La coscienza di un liberal (2009)
La coscienza di un liberal, Paul Krugman, traduzione di Fabio Galimberti e Paola Marangon. . - Bari. NALUAF00001001, Laterza. NAEDAF003231. 2009.
Thomas Schuster, Christopher Gadarowski, Walter Krämer, Victor Niederhoffer, Paul Krugman
A widely held belief in financial economics suggests that stock prices always adequately reflect all available information. Price movements away from fundamentals are assumed to occur only...
Is Fiscal Policy Poised for a Comeback? (2005)
For several decades, discretionary fiscal policy has been in disrepute. Most economists viewed it as unnecessary, because monetary policy was up to the job of stabilizing the economy. Economists also...
Confusions about Social Security (2004)
There is a lot of confusion in the debate over Social Security privatization, much of it deliberate. This essay discusses the meaning of the trust fund, which privatizers declare either real or...
Confusions about Social Security (2004)
There is a lot of confusion in the debate over Social Security privatization, much of it deliberate. This essay discusses the meaning of the trust fund, which privatizers declare either real or...
Confusions about Social Security (2004)
There is a lot of confusion in the debate over Social Security privatization, much of it deliberate. This essay discusses the meaning of the trust fund, which privatizers declare either real or...
Confusions about Social Security (2004)
There is a lot of confusion in the debate over Social Security privatization, much of it deliberate. This essay discusses the meaning of the trust fund, which privatizers declare either real or...
The Role of Geography in Development (1999)
This article assesses how the tension between centripetal forces (such as forward and backward linkages in production and increasing returns in transportation) and centrifugal forces (such as factor...
(This is a preliminary draft, prepared for the festschrift volume in honor of Robert Flood) For the founding fathers of currency-crisis theory- a fraternity among whom Bob Flood holds a place of high...
The recent surge of interest in the role of economic geography in economic development has divided into two seemingly contradictory approaches. One approach emphasizes the role of inherent features...
It's Baaack! Japan's Slump and the Return of the Liquidity Trap (1998)
This paper is in two major parts. The first, longer part is an extended generic discussion of the causes and consequences of liquidity traps; it uses a succession of small, highly stylized models to...
On the Emergence of Cities (1998)
This paper contains a description of a general class of city formation models. Individual economic agents have preferences for locations that depend upon the population distribution. A...
Increasing returns and all that: a view from trade (1997)
Werner Antweiler, Daniel Trefler, Dale Jorgenson, Paul Krugman, Richard Lipsey, Angelo Melino, ...
path of data collection we have chalked up debts to Chris Thornberg for older CPS data, to Robert Barro and Jong-Wha Lee for education data, to Roger Theirrien of Statistics Canada for trade data, to...
Traducción de: Strategie trade policy and the new international economics
Globalization and the Inequality of Nations
Krugman, Paul, Venables, Anthony J.
The paper considers a model in which an imperfectly competitive manufacturing sector produces goods which are used both for final consumption and as intermediates. Intermediate usage creates cost and...
A 'Reciprocal Dumping' Model of International Trade
This paper develops a model where rivalry of oligopolistic firms serves as an independent cause of international trade. The model shows how such rivalry naturally gives rise to "dumping" of output in...
Is Fiscal Policy Poised for a Comeback?
For several decades, discretionary fiscal policy has been in disrepute. Most economists viewed it as unnecessary, because monetary policy was up to the job of stabilizing the economy. Economists also...
Adjustment in the World Economy
There is a widespread view that world payments imbalances can be remedied through increased demand in surplus countries and reduced demand in deficit countries, without any need for real exchange...
Pricing to Market when the Exchange Rate Changes
It has been widely remarked that US import prices have not fully reflected movements in the exchange rate. This paper begins with an investigation of the actual extent of "pricing to market" by...
Increasing Returns and Economic Geography
This paper develops a two-region, two-sector general equilibriun model of location. The location of agricultural production is fixed, but ionopolistcally competitive manufacturing finns choose their...
In models with external economies, there are often two or more long run equilibria. Which equilibrium is chosen? Much of the literature presumes that "history" sets initial conditions which determine...
In the 1980s the process of trade liberalization through multilateral negotiation seems to have run aground. In its place there have been a number of bilateral and regional moves toward...
International Trade Effects of Value Added Taxation
Paul Krugman, Martin Feldstein
The actual value added tax systems used in many countries differ significantly from the completely general VAT that has been the focus of most economic analyses. In practice, VAT systems exempt broad...
Any interesting model of economic geography must involve a tension between "centripetal" forces that tend to produce agglomerations and "centrifugal" forces that tend to pull them apart. This paper...
Differences In Income Elasticities and Trends in Real Exchange Rates
One might expect that differences in income elasticities in trade and/or differences in growth rates among countries would give rise to strong secular trends in real exchange rates; for example,...
The new economic geography: Past, present and the future
This article presents a summary of our conversation on the past, present and future of the new economic geography, which took place with the help of an interlocutor in San Juan, Puerto Rico in...
Will there be a dollar crisis?
"Almost everyone believes that the US current account deficit must eventually end, and that this end will involve dollar depreciation. However, many believe that this depreciation will take place...
This paper argues that Japan's export growth is likely to slow sharply over the next few years, perhaps to zero. For the past dozen years Japan's export volume has gown much more rapidly than her...
Felxible Exchange Rates in the Short Run
Rudiger Dornbusch, Paul Krugman
macroeconomics, exchange rates
Felxible Exchange Rates in the Short Run
Rudiger Dornbusch, Paul Krugman
macroeconomics, exchange rates
Past and prospective causes of high unemployment
Twenty years ago, on the eve of the first of the great post-Bretton Woods recessions, unemployment did not appear to be a major problem for advanced economies. Today, of course, unemployment is back...
Why Should Trade Negotiators Negotiate About?
In recent years there have been growing demands to make trade liberalization contingent on adoption of common labor and environmental standards. The straightforward economic answer is that this makes...
Recent Thinking About Exchange Rate Determination and Policy
Paul Krugman, Adrian Blundell-Wignall
exchange rate regime; foreign exchange market efficiency; exchange rate models
Balance Sheets, the Transfer Problem, and Financial Crises
In a world of high capital mobility, the threat of speculative attack becomes a central issue of macroeconomicpolicy. While “first-generation” and “second-generation” models of speculative...
Past and prospective causes of high unemployment
Twenty years ago, on the eve of the first of the great post-Bretton Woods recessions, unemployment did not appear to be a major problem for advanced economies. Today, of course, unemployment is back...
The move toward free trade zones
Econometric models ; Free trade ; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization)
Integration and the Competitiveness of Peripheral Industry
Krugman, Paul, Venables, Anthony J.
This paper analyses economic integration between two economies; one central, with a large local market, and the other peripheral, with a small local market. Each economy has an imperfectly...
The desire to avoid speculative runs on currencies appears to be one of the main reasons leading policy-makers to impose currency bands, but the standard analysis of target zones rules out any...
Inequality and the Political Economy of Eurosclerosis
Before the early 1970s generous welfare states seemed to be consistent with high employment. Since then, there has been growing concern over disincentive effects of social insurance. This paper...
Integration, Specialization and Adjustment
Krugman, Paul, Venables, Anthony J.
The paper considers the equilibrium location of two industries in two countries. Both industries are imperfectly competitive and produce goods which are used in final consumption and as intermediates...
The Seamless World: A Spatial Model of International Specialization
Krugman, Paul, Venables, Anthony J.
This paper is an effort to do international trade theory without mentioning countries. Nearly all models of the international economy assume that trade takes place between nations or regions which...
Agglomeration, Integration and Tax Harmonization
Baldwin, Richard, Krugman, Paul
This Paper considers tax competition and tax harmonization in the presence of agglomeration forces and falling trade costs. With agglomerative forces operating, industry is not indifferent to...
In models with external economies, there are often two or more long-run equilibria. Which equilibrium is chosen? Much of the literature presumes that "history" sets initial conditions that determine...
Persistent Trade Effects of Large Exchange Rate Shocks.
Baldwin, Richard, Krugman, Paul
This paper presents a theoretical basis for the argument that large exchange rate shocks--such as the 1980s dollar cycle--may have persistent effects on trade flows and the equilibrium exchange rate...
How Complicated Does the Model Have to Be?
Simple macroeconomic models based on IS-LM have become unfashionable because of their lack of micro-foundations, and are in danger of being effectively forgotten by the profession. Yet while thinking...
What's New about the New Economic Geography?
Since 1990 a new genre of research, often described as the 'new economic geography,' has emerged. It differs from traditional work in economic geography mainly in adopting a modelling strategy that...
The new economic geography: Past, present and the future
This article presents a summary of our conversation on the past, present and future of the new economic geography, which took place with the help of an interlocutor in San Juan, Puerto Rico in...
Confusions about Social Security
There is a lot of confusion in the debate over Social Security privatization, much of it deliberate. This essay discusses the meaning of the trust fund, which privatizers declare either real or...
The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade
Masahisa Fujita, Paul Krugman, Anthony J. Venables
Since 1990 there has been a renaissance of theoretical and empirical work on the spatial aspects of the economy--that is, where economic activity occurs and why. Using new tools--in particular,...
The Age of Diminished Expectations, 3rd Edition: U.S. Economic Policy in the 1990s
Paul Krugman's popular guide to the economic landscape of the 1990s has been revised and updated to take into account economic developments of the years from 1994 - 1997. New material in the third...
The new economic geography: Past, present and the future
This article presents a summary of our conversation on the past, present and future of the new economic geography, which took place with the help of an interlocutor in San Juan, Puerto Rico in...
Response to Nelson and Schwartz
In responding to Nelson and Schwartz's [2008. The impact of Milton Friedman on modern monetary economics: setting the record straight on Paul Krugman's "Who was Milton Friedman?". Journal of Monetary...
A 'Reciprocal Dumping' Model of International Trade
James A. Brander, Paul Krugman
This paper develops a model in which the rivalry of oligopolistic firms serves as an independent cause of international trade. The model shows how such rivalry naturally gives rise to "dumping" of...
Market Access and International Competition: A Simulation Study of 16K Random Access Memories
Richard E. Baldwin, Paul Krugman
This paper develops a model of international competition in an oligopoly characterized by strong learning effects. The model is quantified by calibrating its parameters to reproduce the US-Japanese...
Industrial Organization and International Trade
This paper reviews recent work on the relationship between industrial organization and international trade. Five strands in the theoretical literature are discussed. First is the role of economies of...
Target Zones with Limited Reserves
Like a fixed exchange rate, a target zone system may be subject to speculative attacks when the reserves of the central bank are limited. This paper analyzes such speculative attacks and their...
Cities in Space: Three Simple Models
Urban agglomerations arise at least in part out of the interaction between economies of scale in production and market size effects. This paper develops a simple spatial framework to develop...
Leapfrogging: A Theory of Cycles in National Technological Leadership
Elise Brezis, Paul Krugman, Daniel Tsiddon
Much recent work has suggested that endogenous technological change tends to reinforce the position of the leading nations. Yet from time to time this leadership role shifts. We suggest a mechanism...
Trade Policy and the Third World Metropolis
Raul Livas Elizondo, Paul Krugman
Many of the world's largest cities are now in developing countries. We develop a simple theoretical model, inspired by the case of Mexico, that explains the existence of such giant cities as a...
There is a broad consensus among US opinion leaders that our economic problem is largely one of failures of international competition -- that trade deficits have eroded our manufacturing base, that...
Integration, Specialization, and the Adjustment
Paul Krugman, Anthony Venables
In the United States, many industries have a Silicon Valley-type geographic localization. In Europe, these same industries often have four or more major centers of production. This difference is...
Technology and the Life Cycle of Cities
During times of major technological change leading cities are often overtaken by upstart metropolitan areas. Such upheavals may be explained if the advantage of established urban centers rests on...
Immigration, Investment and Real Wages
When a country is the recipient of large-scale, politically motivated immigration -- as has been the case for Israel in recent years -- the initial impact is to reduce real wages. Over the longer...
Fluctuations, Instability, and Agglomeration
Recent models in economic geography suggest that there may be very large numbers of equilibrium spatial structures. Simulations suggest, however, that the structures that emerge are surprisingly...
Globalization and the Inequality of Nations
Paul Krugman, Anthony J. Venables
A monopolistically competitive manufacturing sector produces goods used for final consumption and as intermediates. Intermediate usage creates cost and demand linkages between firms and a tendency...
The Seamless World: A Spatial Model of International Specialization
Paul Krugman, Anthony J. Venables
This paper is an effort to do international trade theory without mentioning countries. Nearly all models of the international economy assume that trade takes place between nations or regions which...
Technology, Trade, and Factor Prices
A number of recent studies appear to show that international trade is a secondary factor in the growing inequality of wages, with technology probably the main culprit. These studies have, however,...
Domestic Distortions and the Deindustrialization Hypothesis
It is widely believed that U.S. trade deficits have displaced workers from highly paid manufacturing jobs into less well-paid service employment, contributing to declining incomes for the nation as a...
Agglomeration, Integration and Tax Harmonization
Richard E. Baldwin, Paul Krugman
We show that agglomeration forces can reverse standard international-tax-competition results. Closer integration may result first in a race to the top' and then a race to the bottom, a result that is...
Increasing Returns and Economic Geography.
This paper develops a simple model that shows how a country can endogenously become differentiated into an industrialized "core" and an agricultural "periphery." In order to realize scale economies...
How the Economy Organizes Itself in Space: A Survey of the New Economic Geography
As the example of Silicon Valley makes clear, the economic analysis of location--the geography of the economy--is the subfield of economics to which the typical buzzwords of complexity apply most...
Gelecek Kusaklara Devir Teslim
Iste George Bush'un Ulusa Seslenisi'nden bir baska dogru olmayan cumle: "Biz ink?r edip gormezden gelerek sorunlarimizi gelecekteki kongrelere, baskanlara ve gelecek nesillere devretmeyecegiz." Bay...
Yale profesoru, John F. Kennedy'nin danismani ve Nobel odulu sahibi James Tobin dun oldu. Buyuk bir ekonomist ve olaganustu iyi bir insandi; vefati benim gozumde ekonomi tartismalarinin hem daha hos,...
Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economics
This volume of original essays brings the practical world of trade policy and of government and business strategy together with the world of academic trade theory. It focuses in particular on the...
"I have spent my whole professional life as an international economist thinking and writing about economic geography, without being aware of it," begins Paul Krugman in the readable and anecdotal...
Currencies and Crises brings together Paul Krugman's work on international monetary economics from the late 1970s to the present, in an effort to make sense of a turbulent period that, in Krugman's...
"Pop internationalists" -- people who speak impressively about international trade while ignoring basic economics and misusing economic figures are the target of this collection of Paul Krugman's...
The new economic geography: Past, present and the future
This article presents a summary of our conversation on the past, present and future of the new economic geography, which took place with the help of an interlocutor in San Juan, Puerto Rico in...
The new economic geography: Past, present and the future
This article presents a summary of our conversation on the past, present and future of the new economic geography, which took place with the help of an interlocutor in San Juan, Puerto Rico in...
Confusions about Social Security
There is a lot of confusion in the debate over Social Security privatization, much of it deliberate. This essay discusses the meaning of the trust fund, which privatizers declare either real or...
Market Structure and Foreign Trade presents a coherent theory of trade in the presence of market structures other than perfect competition. The theory it develops explains trade patterns, especially...
Development, Geography, and Economic Theory
Why do certain ideas gain currency in economics while others fall by the wayside? Paul Krugman argues that the unwillingness of mainstream economists to think about what they could not formalize led...
International Aspects of Financial Crises
Paul Krugman, C. Fred Bergsten, Rudiger Dornbusch, Jacob A. Frenkel, Charles P. Kindleberger
And Now for Something Completely Different: An Alternative Model of Trade, Education, and Inequality
Paul Krugman delivered his Prize Lecture on 8 December 2008 at Aula Magna, Stockholm University. He was introduced by Professor Bertil Holmlund, Chairman of the Economics Prize Committee.
Exchange Rate Targets and Currency Bands
Research programmes in economics usually emerge from the intersection between a new analytical approach and a real economic problem. In the last few years, such a programme has emerged in...
The Increasing Returns Revolution in Trade and Geography
Thirty years have passed since a small group of theorists began applying concepts and tools from industrial organization to the analysis of international trade. The new models of trade that emerged...
Interview of Nobel Prize winner Paul Krugman
Interview with the 2008 Laureate in Economics Paul Krugman, 6 December 2008. The interviewer is Adam Smith, Editor-in-Chief of Nobelprize.org.
Confusions about Social Security
There is a lot of confusion in the debate over Social Security privatization, much of it deliberate. This essay discusses the meaning of the trust fund, which privatizers declare either real or...