BM4147. Extracts...
Lambert, T, Gerbaud, G, Galimand, M, Courvalin, P
The amikacin resistance gene acc(6')-Ig of Acinetobacter haemolyticus BM2685 encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase was characterized. The gene was identified as a coding sequence of 438...
Rende-Fournier, R, Leclercq, R, Galimand, M, Duval, J, Courvalin, P
Enterococcus faecium BM4145, a clinical isolate from urine, was resistant to streptogramin group A antibiotics by inactivation. The strain harbored a plasmid containing a gene, satA, responsible for...
Vancomycin resistance gene vanC is specific to Enterococcus gallinarum.
Leclercq, R, Dutka-Malen, S, Duval, J, Courvalin, P
Nearly all strains of Enterococcus gallinarum are resistant to low levels of vancomycin. The glycopeptide resistance gene vanC from E. gallinarum BM4174 has recently been cloned and sequenced. A...
Arthur, M, Molinas, C, Depardieu, F, Courvalin, P
Sequence determination of the flanking regions of the vancomycin resistance van gene cluster carried by pIP816 in Enterococcus faecium BM4147 revealed similarity to transposons of the Tn3 family....
Arthur, M, Molinas, C, Courvalin, P
Plasmid pIP816 of Enterococcus faecium BM4147 confers inducible resistance to vancomycin and encodes the VanH dehydrogenase and the VanA ligase for synthesis of depsipeptide-containing peptidoglycan...
Storrs, M J, Poyart-Salmeron, C, Trieu-Cuot, P, Courvalin, P
Transposon Tn916 is a 16.4-kb broad-host-range conjugative transposon originally detected in the chromosome of Enterococcus faecalis DS16. Transposition of Tn916 and related transposons involves...
Evidence for natural gene transfer from gram-positive cocci to Escherichia coli.
Brisson-Noël, A, Arthur, M, Courvalin, P
High-level resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin type B (MLS) antibiotics in Escherichia coli BM2570 is due to the presence on the conjugative plasmid pIP1527 of the MLS resistance...
Conjugative plasmid transfer from Enterococcus faecalis to Escherichia coli.
Trieu-Cuot, P, Carlier, C, Courvalin, P
The possibility of transfer of genetic information by conjugation from gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria was investigated with a pBR322-pAM beta 1 chimeric plasmid, designated pAT191. This...
Ferretti, J J, Gilmore, K S, Courvalin, P
The gene specifying the bifunctional 6'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase [AAC(6')] 2"-aminoglycoside phosphotransferase [APH(2")] enzyme from the Streptococcus faecalis plasmid pIP800 was cloned in...
Dutka-Malen, S, Evers, S, Courvalin, P
A PCR assay that allows simultaneous detection of glycopeptide resistance genotypes and identification to the species level of clinically relevant enterococci (Enterococcus faecium, E. faecalis, E....
Identification of clinically relevant viridans group streptococci to the species level by PCR.
Garnier, F, Gerbaud, G, Courvalin, P, Galimand, M
A PCR assay that allows identification of clinically relevant viridans group streptococci (Streptococcus gordonii, S. mitis, S. mutans, S. oralis, S. salivarius, and S. sanguis) to the species level...
Leclercq, R, Bingen, E, Su, Q H, Lambert-Zechovski, N, Courvalin, P, Duval, J
Activities of combinations of beta-lactams, daptomycin, gentamicin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin against 11 clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium highly resistant to glycopeptides, three...
Doucet-Populaire, F, Trieu-Cuot, P, Dosbaa, I, Andremont, A, Courvalin, P
Transfer of conjugative transposon Tn1545 from Enterococcus faecalis to Listeria monocytogenes was studied in vitro and in vivo. Tn1545 transferred following filter mating at a frequency of 2.5 x...