Scientific Commons: P. J. Lucassen

Prenatal stress reduces postnatal neurogenesis in rats selectively bred for high, but not low, anxiety: possible key role of placental 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (2009)

Lucassen, P. J., Bosch, O. J., Jousma, E., Krömer, S. A., Andrew, R., Seckl, J. R., ...

Opposite effects of early maternal deprivation on neurogenesis in male versus female rats (2009)

Oomen, C.A., Girardi, C.E.N., Cahyadi, R., Verbeek, E.C., Krugers, H., Joëls, M., ...

Background: Major depression is more prevalent in women than in men. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms are not well understood, but recent data shows that hippocampal volume reductions in...

Long-term cognitive deficits accompanied by reduced neurogenesis after soman poisoning (2009)

Joosen, M.J.A., Jousma, E., Kuijpers, W.C., Smit, A.B., Lucassen, P.J., ...

To date, treatment of organophosphate (OP) poisoning shows several shortcomings, and OP-victims might suffer from lasting cognitive deficits and sleep–wake disturbances. In the present study,...

Prenatal stress reduces postnatal neurogenesis in rats selectively bred for high, but not low, anxiety: Possible key role of placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (2009)

Lucassen, P.J., Bosch, O.J., Jousma, E., Krömer, S.A., Andrew, R., Seckl, J.R., ...

Prenatal stress (PS) produces persistent abnormalities in anxiety-related behaviors, stress responsivity, susceptibility to psychopathology and hippocampal changes in adult offspring. The hippocampus...

Adult neurogenesis and the unfolded protein response; new cellular and molecular avenues in sleep research (2009)

Lucassen, P.J., Scheper, W.

Two recent publications in this journal highlight the impact of new developments for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the consequences of sleep disturbance and sleep loss. Meerlo et al....

Nieuwe neuronen in volwassen hersenen (2009)

Boekhoorn, K., Lucassen, P.J.

Lange tijd is aangenomen dat celdeling en de geboorte van zenuwcellen alleen tijdens de vroege hersenontwikkeling voorkwamen. Diverse studies tonen nu echter aan dat in volwassen hersenen nog steeds...

Do depression, stress, sleep disruption, and inflammation alter hippocampal apoptosis and neurogenesis? (2009)

Lucassen, P.J., Meerlo, P., Naylor, A.S., Dam, A.M. Van, Dayer, A.G., Czeh, B., ...

We discuss the regulation of cellular plasticity, focusing on neurogenesis and apoptosis in the adult hippocampus, by stress, sleep, inflammation, and depression. This is the fourth of five chapters...

Doublecortin (DCX) and doublecortin-like (DCL) are differentially expressed in the early but not late stages of murine neocortical development. (2008)

Boekhoorn, K., Sarabdjitsingh, A., Kommerie, H., De Punder, K., Schouten, T., Lucassen, P.J., ...

During corticogenesis, radial glia-derived neural progenitors divide and migrate along radial fibers to their designated positions within the cortical plate. The microtubule-associated proteins...

Changes in adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases: cause or consequence? (2008)

Thompson, A.L., Boekhoorn, K., Dam, A.M., Lucassen, P.J.

This review addresses the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and stem cells in some of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and their related animal models. We discuss recent literature in...

Changes in adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases: Cause or consequence? (2008)

Thompson, A.L., Boekhoorn, K., Dam, A.M., Lucassen, P.J.

This review addresses the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and stem cells in some of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and their related animal models. We discuss recent literature in...

Doublecortin (DCX) and doublecortin-like (DCL) are differentially expressed in the early but not late stages of murine neocortical development (2008)

Boekhoorn, K., Sarabdjitsingh, A., Kommerie, H., Punder, K. De, Schouten, T., Lucassen, P.J., ...

During corticogenesis, radial glia-derived neural progenitors divide and migrate along radial fibers to their designated positions within the cortical plate. The microtubule-associated proteins...

Alzheimer's disease: Cerebrovascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and advanced clinical therapies (2008)

Marlatt, M.W., Lucassen, P.J., Perry, G., Smith, M.A., Zhu, X.

Many lines of independent research have provided convergent evidence regarding oxidative stress, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical studies spurred by these...

Wat doen die nieuwe hersencellen daar? Neurogenese en celdood in volwassen hersenen (2008)

Lucassen, P.J., Verbeek, E.C., Oomen, C.A.

Regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis by systemic factors including stress, glucocorticoids, sleep, and inflammation (2008)

Lucassen, P.J., Oomen, C., Dam, A.-M. Van, Czéh, B.

This review summarizes and discusses the regulation of adult neurogenesis and hippocampal cellular plasticity by systemic factors. We focus on the role of stress, glucocorticoids, and related factors...

Abnormal motoneuron migration, differentiation, and axon outgrowth in spinal muscular atrophy (2008)

Simic, G., Mladinov, M., Seso Simic, D., Jovanov Milosevic, N., Islam, A., Pajtak, A., ...

The role of heterotopic (migratory) motoneurons (HMN) in the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is still controversial. We examined the occurrence and amount of HMN in spinal cord tissue...

Changes in neurogenesis in dementia and Alzheimer mouse models: are they functionally relevant? (2007)

Boekhoorn, K., Lucassen, P.J.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are devastating disorders that lead to the progressive decline of cognitive functions. Characteristic features are severe brain atrophy, paralleled by...

Differential effects of stress on adult hippocampal cell proliferation in low and high aggressive mice. (2007)

Veenema, A.H., Kloet, E.R. De, Wilde, M.C. De, Roelofs, A.J., Kawata, M., Buwalda, B., ...

Male wild house mice selected for a long (LAL) or a short (SAL) latency to attack a male intruder generally show opposing behavioural coping responses to environmental challenges. LAL mice, unlike...

Chronic stress: Implications for neuronal morphology, function and neurogenesis. (2007)

Joels, M., Karst, H., Krugers, H., Lucassen, P.J.

In normal life, organisms are repeatedly exposed to brief periods of stress, most of which can be controlled and adequately dealt with. The presently available data indicate that such brief periods...

What causes the hippocampal volume decrease in depression? : Are neurogenesis, glial changes and apoptosis implicated? (2007)

Czeh, B., Lucassen, P.J.

Even though in vivo imaging studies document significant reductions of hippocampal volume in depressed patients, the exact underlying cellular mechanisms are unclear. Since stressful life events are...

Tau-4R suppresses proliferation and promotes neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus of tau knockin/knockout mice. (2007)

Sennvik, K., Boekhoorn, K., Lasrado, R., Terwel, D., Verhaeghe, S., Korr, H., ...

Differential isoform expression and phosphorylation of protein tau are believed to regulate the assembly and stabilization of microtubuli in fetal and adult neurons. To define the functions of tau in...

Dissociation between apoptosis, neurogenesis, and synaptic potentiation in the dentate gyrus of adrenalectomized rats. (2007)

Krugers, H., Linden, S. Van Der, Olst, E Van, Alfarez, D.N., Maslam, S., Lucassen, P.J., ...

Removal of adrenal hormone corticosterone in rats aged 3-4 months results within 3 days in acceleration of apoptosis and proliferation of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). A critical question...

Doublecortin-like, a microtubule-associated protein expressed in radial glia, is crucial for neuronal precursor division and radial process stability. (2007)

Vreugdenhil, E., Kolk, S.H., Boekhoorn, K., Fitzsimons, C.P., Schaaf, M, Schouten, Th., ...

During corticogenesis, progenitors divide within the ventricular zone where they rely on radial process extensions, formed by radial glial cell (RG) scaffolds, along which they migrate to the proper...

Changes in neurogenesis in dementia and Alzheimer mouse models: are they functionally relevant? (2007)

Kuhn, H.G., Cooper-Kuhn, C.M., Boekhoorn, K., Lucassen, P.J.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are devastating disorders that lead to the progressive decline of cognitive functions. Characteristic features are severe brain atrophy, paralleled by...

Brief treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone normalizes the reduction in neurogenesis after chronic stress. (2007)

Oomen, C.A., Mayer, J.L., Kloet, E.R. De, Joels, M., Lucassen, P.J.

In rodents, stress suppresses adult neurogenesis. This is thought to involve activation of glucocorticoid receptors in the brain. In the present study, we therefore questioned whether glucocorticoid...

Mature astrocytes in the adult human neocortex express the early neuronal marker doublecortin. (2007)

Verwer, R.W.H., Sluiter, A.A., Balesar, R.A., Baayen, J.C., Noske, D.P., Dirven, C.M., ...

Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein expressed by migrating neuroblasts and is considered to be a reliable marker of neurogenesis. DCX has been used to study the relation between...

Tau-4R suppresses proliferation and promotes neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus of tau knockin/knockout mice (2007)

Sennvik, K., Boekhoorn, K., Lasrado, R., Terwel, D., Verhaege, S., Korr, H., ...

Differential isoform expression and phosphorylation of protein tau are believed to regulate the assembly and stabilization of microtubuli in fetal and adult neurons. To define the functions of tau in...

Brief treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone normalizes the reduction in neurogenesis after chronic stress. (2007)

Oomen, C.A., Mayer, J.L., Kloet, E.R. De, Joëls, M., Lucassen, P.J.

In rodents, stress suppresses adult neurogenesis. This is thought to involve activation of glucocorticoid receptors in the brain. In the present study, we therefore questioned whether glucocorticoid...

Mature astrocytes in the adult human neocortex express the early neuronal marker doublecortin. (2007)

Verwer, R.W.H., Sluiter, A.A., Balesar, R.A., Baayen, J.C., Noske, D.P., Dirven, C.M., ...

Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein expressed by migrating neuroblasts and is considered to be a reliable marker of neurogenesis. DCX has been used to study the relation between...

Changes in neurogenesis in dementia and Alzheimer mouse models: are they functionally relevant? (2007)

Kuhn, H.G., Cooper-Kuhn, C.M., Boekhoorn, K., Lucassen, P.J.

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are devastating disorders that lead to the progressive decline of cognitive functions. Characteristic features are severe brain atrophy, paralleled by...

Differential effects of stress on adult hippocampal cell proliferation in low and high aggressive mice. (2007)

Veenema, A.H., Kloet, E.R. De, Wilde, M.C. De, Roelofs, A.J., Kawata, M., Buwalda, B., ...

Male wild house mice selected for a long (LAL) or a short (SAL) latency to attack a male intruder generally show opposing behavioural coping responses to environmental challenges. LAL mice, unlike...

Chronic stress: Implications for neuronal morphology, function and neurogenesis. (2007)

Joëls, M., Karst, H., Krugers, H., Lucassen, P.J.

In normal life, organisms are repeatedly exposed to brief periods of stress, most of which can be controlled and adequately dealt with. The presently available data indicate that such brief periods...

What causes the hippocampal volume decrease in depression? : Are neurogenesis, glial changes and apoptosis implicated? (2007)

Czeh, B., Lucassen, P.J.

Even though in vivo imaging studies document significant reductions of hippocampal volume in depressed patients, the exact underlying cellular mechanisms are unclear. Since stressful life events are...

Tau-4R suppresses proliferation and promotes neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus of tau knockin/knockout mice. (2007)

Sennvik, K., Boekhoorn, K., Lasrado, R., Terwel, D., Verhaeghe, S., Korr, H., ...

Differential isoform expression and phosphorylation of protein tau are believed to regulate the assembly and stabilization of microtubuli in fetal and adult neurons. To define the functions of tau in...

Dissociation between apoptosis, neurogenesis, and synaptic potentiation in the dentate gyrus of adrenalectomized rats. (2007)

Krugers, H., Linden, S. Van Der, Olst, E Van, Alfarez, D.N., Maslam, S., Lucassen, P.J., ...

Removal of adrenal hormone corticosterone in rats aged 3-4 months results within 3 days in acceleration of apoptosis and proliferation of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). A critical question...

Doublecortin-like, a microtubule-associated protein expressed in radial glia, is crucial for neuronal precursor division and radial process stability. (2007)

Vreugdenhil, E., Kolk, S.H., Boekhoorn, K., Fitzsimons, C.P., Schaaf, M, Schouten, Th., ...

During corticogenesis, progenitors divide within the ventricular zone where they rely on radial process extensions, formed by radial glial cell (RG) scaffolds, along which they migrate to the proper...

Mature astrocytes in the adult human neocortex express the early neuronal marker doublecortin (2007)

Verwer, R. W. H., Sluiter, A. A., Balesar, R. A., Baayen, J. C., Noske, D. P., Dirven, C. M. F., ...

Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein expressed by migrating neuroblasts and is considered to be a reliable marker of neurogenesis. DCX has been used to study the relation between...

Stress, depression and hippocampal apoptosis (2006)

Lucassen, P.J., Heine, V.M., Muller, M.B., Wiegant, V.M., De Kloet, E.R., ...

In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies on structural plasticity changes, particularly apoptosis, in the mammalian hippocampus in relation to stress and depression. Apoptosis...

Stress, Depression and Hippocampal Apoptosis. (2006)

Lucassen, P.J., Heine, V.M., Beek, E. Van Der, Wiegant, V., Kloet, E.R. De, Joels, M., ...

In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies on structural plasticity changes, particularly apoptosis, in the mammalian hippocampus in relation to stress and depression. Apoptosis...

Improved long-term potentiation and memory in young tau-P301L transgenic mice before onset of hyperphosphorylation and tauopathy (2006)

Boekhoorn, K., Terwel, D., Biemans, B., Borghgraef, P., Wiegert, O., Ramakers, G.J.A., ...

The microtubule binding protein tau is implicated in neurodegenerative tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with Parkinsonism caused by diverse mutations in the tau gene....

Increased proliferation reflects glial and vascular-associated changes, but not neurogenesis in the presenile Alzheimer hippocampus. (2006)

Boekhoorn, K., Joels, M., Lucassen, P.J.

Adult proliferation and hippocampal neurogenesis are stimulated by injury. In agreement, aberrant cell-cycle-related protein expression has been reported in senile Alzheimer's disease (AD), where the...

Branching of calyceal afferents during postnatal development in the rat auditory brainstem. (2006)

Rodriquez-Contrera, A, Lucassen, P.J., Borst, J.G.G.

Cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (aVCN) send out calyceal axons that form large excitatory somatic terminals, the calyces of Held, onto principal cells of the contralateral medial nucleus...

Brief treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifeprestone normalizes the corticosterone-induced reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (2006)

Mayer, J., Klumpers, L., Maslam, S., Kloet, E.R. De, Joels, M., Lucassen, P.J.

The glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone has been shown to rapidly and effectively ameliorate symptoms of psychotic major depression. To better understand its mechanism, we investigated...

Improved long-term potentiation and memory in young tau-P301L transgenic mice before onset of hyperphosphorylation and tauopathy (2006)

Boekhoorn, K., Terwel, D., Biemans, B., Borghgraef, P., Wiegert, O., Ramakers, G.J.A., ...

The microtubule binding protein tau is implicated in neurodegenerative tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with Parkinsonism caused by diverse mutations in the tau gene....

Improved long-term potentiation and memory in young tau-P301L transgenic mice before onset of hyperphosphorylation and tauopathy (2006)

Boekhoorn, K., Terwel, D., Biemans, B., Borghgraef, P., Wiegert, O., Ramakers, G.J.A., ...

The microtubule binding protein tau is implicated in neurodegenerative tauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with Parkinsonism caused by diverse mutations in the tau gene....

Increased proliferation reflects glial and vascular-associated changes, but not neurogenesis in the presenile Alzheimer hippocampus. (2006)

Boekhoorn, K., Joëls, M., Lucassen, P.J.

Adult proliferation and hippocampal neurogenesis are stimulated by injury. In agreement, aberrant cell-cycle-related protein expression has been reported in senile Alzheimer's disease (AD), where the...

Branching of calyceal afferents during postnatal development in the rat auditory brainstem. (2006)

Rodriquez-Contrera, A, Lucassen, P.J., Borst, J.G.G.

Cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (aVCN) send out calyceal axons that form large excitatory somatic terminals, the calyces of Held, onto principal cells of the contralateral medial nucleus...

Brief treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifeprestone normalizes the corticosterone-induced reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (2006)

Mayer, J., Klumpers, L., Maslam, S., Kloet, E.R. De, Joëls, M., Lucassen, P.J.

The glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone has been shown to rapidly and effectively ameliorate symptoms of psychotic major depression. To better understand its mechanism, we investigated...

The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration (2005)

Swaab, D.F., Bao, A.M, Lucassen, P.J.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays a central role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, i.e., the final common pathway in the stress response. The action of CRH...

Chronic stress in the adult dentate gyrus reduces cell proliferation near the vasculature and VEGF and Flk-1 protein expression (2005)

Heine, V.M., Zareno, J., Maslam, S., Joels, M., Lucassen, P.J.

Recent evidence has shown that cell proliferation in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus occurs in tight clusters located near the vasculature. Also, changes in neurogenesis often appear parallel to...

The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration (2005)

Swaab, D.F., Bao, A.M, Lucassen, P.J.

Preclinical studies with tianeptine reinforce the neuroplasticity approach to the pathophysiology of major depression (2005)

Fuchs, E., Czeh, B., Lucassen, P. J., McEwen, B. S., Michaelis, T., Chattarji, S., ...

Neuronal Number, Volume, and Apoptosis of the Left Dentate Gyrus of Chronically Stressed Pigs Correlate Negatively With Basal Saliva Cortisol Levels (2004)

Wiegant, V.M., Schouten, W.G.P., Loijens, L.W.S., Plas, C., ...

Although the consequences of stress and hypercortisolemia for the rodent hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are well known, little is known about other species. For pigs, tethered housing represents a...

Effects of chronic stress on structure and cell function in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus (2004)

Joels, M., Karst, H., Alfarez, D.N., Heine, V.M., Qin, Y.J., Riel, E. Van, ...

It has become increasingly clear that the increase in corticosteroid levels, e.g. after a brief stressor induce molecular and cellular changes in brain, including the hippocampal formation. These...

Neuronal number, volume, and apoptosis of the left dentate gyrus of chronically stressed pigs correlate negatively with basal saliva cortisol levels (2004)

Wiegant, V.M., Schouten, W.G., Loijens, L.W.S., Plas, C. Van Der, ...

Prominent decline of newborn cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in the aging dentate gyrus, in absence of an age-related hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation (2004)

Heine, V.M., Maslam, S., Joels, M., Lucassen, P.J.

Gene expression profiles associated with survival of individual rat dentate cells after endogenous corticosteroid deprivation. (2004)

Nair, S.M., Karst, H., Dumas, T., Philips, R., Sapolsky, R.M., ...

Removal of circulating corticosterone by adrenalectomy (ADX) leads to apoptosis after 3 days in a small population of rat dentate granule neurons, whereas most surrounding cells remain viable....

Increased P27KIP1 protein expression in the dentate gyrus of chronically stressed rats indicates G(1) arrest involvement (2004)

Heine, V.M., Maslam, S., Joels, M., Lucassen, P.J.

Various chronic stress paradigms decrease new cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, yet the exact underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the first gap (G1) phase of the cell cycle,...

Alterations of neuroplasticity in depression: the hippocampus and beyond (2004)

Fuchs, E., Czeh, B., Kole, M., Michaelis, T., Lucassen, P.J.

Early hypotheses on the pathophysiology of major depression were based on aberrant intrasynaptic concentrations of mainly the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine. However, recent...

Suppressed proliferation and apoptotic changes in the rat dentate gyrus after acute and chronic stress are reversible (2004)

Heine, V.M., Maslam, S, Zareno, J, Joëls, M, Lucassen, P.J.

Acute stress suppresses new cell birth in the hippocampus in several species. Relatively little is known, however, on how chronic stress affects the turnover, i.e. proliferation and apoptosis, of the...

Antidepressant treatment with tianeptine reduces apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and temporal cortex (2004)

Lucassen, P.J., Czeh, B, Fuchs, E

Prominent decline of newborn of newborn cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in the aging dentate gyrus, in the absence of an age-related hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activation (2004)

Lucassen, P.J.

Alterations of neuroplasticity in depression: the hippocampus and beyond (2004)

Fuchs, E., Czeh, B., Kole, M. H. P., Michaelis, T., Lucassen, P. J.

Alterations of neuroplasticity in depression: The hippocampus and beyond (2004)

Fuchs, E., Czeh, B., Michaelis, T., Lucassen, P. J., Kole, M. H. P.

Preclinical studies with tianeptine support new theories on the pathophysiology of major depression (2004)

Fuchs, E., Czeh, B., Michaelis, T., Lucassen, P. J., McEwen, B. S., Magarinos, A. M.

Antidepressant treatment with tianeptine reduces apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and temporal cortex (2004)

Lucassen, P.J., Fuchs, E., Czeh, B.

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical and preclinical studies suggest that major depression may be related to impairments of structural plasticity. Consequently, antidepressants may act by restoring altered...

Suppressed proliferation and apoptotic changes in the rat dentate gyrus after acute and chronic stress are reversible (2004)

Heine, V.M., Maslam, S., Zareno, J., Joels, M., Lucassen, P.J.

Acute stress suppresses new cell birth in the hippocampus in several species. Relatively little is known, however, on how chronic stress affects the turnover, i.e. proliferation and apoptosis, of the...

Very low levels of the glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform in the human hippocampus as shown by Taqman RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry (2003)

Rijk, R. De, Schaaf, M., Stam, F.J., Swaab, D.F., Vreugdenhof, E., ...

Very low levels of the glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform in the human hippocampus as shown by Taqman RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry (2003)

Rijk De, R.H., Schaaf, M, Stam, F.J., Swaab, D.F., Ravid, R., ...

Neuronal cell death in a rat model for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is induced by the initial status epilepticus and not by later repeated spontaneous seizures (2003)

Gorter, J.A., Goncalves Pereira, P.M., Vliet, E.A. Van, Aronica, E.M.A., Lopes Da Silva, F.H., Lucassen, P.J.

Gene expression patterns in rat dentate granule cells: comparison between fresh and fixed tissue. (2003)

Qin, Y.J., Heine, V.M., Karst, H., Lucassen, P.J., Joels, M.

Neuronal cell death in a rat model for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is induced by the initial status epilepticus and not by later repeated spontaneous seizures (2003)

Gorter, J.A., Goncalves Pereira, P.M., Vliet, E.A. Van, Aronica, E.M.A., Lopes Da Silva, F.H., Lucassen, P.J.

Very low levels of the glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform in the human hippocampus as shown by Taqman RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry (2003)

Rijk De, R.H., Schaaf, M, Stam, F.J., Swaab, D.F., Ravid, R., ...