Generating and Visualizing a Soccer Knowledge Base (2009)
Paul Buitelaar, Thomas Eigner, Greg Gulrajani, Er Schutz, Melanie Siegel, Nicolas Weber, ...
This demo abstract describes the SmartWeb Ontology-based Annotation system (SOBA). A key feature of SOBA is that all information is extracted and stored with respect to the SmartWeb Integrated...
Evaluating Ontology Search (2009)
Abstract. As more and more ontologies are being published on the Semantic Web, selecting the most appropriate ontology will become an increasingly important subtask in Semantic Web applications. Here...
TEXT MINING AS SUPPORT FOR SEMANTIC VIDEO INDEXING AND ANALYSIS (2009)
Jan Nemrava, Vojtěch Svátek, Paul Buitelaar, Thierry Declerck
This paper presents our work in the field of semantic multimedia annotation and indexing with the use of complementary textual resources analysis. We describe the advantages of complementary sources...
Topic Extraction from Scientific Literature for Competency Management (2009)
Abstract We describe an approach towards automatic, dynamic and timecritical support for competency management and expertise search through topic extraction from scientific publications. In the use...
Event Alignment for Cross-Media Feature Extraction in the Football Domain (2009)
Jan Nemrava, Paul Buitelaar, Vojtech Svatek, Thierry Declerck
This paper describes an experiment in creating cross-media descriptors from football-related text and videos. We used video analysis results and combined them with several textual resources – both...
Manuel Möller, Michael Sintek, Paul Buitelaar, Saikat Mukherjee, Xiang Sean Zhou, Jörg Freund
Abstract: Rapid advances in medical imaging scanner technology have increased dramatically in the last decade the amount of medical image data generated every day. By contrast, the software...
Lexical Semantics in the Age of the Semantic Web (2009)
Lexical semantics is the study of word meaning. The semantic web is a vision of what the web could be if it would foremost consist of knowledge (structured data) rather than text or other...
A formalization of ontology learning from text (2009)
Michael Sintek, Paul Buitelaar, Daniel Olejnik, Dfki Gmbh
Abstract. Recent developments towards knowledge-based applications in general and Semantic Web applications in particular are leading to an increased interest in ontologies and in dynamic methods for...
Evaluating Ontology Search (2009)
Abstract. As more and more ontologies are being published on the Semantic Web, selecting the most appropriate ontology will become an increasingly important subtask in Semantic Web applications. Here...
Paul Buitelaar, Diana Steffen, Martin Volk, Dominic Widdows, Bogdan Sacaleanu, Špela Vintar, ...
The paper describes evaluation resources for concept-based, cross-lingual information retrieval in the medical domain. All resources were constructed in the context of the MuchMore project and are...
A formalization of ontology learning from text (2008)
Michael Sintek, Paul Buitelaar, Daniel Olejnik, Dfki Gmbh
Abstract. Recent developments towards knowledge-based applications in general and Semantic Web applications in particular are leading to an increased interest in ontologies and in dynamic methods for...
EVENT ALIGNMENT FOR CROSS-MEDIA FEATURE EXTRACTION IN THE FOOTBALL DOMAIN (2008)
Jan Nemrava, Paul Buitelaar, Vojtech Svatek, Thierry Declerck
This paper describes an experiment in creating cross-media descriptors from football-related text and videos. We used video analysis results and combined them with several textual resources – both...
SOBA: SmartWeb Ontology-based Annotation (2008)
Abstract: We describe SOBA, a sub-component of the SmartWeb multi-modal dialog system. SOBA is a component for ontology-based information extraction from soccer web pages for automatic population of...
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1 Web-based Ontology Learning with ISOLDE (2008)
Abstract The last few years saw a continuing increase in the availability of open source web-based information resources such as Wikipedia and similar initiatives. As this kind of information is...
A Multilingual/Multimedia Lexicon Model for (2008)
Paul Buitelaar, Michael Sintek, Malte Kiesel
Abstract Ontology development is mostly directed at the representation of domain knowledge and much less at the representation of textual or image-based symbols for this knowledge, i.e., the...
Dominic Widdows, Stanley Peters, Paul Buitelaar, Diana Steffen, Scott Cederberg, Beate Dorow
This paper describes techniques for unsupervised word sense disambiguation of English and German medical documents using the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). We present both monolingual...
Generating and Visualizing a Soccer Knowledge Base (2008)
Paul Buitelaar, Thomas Eigner, Greg Gulrajani, Er Schutz, Melanie Siegel, Nicolas Weber
This demo abstract describes the SmartWeb Ontology-based Annotation system (SOBA). A key feature of SOBA is that all information is extracted and stored with respect to the SmartWeb Integrated...
Modeling Linguistic Facets of Multimedia Content for Semantic Annotation (2008)
Massimo Romanelli, Paul Buitelaar, Michael Sintek
Abstract. We provide an integrated ontological framework offering coverage for deep semantic content, including ontological representation of multimedia based on the MPEG-7 standard. We link the deep...
Ontology Learning and Population in SmartWeb (2008)
The work described in this paper is concerned with the population and extension of a soccer ontology in the context of the SmartWeb 2 project. The SmartWeb system is a multi-modal dialog system that...
Lexical Enrichment of a Human Anatomy Ontology using WordNet (2008)
Abstract. This paper is concerned with lexical enrichment of ontologies, i.e. how to enrich a given ontology with lexical entries derived from a semantic lexicon. We present an approach towards the...
Paul Buitelaar, Michael Sintek, Malte Kiesel
Abstract Currently, ontology development has been mostly directed at the representation of domain knowledge (i.e., classes, relations and instances) and much less at the representation of...
Ontology Learning for Semantic Web Services (2008)
We describe the central role of ontologies in knowledge markup for semantic web services. Markup of web services with ontology-based metadata will allow for dynamic discovery and composition....
Ontologies & Text Mining (for Life Sciences) (2008)
The talk will address several issues in the application and development of ontologies: the selection of appropriate ontologies for a task; the population of a selected ontology through information...
Benjamin AdrianWorkshop Organization Programme Chairs (2008)
Benjamin Adrian, Günter Neumann, Alexander Troussov, Borislav Popov Preface, Benjamin Adrian, Guenter Neumann, ...
More and more information extraction (IE) systems use ontologies for extraction tasks. These systems use knowledge representation techniques for extracting information from unstructured or...
Organization Workshop Organizers (2008)
Stephan Bloehdorn, Marko Grobelnik, Peter Mika, Thanh Tran Duc, Bettina Berendt, Paul Buitelaar, ...
International Workshop located at the
Architecture for enhancing video analysis results using complementary resources (2007)
Nemrava, Jan, Buitelaar, Paul, Declerck, Thierry, Svátek, Vojtech, Petrák, Josef, Cobet, Andreas, ...
In this paper we present different sources of information complementary to audio-visual (A/V) streams and propose their usage for enriching A/V data with semantic concepts in order to bridge the gap...
An architecture for mining resources complementary to audio-visual streams (2007)
Nemrava, Jan, Buitelaar, Paul, Declerck, Thierry, Svátek, Vojtech, Petrák, Josef, Cobet, Andreas, ...
In this paper we attempt to characterize resources of information complementary to audio-visual (A/V) streams and propose their usage for enriching A/V data with semantic concepts in order to bridge...
Architecture for enhancing video analysis results using complementary resources (2007)
Nemrava, Jan, Buitelaar, Paul, Declerck, Thierry, Svátek, Vojtech, Petrák, Josef, Cobet, Andreas, ...
In this paper we present different sources of information complementary to audio-visual (A/V) streams and propose their usage for enriching A/V data with semantic concepts in order to bridge the gap...
An architecture for mining resources complementary to audio-visual streams (2007)
Nemrava, Jan, Buitelaar, Paul, Declerck, Thierry, Svátek, Vojtech, Petrák, Josef, Cobet, Andreas, ...
In this paper we attempt to characterize resources of information complementary to audio-visual (A/V) streams and propose their usage for enriching A/V data with semantic concepts in order to bridge...
this paper to investigate this into some respect. 1.1 Information Extraction
Compositionality and Coercion in Categorial Grammar (2007)
Paul Buitelaar, Anne-marie Mineur
In this paper we introduce coercion in Lambek calculus [7]. Coercion in natural language is studied within GL theory [13] and is named after common usage in programming language design for a similar...
Evaluation Corpora for Sense Disambiguation in the Medical Domain (2007)
Diana Raileanu, Paul Buitelaar, Spela Vintar, Jörg Bay
An important aspect of word sense disambiguation is the evaluation of different methods and parameters. Unfortunately, there is a lack of test sets for evaluation, specifically for languages other...
CrossLingual Medical Information Retrieval through Semantic Annotation (2007)
We present a framework for concept-based, cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) in the medical domain, which is under development in the MUCHMORE project. Our approach is based on using the...
Ex Sharp (chair, Nicoletta Calzolari, Antonietta Alonge, Nuria Bel, Kalina Bontcheva, Pierrette Bouillon, ...
I Linguistic aspects of lexical semantics 7
Semantic Annotation for Concept-Based Cross-Language (2007)
Medical Information Retrieval, Martin Volk, Paul Buitelaar, Diana Raileanu, Bogdan Sacaleanu
We present a framework for concept-based cross-language information retrieval in the medical domain, which is under development in the MUCHMORE project. Our approach is based on using the Unified...
Brbel Ripplinger Paul, Spela Vintar, Paul Buitelaar
We present a framework for concept-based, cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) in the medical domain, which is under development in the MUCHMORE project. Our approach is based on using the...
Using Umls, Dominic Widdows, Stanley Peters, Paul Buitelaar, Scott Cederberg, Beate Dorow
This paper describes techniques for unsupervised word sense disambiguation of English
Ontology-based Information Extraction with SOBA (2006)
Paul Buitelaar, Melanie Siegel
In this paper we describe SOBA, a sub-component of the SmartWeb multi-modal dialog system. SOBA is a component for ontologybased information extraction from soccer web pages for automatic population...
Paul Buitelaar, Thierry Declerck, Anette Frank, Malte Kiesel, Michael Sintek, Massimo Romanelli, ...
To allow for a direct connection of this linguistic information for terms with corresponding classes and properties in a domain ontology, we developed a lexicon model (LingInfo) that enables the...
Ontology-based Information Extraction with SOBA (2006)
Paul Buitelaar, Melanie Siegel
In this paper we describe SOBA, a sub-component of the SmartWeb multi-modal dialog system. SOBA is a component for ontologybased information extraction from soccer web pages for automatic population...
Ontology-based Information Extraction with SOBA (2006)
Paul Buitelaar, Melanie Siegel
In this paper we describe SOBA, a sub-component of the SmartWeb multi-modal dialog system. SOBA is a component for ontologybased information extraction from soccer web pages for automatic population...
Dolce ergo sumo: On foundational and domain models in swinto (smartweb integrated ontology (2006)
Daniel Oberle, Anupriya Ankolekar, Pascal Hitzler, Michael Sintek, Malte Kiesel, Babak Mougouie, ...
Increased availability of mobile computing, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), creates the potential for constant and intelligent access to up-to-date, integrated and detailed information...
LEILA: Learning to Extract Information by Linguistic Analysis (2006)
Suchanek, Fabian M., Ifrim, Georgiana, Weikum, Gerhard, Buitelaar, Paul, Cimiano, Philipp, Loos, Berenike
One of the challenging tasks in the context of the Semantic Web is to automatically extract instances of binary relations from Web documents - for example all pairs of a person and the corresponding...
Relext: A tool for relation extraction from text in ontology extension (2005)
Abstract. Domain ontologies very rarely model verbs as relations holding between concepts. However, the role of the verb as a central connecting element between concepts is undeniable. Verbs specify...
Unsupervised ontology-based semantic tagging for knowledge markup (2005)
Paul Buitelaar, Srikanth Ramaka
A promising approach to automating knowledge markup for the Semantic Web is the application of information extraction technology, which may be used to instantiate classes and their attributes...
Semantic navigation with VIeWs (2005)
The paper describes VIeWs, a system that combines ontologies, web-based information extraction, and automatic hyperlinking to enrich web documents with additional relevant background information. The...
Life Cycle- Michael Sintek Part III Methods in Ontology Learning from Text- (2005)
Paul Buitelaar, Marko Grobelnik, Michael Sintek, Paul Buitelaar
techniques as well as a synthesis of approaches � Provide a ‘start kit ’ for Ontology Learning � Highlight interdisciplinary aspects and
Life Cycle- Michael Sintek Part III Methods in Ontology Learning from Text- (2005)
Paul Buitelaar, Marko Grobelnik, Michael Sintek, Paul Buitelaar
techniques as well as a synthesis of approaches � Provide a ‘start kit ’ for Ontology Learning � Highlight interdisciplinary aspects and
Relext: A tool for relation extraction from text in ontology extension (2005)
Abstract. Domain ontologies very rarely model verbs as relations holding between concepts. However, the role of the verb as a central connecting element between concepts is undeniable. Verbs specify...
Semantic navigation with VIeWs (2005)
The paper describes VIeWs, a system that combines ontologies, web-based information extraction, and automatic hyperlinking to enrich web documents with additional relevant background information. The...
Feature representation for cross-lingual, cross-media semantic web applications (2005)
Paul Buitelaar, Michael Sintek, Malte Kiesel
Abstract Currently, ontology development has been mostly directed at the representation of domain knowledge (i.e., classes, relations and instances) and much less at the representation of...
OntoSelect: A Dynamic Ontology Library with Support for Ontology Selection (2004)
Paul Buitelaar, Thomas Eigner, Thierry Declerck
OntoSelect provides an access point for ontologies on any possible topic or domain that will be updated continuously, organized in a meaningful way and with automatic support for ontology selection...
Integrated language technologies for multilingual information services in the MEMPHIS project (2004)
Walter Kasper, Jörg Steffen, Jakub Piskorski, Paul Buitelaar
The MEMPHIS project integrates a large set of NLP technologies. An overview of components, their underlying technologies and
OntoSelect: A Dynamic Ontology Library with Support for Ontology Selection (2004)
Paul Buitelaar, Thomas Eigner, Thierry Declerck
OntoSelect provides an access point for ontologies on any possible topic or domain that will be updated continuously, organized in a meaningful way and with automatic support for ontology selection...
A Protege Plug-in for Ontology Extraction from Text Based on Linguistic Analysis (2004)
Paul Buitelaar, Daniel Olejnik, Michael Sintek
In this paper we describe a plug-in (OntoLT) for the widely used Protégé ontology development tool that supports the interactive extraction and/or extension of ontologies from text. The OntoLT...
Towards ontology engineering based on linguistic analysis (2004)
Paul Buitelaar, Daniel Olejnik, Mihaela Hutanu, Er Schutz, Thierry Declerck, Michael Sintek, ...
In this paper we describe OntoLT, a plug-in for the widely used Protégé ontology development tool that supports the interactive extraction and/or extension of ontologies from text. The OntoLT...
Integrated language technologies for multilingual information services in the MEMPHIS project (2004)
Walter Kasper, Jörg Steffen, Jakub Piskorski, Paul Buitelaar
The MEMPHIS project integrates a large set of NLP technologies. An overview of components, their underlying technologies and
A.: Towards A Language Infrastructure for the Semantic Web (2004)
Thierry Declerck, Paul Buitelaar, Nicoletta Calzolari, Ro Lenci
In recent years, the Internet evolved from a global medium for information exchange (directed mainly towards human users) into a ”global, virtual work environment ” (for both human users and...
Workshop on Human Language Technology for the Semantic Web and Web Services (2003)
Hamish Cunningham, Ying Ding, Atanas Kiryakov, Programme Committee, Er Maedche, Robert Bosch Gmbh, ...
Proceedings of the
OntoLT: A protégé plug-in for ontology extraction from text (2003)
John Mylopoulos, Paul Buitelaar, Daniel Olejnik, Michael Sintek, Emanuele Della Valle, Paolo Castagna, ...
Copyright on individual papers, abstracts and summaries is retained by the respective author(s).
A cross-language document retrieval system based on semantic annotation (2003)
Bogdan Sacaleanu, Paul Buitelaar, Dfki Gmbh, Dfki Gmbh
The paper describes a cross-lingual document retrieval system in the medical domain that employs a controlled vocabulary (UMLS 1) in constructing an XMLbased intermediary representation into which...
P.: Evaluating context features for medical relation mining (2003)
Špela Vintar, Ljupčo Todorovski, Daniel Sonntag, Paul Buitelaar
The paper describes a set of experiments aimed at identifying and evaluating context features and machine learning methods to identify medical semantic relations in texts. We use manually constructed...
A cross-language document retrieval system based on semantic annotation (2003)
Bogdan Sacaleanu, Dfki Gmbh, Paul Buitelaar, Martin Volk
The paper describes a cross-lingual document retrieval system in the medical domain that employs a controlled vocabu-lary (UMLS) in constructing an XML-based intermediary representation into which...
Dominic Widdows, Stanley Peters, Scott Cederberg, Chiu-ki Chan, Paul Buitelaar
This paper describes techniques for unsupervised word sense disambiguation of English and German medical documents using UMLS. We present both monolingual techniques which rely only on the structure...
Ontologies in Cross-Language Information Retrieval (2003)
Abstract: We present an approach to using ontologies as interlingua in cross-language information retrieval in the medical domain. Our approach is based on using the Unified Medical Language System...
Dominic Widdows, Stanley Peters, Scott Cederberg, Chiu-ki Chan, Paul Buitelaar
This paper describes techniques for unsupervised word sense disambiguation of English and German medical documents using UMLS. We present both monolingual techniques which rely only on the structure...
P.: Evaluating context features for medical relation mining (2003)
Špela Vintar, Ljupčo Todorovski, Daniel Sonntag, Paul Buitelaar
The paper describes a set of experiments aimed at identifying and evaluating context features and machine learning methods to identify medical semantic relations in texts. We use manually constructed...
Linguistic annotation for the semantic web (2003)
Paul Buitelaar, Thierry Declerck
Abstract. Establishing the semantic web on a large scale implies the widespread annotation
2003. Semantic relations in concept-based cross-language medical information retrieval (2003)
We explore and evaluate the usefulness of semantic annotation, particularly semantic relations, in cross-language information retrieval in the medical domain. As the baseline for automatic semantic...
Linguistic Annotation for the Semantic Web (2003)
Paul Buitelaar, Thierry Declerck
Establishing the semantic web on a large scale implies the widespread annotation of web documents with ontology-based knowledge markup. For this purpose, tools have been developed that allow for...
OntoLT: A protégé plug-in for ontology extraction from text (2003)
Paul Buitelaar, Daniel Olejnik, Michael Sintek
Ontologies are views of the world that tend to evolve rapidly over time and between different applications. Currently, ontologies are often developed in a specific context with a specific goal in...
xiii+175 pages Paperback (2003)
Paul Buitelaar, Mark Stevenson
A central aspect of natural language processing (NLP) systems is the analysis of word meaning in context. As humans we are faced with this problem every time we travel to any country of which we do...
Ontologies in Cross-Language Information Retrieval (2003)
We present an approach to using ontologies as interlingua in cross-language information retrieval in the medical domain. Our approach is based on using the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) as...
An efficient and flexible format for linguistic and semantic annotation (2002)
Špela Vintar, Paul Buitelaar, Bogdan Sacaleanu, Diana Raileanu, Detlef Prescher
The paper describes an XML annotation format and tool developed within the MUCHMORE project. The annotation scheme was designed specifically for the purposes of Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval in...
An Efficient and Flexible Format for Linguistic and Semantic Annotation (2002)
Spela Vintar Paul, Paul Buitelaar, Bogdan Sacaleanu, Diana Raileanu, Detlef Prescher, Dfki Gmbh
The paper describes an XML annotation format and tool developed within the MUCHMORE project. The annotation scheme was designed specifically for the purposes of Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval in...
Evaluation Corpora for Sense Disambiguation in the Medical Domain (2002)
Diana Raileanu Paul, Paul Buitelaar, Spela Vintar, Dfki Gmbh
An important aspect of word sense disambiguation is the evaluation of different methods and parameters. Unfortunately, there is a lack of test sets for evaluation, specifically for languages other...
Ranking and selecting synsets by domain relevance (2001)
Paul Buitelaar, Bogdan Sacaleanu
The paper presents a novel method for domain specific sense assignment. The method determines the domain specific relevance of GermaNet synsets on the basis of the relevance of their constituent...
An Unsupervised Semantic Tagger Applied to German (2001)
Paul Buitelaar, Jan Alex, Tilman Jaeger, Stephan Lesch, Norbert Pfleger, Diana Raileanu, ...
We describe an unsupervised semantic tagger, applied to German, but which could be used with any language for which a corresponding "XNet " (WordNet, GermaNet, etc.), POS tagger and...
An Unsupervised Semantic Tagger Applied to German (2001)
Paul Buitelaar, Jan Alex, Tilman Jaeger, Stephan Lesch, Norbert Pfleger, Diana Raileanu, ...
We describe an unsupervised semantic tagger, applied to German, but which could be used with any language for which a corresponding "XNet " (WordNet, GermaNet, etc.), POS tagger and...
The SENSEVAL-2 Panel on Domains, Topics and Senses (2001)
Paul Buitelaar Dfki, Paul Buitelaar
Introduction: Why Domains Matter in Sense Disambiguation An important aspect of sense disambiguation is the wider semantic space (domain, topic) in which the ambiguous word occurs. This may be most...
Semantic Annotation and Intelligent Content (2000)
Supported By Siglex, Paul Buitelaar, Kôiti Hasida
This paper describes the semantic annotations we are performing on the CallHome Japanese corpus of spontaneous, unscripted telephone conversations (LDC, 1996). Our annotations include (i) semantic...
Paul Buitelaar, Klaus Netter, Feiyu Xu
In this paper we describe an integrated approach to cross-language retrieval within the MIETTA project, whose objective is to build a special purpose search engine in the tourism domain that covers...
CoreLex: Systematic Polysemy and Underspecification (1998)
Prof Hans Uszkoreit, Dave Waltz, Paul Buitelaar
CoreLex: Systematic Polysemy and Underspecification A dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts by Paul...
CoreLex: An Ontology of Systematic Polysemous Classes (1998)
. This paper is concerned with a unified approach to the systematic polysemy and underspecification of nouns. Systematic polysemy -- senses that are systematically related and therefore predictable...
A Lexicon for Underspecified Semantic Tagging (1997)
The paper defends the notion that semantic tagging should be viewed as more than disambiguation between senses. Instead, semantic tagging should be a first step in the interpretation process by...
A lexicon for underspecified semantic tagging (1997)
The paper defends the notion that seman-tic tagging should be viewed as more than disambiguation between senses. Instead, semantic tagging should be a first step in the interpretation process by...
A compositional treatment of polysemous arguments in Categorial Grammar (1996)
Anne-marie Mineur, Paul Buitelaar
We discuss an extension of the standard logical rules (functional application and abstraction) in Categorial Grammar (CG), in order to deal with some specific cases of polysemy. We borrow from...
A compositional treatment of polysemous arguments in Categorial Grammar (1996)
Anne-marie Mineur, Paul Buitelaar
We discuss an extension of the standard logical rules (functional application and abstraction) in Categorial Grammar (CG), in order to deal with some specific cases of polysemy. We borrow from...
Bridging as Coercive Accommodation (1995)
Bos, Johan, Buitelaar, Paul, Mineur, Anne-Marie
In this paper we discuss the notion of "bridging" in Discourse Representation Theory as a tool to account for discourse referents that have only been established implicitly, through the lexical...
A Compositional Treatment of Polysemous Arguments in Categorial Grammar (1995)
Mineur, Anne-Marie, Buitelaar, Paul
We discuss an extension of the standard logical rules (functional application and abstraction) in Categorial Grammar (CG), in order to deal with some specific cases of polysemy. We borrow from...
Bridging as Coercive Accommodation (1995)
Johan Bos, Paul Buitelaar, Anne-marie Mineur
this paper we extend coercion with the notion of context, which seems not only a valid research topic but also desperately needed because of the restricted explaining power of coercion if context is...
Bridging as Coercive Accommodation (1995)
Johan Bos, Paul Buitelaar, Anne-marie Mineur
this paper we extend coercion with the notion of context, which seems not only a valid research topic but also desperately needed because of the restricted explaining power of coercion if context is...
The Use of a Lexicon to Interpret ER Diagrams: a LIKE project (1992)
A Like Project, Paul Buitelaar
In designing Information systems words are being used: words with a fixed meaning, such as keywords and words chosen by the designer denoting entities, relationships, attributes, values, actors,...
A Lexicon for Underspecified Semantic Tagging
The paper defends the notion that semantic tagging should be viewed as more than disambiguation between senses. Instead, semantic tagging should be a first step in the interpretation process by...