Integration target site selection by a resurrected human endogenous retrovirus (2009)
Brady, Troy, Lee, Young Nam, Ronen, Keshet, Malani, Nirav, Berry, Charles C., Bieniasz, Paul D., ...
At least 8% of the human genome was formed by integration of retroviral DNA sequences. Here we analyze the forces directing the accumulation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) by comparing de...
Reconstitution of an Infectious Human Endogenous Retrovirus (2007)
Young Nam Lee, Paul D. Bieniasz
The human genome represents a fossil record of ancient retroviruses that once replicated in the ancestors of contemporary humans. Indeed, approximately 8% of human DNA is composed of sequences that...
Plasma Membrane Is the Site of Productive HIV-1 Particle Assembly (2006)
Nolwenn Jouvenet, Cameron Bess, Marc C. Johnson, Cesar A. Virgen, Sanford M. Simon, ...
Recently proposed models that have gained wide acceptance posit that HIV-1 virion morphogenesis is initiated by targeting the major structural protein (Gag) to late endosomal membranes. Thereafter,...
Scott W. Eastman, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Paul D. Bieniasz
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 viral protein U (Vpu) protein enhances the release of diverse retroviruses from human, but not monkey, cells and is thought to do so by ablating a...
Effect of DNA Repair Protein Rad18 on Viral Infection (2006)
Aliza G. Lloyd, Satoshi Tateishi, Paul D. Bieniasz, Mark A. Muesing, Masaru Yamaizumi
Host factors belonging to the DNA repair machineries are assumed to aid retroviruses in the obligatory step of integration. Here we describe the effect of DNA repair molecule Rad18, a component of...
Viviana Simon, Veronique Zennou, Deya Murray, Yaoxing Huang, David D. Ho, Paul D. Bieniasz
The HIV-1 Vif protein counteracts the antiviral activity exhibited by the host cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F. Here, we show that defective vif alleles can readily be found in HIV-1...
Bieniasz, Paul D., Grdina, Therese A., Bogerd, Hal P., Cullen, Bryan R.
Transcriptional activation of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element by the viral Tat protein is an essential step in the HIV-1 life cycle. Tat function is mediated by the...
Highly Divergent Lentiviral Tat Proteins Activate Viral Gene Expression by a Common Mechanism
Bieniasz, Paul D., Grdina, Therese A., Bogerd, Hal P., Cullen, Bryan R.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein (hTat) activates transcription initiated at the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter by a unique mechanism requiring recruitment of...
Multiple Blocks to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Rodent Cells
Bieniasz, Paul D., Cullen, Bryan R.
The recent identification of human gene products that are required for early steps in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) life cycle has raised the possibility that rodents might be...
Ross, Ted M., Bieniasz, Paul D., Cullen, Bryan R.
Infection of CD4-positive cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires functional interaction of the viral envelope protein with a coreceptor belonging to the chemokine receptor...
Sequences in pol Are Required for Transfer of Human Foamy Virus-Based Vectors
Erlwein, Otto, Bieniasz, Paul D., McClure, Myra O.
A series of vectors with heterologous genes was constructed from HSRV1, an infectious clone of human foamy virus (HFV), and transfected into baby hamster kidney cells to generate stably transfected...
Functional Differences between Human and Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Transcription Factors
Bogerd, Hal P., Wiegand, Heather L., Bieniasz, Paul D., Cullen, Bryan R.
Transcriptional transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element by the essential viral Tat protein requires recruitment of positive...
Bieniasz, Paul D., Grdina, Therese A., Bogerd, Hal P., Cullen, Bryan R.
The biological activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat (Tat1) transcriptional activator requires the recruitment of a Tat1-CyclinT1 (CycT1) complex to the TAR RNA target...
Cellular inhibitors with Fv1-like activity restrict human and simian immunodeficiency virus tropism
Cowan, Simone, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Cunningham, Tshaka, Muesing, Mark A., Gottlinger, Heinrich G., Bieniasz, Paul D.
Many nonhuman primate cells are unable to support the replication of HIV-1, whereas others are nonpermissive for infection by simian immunodeficiency virus from macaques (SIVmac). Here, we show that...
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Li, Kelvin, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Cyclin T1 (CycT1), a component of positive-transcription-elongation factor-b (P-TEFb), is an essential cofactor for transcriptional activation by lentivirus Tat proteins. It is thought that low CycT1...
Zhang, Yi-jun, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Zang, Trinity, Braaten, Douglas, Luban, Jeremy, Goff, Stephen P., ...
Cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), in particular heparan sulfate (HS), have been proposed to mediate the attachment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to target cells prior to virus...
Restriction of multiple divergent retroviruses by Lv1 and Ref1
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Cowan, Simone, Goff, Stephen P., Bieniasz, Paul D., Towers, Greg J.
The mouse gene Fv1 encodes a saturable restriction factor that selectively blocks infection by N-tropic or B-tropic murine leukemia virus (MLV) strains. Despite the absence of an Fv1 gene, a similar...
Role of ESCRT-I in Retroviral Budding
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Zang, Trinity, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Retroviral late-budding (L) domains are required for the efficient release of nascent virions. The three known types of L domain, designated according to essential tetrapeptide motifs (PTAP, PPXY, or...
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Yaravoy, Anton, Perez-Caballero, David, Bieniasz, Paul D.
The release of enveloped viruses from infected cells often requires a virally encoded activity, termed a late-budding domain (L domain), encoded by essential PTAP, PPXY, or YPDL sequence motifs....
A Bipartite Late-Budding Domain in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a PTAP motif within the p6 domain of Gag that recruits Tsg101 and associated factors to facilitate virion budding. In this study, we use...
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Retrovirus tropism can be restricted by cellular factors such as Fv1, Ref1, and Lv1 that inhibit infection by targeting the incoming viral capsid. Here, we show that rodent cells exhibit differential...
Species-Specific Tropism Determinants in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Cowan, Simone, Von Schwedler, Uta K., Sundquist, Wesley I., Bieniasz, Paul D.
Retroviral tropism is determined in part by cellular restriction factors that block infection by targeting the incoming viral capsid. Indeed, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of...
Context-Dependent Effects of L Domains and Ubiquitination on Viral Budding
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Perez-Caballero, David, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Many enveloped viruses encode late assembly domains, or L domains, that facilitate virion egress. PTAP-type L domains act by recruiting the ESCRT-I (endosomal sorting complex required for transport...
Retrovirus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5α
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Perez-Caballero, David, Yang, Annie, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Mammalian cells express several factors that act in a cell-autonomous manner to inhibit retrovirus replication. Among these are the Friend virus susceptibility factor 1/lentivirus susceptibility...
Perez-Caballero, David, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Martin-Serrano, Juan, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag multimerization and membrane binding are required for particle formation. However, it is unclear what constitutes a minimal plasma membrane-specific...
APOBEC3G Incorporation into Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Particles
Zennou, Véronique, Perez-Caballero, David, Göttlinger, Heinrich, Bieniasz, Paul D.
APOBEC3G is promiscuous with respect to its antiretroviral effect, requiring that it be packaged into diverse retrovirus particles. Here, we show that most virally encoded human immunodeficiency...
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Perez-Caballero, David, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that binds to the capsid protein (CA) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and by doing so facilitates HIV-1 replication. Although CypA...
Identification of Domains in Gag Important for Prototypic Foamy Virus Egress
Patton, Gillian S., Morris, Stephen A., Chung, Wayne, Bieniasz, Paul D., McClure, Myra O.
Sequence motifs (L domains) have been described in viral structural proteins. Mutations in these lead to a defect at a late stage in virus assembly and budding. For several viruses, recruitment of an...
Simon, Viviana, Zennou, Veronique, Murray, Deya, Huang, Yaoxing, Ho, David D, Bieniasz, Paul D
The HIV-1 Vif protein counteracts the antiviral activity exhibited by the host cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F. Here, we show that defective vif alleles can readily be found in HIV-1...
Perez-Caballero, David, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Zhang, Fengwen, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
TRIM-CypA is an owl monkey-specific variant of the retrovirus restriction factor TRIM5α. Here, we exploit its modular domain organization and cyclosporine sensitivity to probe the kinetics and...
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Martin-Serrano, Juan, Zang, Trinity, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assembly in murine cells is accompanied by poor plasma membrane binding and proteolytic processing of the HIV-1 Gag precursor. Here, we show that...
Human Tripartite Motif 5α Domains Responsible for Retrovirus Restriction Activity and Specificity
Perez-Caballero, David, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Yang, Annie, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
The tripartite motif 5α protein (TRIM5α) is one of several factors expressed by mammalian cells that inhibit retrovirus replication. Human TRIM5α (huTRIM5α) inhibits infection by N-tropic murine...
Neil, Stuart J. D, Eastman, Scott W, Jouvenet, Nolwenn, Bieniasz, Paul D
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 viral protein U (Vpu) protein enhances the release of diverse retroviruses from human, but not monkey, cells and is thought to do so by ablating a...
Effect of DNA Repair Protein Rad18 on Viral Infection
Lloyd, Aliza G, Tateishi, Satoshi, Bieniasz, Paul D, Muesing, Mark A, Yamaizumi, Masaru, Mulder, Lubbertus C. F
Host factors belonging to the DNA repair machineries are assumed to aid retroviruses in the obligatory step of integration. Here we describe the effect of DNA repair molecule Rad18, a component of...
Bieniasz, Paul D., Grdina, Therese A., Bogerd, Hal P., Cullen, Bryan R.
Transcriptional activation of the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element by the viral Tat protein is an essential step in the HIV-1 life cycle. Tat function is mediated by the...
Highly Divergent Lentiviral Tat Proteins Activate Viral Gene Expression by a Common Mechanism
Bieniasz, Paul D., Grdina, Therese A., Bogerd, Hal P., Cullen, Bryan R.
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein (hTat) activates transcription initiated at the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter by a unique mechanism requiring recruitment of...
Multiple Blocks to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Rodent Cells
Bieniasz, Paul D., Cullen, Bryan R.
The recent identification of human gene products that are required for early steps in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) life cycle has raised the possibility that rodents might be...
Ross, Ted M., Bieniasz, Paul D., Cullen, Bryan R.
Infection of CD4-positive cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires functional interaction of the viral envelope protein with a coreceptor belonging to the chemokine receptor...
Sequences in pol Are Required for Transfer of Human Foamy Virus-Based Vectors
Erlwein, Otto, Bieniasz, Paul D., McClure, Myra O.
A series of vectors with heterologous genes was constructed from HSRV1, an infectious clone of human foamy virus (HFV), and transfected into baby hamster kidney cells to generate stably transfected...
Functional Differences between Human and Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Tat Transcription Factors
Bogerd, Hal P., Wiegand, Heather L., Bieniasz, Paul D., Cullen, Bryan R.
Transcriptional transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter element by the essential viral Tat protein requires recruitment of positive...
Bieniasz, Paul D., Grdina, Therese A., Bogerd, Hal P., Cullen, Bryan R.
The biological activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat (Tat1) transcriptional activator requires the recruitment of a Tat1-CyclinT1 (CycT1) complex to the TAR RNA target...
Cellular inhibitors with Fv1-like activity restrict human and simian immunodeficiency virus tropism
Cowan, Simone, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Cunningham, Tshaka, Muesing, Mark A., Gottlinger, Heinrich G., Bieniasz, Paul D.
Many nonhuman primate cells are unable to support the replication of HIV-1, whereas others are nonpermissive for infection by simian immunodeficiency virus from macaques (SIVmac). Here, we show that...
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Li, Kelvin, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Cyclin T1 (CycT1), a component of positive-transcription-elongation factor-b (P-TEFb), is an essential cofactor for transcriptional activation by lentivirus Tat proteins. It is thought that low CycT1...
Zhang, Yi-jun, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Zang, Trinity, Braaten, Douglas, Luban, Jeremy, Goff, Stephen P., ...
Cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), in particular heparan sulfate (HS), have been proposed to mediate the attachment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to target cells prior to virus...
Restriction of multiple divergent retroviruses by Lv1 and Ref1
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Cowan, Simone, Goff, Stephen P., Bieniasz, Paul D., Towers, Greg J.
The mouse gene Fv1 encodes a saturable restriction factor that selectively blocks infection by N-tropic or B-tropic murine leukemia virus (MLV) strains. Despite the absence of an Fv1 gene, a similar...
Role of ESCRT-I in Retroviral Budding
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Zang, Trinity, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Retroviral late-budding (L) domains are required for the efficient release of nascent virions. The three known types of L domain, designated according to essential tetrapeptide motifs (PTAP, PPXY, or...
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Yaravoy, Anton, Perez-Caballero, David, Bieniasz, Paul D.
The release of enveloped viruses from infected cells often requires a virally encoded activity, termed a late-budding domain (L domain), encoded by essential PTAP, PPXY, or YPDL sequence motifs....
A Bipartite Late-Budding Domain in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a PTAP motif within the p6 domain of Gag that recruits Tsg101 and associated factors to facilitate virion budding. In this study, we use...
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Retrovirus tropism can be restricted by cellular factors such as Fv1, Ref1, and Lv1 that inhibit infection by targeting the incoming viral capsid. Here, we show that rodent cells exhibit differential...
Species-Specific Tropism Determinants in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Cowan, Simone, Von Schwedler, Uta K., Sundquist, Wesley I., Bieniasz, Paul D.
Retroviral tropism is determined in part by cellular restriction factors that block infection by targeting the incoming viral capsid. Indeed, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of...
Context-Dependent Effects of L Domains and Ubiquitination on Viral Budding
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Perez-Caballero, David, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Many enveloped viruses encode late assembly domains, or L domains, that facilitate virion egress. PTAP-type L domains act by recruiting the ESCRT-I (endosomal sorting complex required for transport...
Retrovirus resistance factors Ref1 and Lv1 are species-specific variants of TRIM5α
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Perez-Caballero, David, Yang, Annie, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Mammalian cells express several factors that act in a cell-autonomous manner to inhibit retrovirus replication. Among these are the Friend virus susceptibility factor 1/lentivirus susceptibility...
Perez-Caballero, David, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Martin-Serrano, Juan, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag multimerization and membrane binding are required for particle formation. However, it is unclear what constitutes a minimal plasma membrane-specific...
APOBEC3G Incorporation into Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Particles
Zennou, Véronique, Perez-Caballero, David, Göttlinger, Heinrich, Bieniasz, Paul D.
APOBEC3G is promiscuous with respect to its antiretroviral effect, requiring that it be packaged into diverse retrovirus particles. Here, we show that most virally encoded human immunodeficiency...
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Perez-Caballero, David, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that binds to the capsid protein (CA) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and by doing so facilitates HIV-1 replication. Although CypA...
Identification of Domains in Gag Important for Prototypic Foamy Virus Egress
Patton, Gillian S., Morris, Stephen A., Chung, Wayne, Bieniasz, Paul D., McClure, Myra O.
Sequence motifs (L domains) have been described in viral structural proteins. Mutations in these lead to a defect at a late stage in virus assembly and budding. For several viruses, recruitment of an...
Human Tripartite Motif 5α Domains Responsible for Retrovirus Restriction Activity and Specificity
Perez-Caballero, David, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Yang, Annie, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
The tripartite motif 5α protein (TRIM5α) is one of several factors expressed by mammalian cells that inhibit retrovirus replication. Human TRIM5α (huTRIM5α) inhibits infection by N-tropic murine...
Simon, Viviana, Zennou, Veronique, Murray, Deya, Huang, Yaoxing, Ho, David D, Bieniasz, Paul D
The HIV-1 Vif protein counteracts the antiviral activity exhibited by the host cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F. Here, we show that defective vif alleles can readily be found in HIV-1...
Perez-Caballero, David, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Zhang, Fengwen, Cowan, Simone, Bieniasz, Paul D.
TRIM-CypA is an owl monkey-specific variant of the retrovirus restriction factor TRIM5α. Here, we exploit its modular domain organization and cyclosporine sensitivity to probe the kinetics and...
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Martin-Serrano, Juan, Zang, Trinity, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) assembly in murine cells is accompanied by poor plasma membrane binding and proteolytic processing of the HIV-1 Gag precursor. Here, we show that...
Neil, Stuart J. D, Eastman, Scott W, Jouvenet, Nolwenn, Bieniasz, Paul D
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 viral protein U (Vpu) protein enhances the release of diverse retroviruses from human, but not monkey, cells and is thought to do so by ablating a...
Effect of DNA Repair Protein Rad18 on Viral Infection
Lloyd, Aliza G, Tateishi, Satoshi, Bieniasz, Paul D, Muesing, Mark A, Yamaizumi, Masaru, Mulder, Lubbertus C. F
Host factors belonging to the DNA repair machineries are assumed to aid retroviruses in the obligatory step of integration. Here we describe the effect of DNA repair molecule Rad18, a component of...
Plasma Membrane Is the Site of Productive HIV-1 Particle Assembly
Jouvenet, Nolwenn, Neil, Stuart J. D, Bess, Cameron, Johnson, Marc C, Virgen, Cesar A, Simon, Sanford M, ...
Recently proposed models that have gained wide acceptance posit that HIV-1 virion morphogenesis is initiated by targeting the major structural protein (Gag) to late endosomal membranes. Thereafter,...
Reconstitution of an Infectious Human Endogenous Retrovirus
Lee, Young Nam, Bieniasz, Paul D
The human genome represents a fossil record of ancient retroviruses that once replicated in the ancestors of contemporary humans. Indeed, approximately 8% of human DNA is composed of sequences that...
An intrinsic host defense against HIV-1 integration?
HSCs are one of only a few cell types that resist HIV-1 infection despite the presence of HIV-1 receptors. An increasing number of genes have been identified that can reduce the sensitivity of...
Doehle, Brian P., Bogerd, Hal P., Wiegand, Heather L., Jouvenet, Nolwenn, Bieniasz, Paul D., Hunter, Eric, ...
The APOBEC3 protein family can constitute a potent barrier to the successful infection of mammalian species by retroviruses. Therefore, any retrovirus that has evolved the ability to replicate in a...
HECT ubiquitin ligases link viral and cellular PPXY motifs to the vacuolar protein-sorting pathway
Martin-Serrano, Juan, Eastman, Scott W., Chung, Wayne, Bieniasz, Paul D.
Many enveloped viruses exploit the class E vacuolar protein-sorting (VPS) pathway to bud from cells, and use peptide motifs to recruit specific class E VPS factors. Homologous to E6AP COOH terminus...
Ubiquitin-dependent virus particle budding without viral protein ubiquitination
Zhadina, Maria, McClure, Myra O., Johnson, Marc C., Bieniasz, Paul D.
An essential step in the release of an extracellular enveloped virus particle is a budding event that ultimately separates virion and host cell membranes. For many enveloped viruses, membrane fission...
Independent genesis of chimeric TRIM5-cyclophilin proteins in two primate species
Virgen, Cesar A., Kratovac, Zerina, Bieniasz, Paul D., Hatziioannou, Theodora
The host range of retroviruses is influenced by antiviral proteins such as TRIM5, a restriction factor that recognizes and inactivates incoming retroviral capsids. Remarkably, in Owl monkeys (omk), a...
Evidence for Restriction of Ancient Primate Gammaretroviruses by APOBEC3 but Not TRIM5α Proteins
Perez-Caballero, David, Soll, Steven J., Bieniasz, Paul D.
Because of evolutionary pressures imposed through episodic colonization by retroviruses, many mammals express factors, such as TRIM5α and APOBEC3 proteins, that directly restrict retroviral...
Primate Lentivirus Capsid Sensitivity to TRIM5 Proteins▿
Kratovac, Zerina, Virgen, Cesar A., Bibollet-Ruche, Frederick, Hahn, Beatrice H., Bieniasz, Paul D., Hatziioannou, Theodora
Mammalian cells express several factors that inhibit lentiviral infection and that have been under strong selective pressure. One of these factors, TRIM5, targets the capsid protein of incoming...
McNatt, Matthew W., Zang, Trinity, Hatziioannou, Theodora, Bartlett, Mackenzie, Fofana, Ismael Ben, Johnson, Welkin E., ...
Tetherin/BST-2/CD317 is a recently identified antiviral protein that blocks the release of nascent retrovirus, and other virus, particles from infected cells. An HIV-1 accessory protein, Vpu, acts as...
Hypermutation of an Ancient Human Retrovirus by APOBEC3G▿
Lee, Young Nam, Malim, Michael H., Bieniasz, Paul D.
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) comprise approximately 8% of the human genome, but all are remnants of ancient retroviral infections and harbor inactivating mutations that render them...
Broad-Spectrum Inhibition of Retroviral and Filoviral Particle Release by Tetherin▿
Jouvenet, Nolwenn, Neil, Stuart J. D., Zhadina, Maria, Zang, Trinity, Kratovac, Zerina, Lee, Youngnam, ...
The expression of many putative antiviral genes is upregulated when cells encounter type I interferon (IFN), but the actual mechanisms by which many IFN-induced gene products inhibit virus...
Integration target site selection by a resurrected human endogenous retrovirus
Brady, Troy, Lee, Young Nam, Ronen, Keshet, Malani, Nirav, Berry, Charles C., Bieniasz, Paul D., ...
At least 8% of the human genome was formed by integration of retroviral DNA sequences. Here we analyze the forces directing the accumulation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) by comparing de...
A macaque model of HIV-1 infection
Hatziioannou, Theodora, Ambrose, Zandrea, Chung, Nancy P. Y., Piatak, Michael, Yuan, Fang, Trubey, Charles M., ...
The lack of a primate model that utilizes HIV-1 as the challenge virus is an impediment to AIDS research; existing models generally employ simian viruses that are divergent from HIV-1, reducing their...
A role for ubiquitin ligases and Spartin/SPG20 in lipid droplet turnover
Eastman, Scott W., Yassaee, Mina, Bieniasz, Paul D.
HECT (homologous to the E6AP C terminus) ubiquitin ligases have diverse functions in eukaryotic cells. In screens for proteins that bind to the HECT ubiquitin ligase WWP1, we identified Spartin,...