The role of pathogen suppression on the growth promotion of wheat by Penicillium radicum (2006)
Wakelin, S. A., Anstis, S. T., Warren, R. A., Ryder, Maarten Harm
The role of pathogen suppression on the growth promotion of wheat by Penicillium radicum (2006)
Wakelin, S. A., Anstis, S. T., Warren, R. A., Ryder, Maarten Harm
The transport sector as a source of air pollution, Atmos (2001)
R N Colvile, E J Hutchinson, J S Mindell, R A Warren
Transport first became a significant source of air pollution after the problems of sooty smog from coal combustion had largely been solved in western European and North American cities. Since then,...
C1-Cx revisited: intramolecular synergism in a cellulase.
Din, N, Damude, H G, Gilkes, N R, Miller, R C, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G
Endoglucanase A (CenA) from the bacterium Cellulomonas fimi is composed of a catalytic domain and a nonhydrolytic cellulose-binding domain that can function independently. The individual domains...
McQuiston, J. R., Vemulapalli, R., Inzana, T. J., Schurig, G. G., Sriranganathan, N., Fritzinger, D., ...
We constructed a rough mutant of Brucella abortus 2308 by transposon (Tn5) mutagenesis. Neither whole cells nor extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from this mutant, designated RA1, reacted with a...
McQuiston, J. R., Vemulapalli, R., Inzana, T. J., Schurig, G. G., Sriranganathan, N., Fritzinger, D., ...
Phi W-14 DNA inhibits transfection of Bacillus subtilis by SPP1 DNA.
Lopez, P, Espinosa, M, Piechowska, M, Shugar, D, Warren, R A
The DNA of bacteriophage phi W-14 is unusual in that half of the thymine residues are replaced with the hypermodified pyrimidine alpha-putrescinylthymine (Kropinski et al., Biochemistry 12:151-157,...
Tomme, P, Kwan, E, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Warren, R A
The cenC gene, encoding beta-1,4-glucanase C (CenC) from Cellulomonas fimi, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli with a tac-based expression vector. The resulting polypeptide, with an apparent...
Moser, B, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Warren, R A, Miller, R C
Two nonglycosylated endoglucanases which bind to Sephadex were purified from culture supernatants of Cellulomonas fimi grown on microcrystalline cellulose. Their Mrs were 120,000 and 130,000. The...
Meinke, A, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
Five cellulose-binding polypeptides were detected in Cellulomonas fimi culture supernatants. Two of them are CenA and CenB, endo-beta-1,4-glucanases which have been characterized previously; the...
Streptomyces lividans glycosylates the linker region of a beta-1,4-glycanase from Cellulomonas fimi.
Ong, E, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
The beta-1,4-glycanase Cex of the gram-positive bacterium Cellulomonas fimi is a glycoprotein comprising a C-terminal cellulose-binding domain connected to an N-terminal catalytic domain by a linker...
Unusual sequence organization in CenB, an inverting endoglucanase from Cellulomonas fimi.
Meinke, A, Braun, C, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
The nucleotide sequence of the cenB gene was determined and used to deduce the amino acid sequence of endoglucanase B (CenB) of Cellulomonas fimi. CenB comprises 1,012 amino acids and has a molecular...
Meinke, A, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
Endoglucanase B (CenB) from the bacterium Cellulomonas fimi is divided into five discrete domains by linker sequences rich in proline and hydroxyamino acids (A. Meinke, C. Braun, N. R. Gilkes, D. G....
Wakarchuk, W W, Greenberg, N M, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
The DNA sequence was determined for the cloned Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 21400 beta-glucosidase gene, abg. High-resolution nuclease S1 protection studies were used to map the abg mRNA 5' and 3'...
Regulation, initiation, and termination of the cenA and cex transcripts of Cellulomonas fimi.
Greenberg, N M, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C
We characterized the in vivo transcripts of two Cellulomonas fimi genes, the cenA gene, which encodes an extracellular endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and the cex gene, which encodes an...
Regulation and initiation of cenB transcripts of Cellulomonas fimi.
Greenberg, N M, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C
We characterized the in vivo transcription of the Cellulomonas fimi cenB gene, which encodes an extracellular endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). By Northern blot (RNA blot) analysis, cenB mRNA was...
Uptake and fate of bacteriophage phi W-14 DNA in competent Bacillus subtilis.
Lopez, P, Espinosa, M, Piechowska, M, Shugar, D, Warren, R A
Phage phi W-14 DNA (in which one-half of the thymine residues are replaced by alpha-putrescinyl thymine) was taken up by competent Bacillus subtilis cells at a rate threefold higher than the rate of...
Amber suppressor mutations in Pseudomonas acidovorans.
Almost 50% of the clones of Pseudomonas acidovorans(pLM2) selected for resistance to tetracycline supported the growth of an amber mutant of bacteriophage PRD1.
O'Neill, G P, Kilburn, D G, Warren, R A, Miller, R C
A recombinant exoglucanase was expressed in Escherichia coli to a level that exceeded 20% of total cellular protein. To obtain this level of overproduction, the exoglucanase gene coding sequence was...
Normal levels of the hypermodified pyrimidine, alpha-putrescinylthymine, which is formed from hydhydroxymethyluracil at the polynucleotide level (Maltman et al., J. Virol. 34:354-359, 1984), are not...
Miller, P B, Scraba, D G, Leyritz-Wills, M, Maltman, K L, Warren, R A
The DNA synthesized in the nonpermissive host by the noncomplementing mutants am36 and am42 of bacteriophage phi W-14 contains about half the wild-type level of alpha-putrescinylthymine (putThy) and...
Polypeptide synthesis directed by bacteriophage phi W-14 and by mutants defective in DNA synthesis.
Miller, P B, Gerhard, B, Warren, R A
The latent period of bacteriophage phi W-14 is approximately 65 min when the doubling time of its host, Pseudomonas acidovorans, is 85 min. Host protein synthesis is shut off relatively slowly,...
Miller, P B, Maltman, K L, Warren, R A
Of 42 amber mutants of bacteriophage phi W-14, 6 were defective in DNA synthesis. Three of the mutants synthesized DNA in the nonpermissive host, but were defective in post-replicational modification...
Neuhard, J, Maltman, K L, Warren, R A
The infection of Pseudomonas acidovorans with bacteriophage phi W-14 leads to the gradual disappearance of dTTP from the cells and to the appearance of hydroxymethy dUTP (hmdUTP). Infected-cell...
Maltman, K L, Neuhard, J, Lewis, H A, Warren, R A
Host DNA synthesis stopped about 10 min after the infection of Pseudomonas acidovorans with bacteriophage phi W-14, but host DNA was not degraded to acid-soluble fragments. The synthesis of host but...
Lutwyche, P, Rupps, R, Cavanagh, J, Warren, R A, Brooks, D E
The gene encoding a mannose-resistant hemagglutinating protein was cloned from Escherichia coli O9:H10:K99. The hemagglutinin is different from two other mannose-resistant hemagglutinins in this...
Rational design and PCR-based synthesis of an artificial Schizophyllum commune xylanase gene.
Graham, R W, Atkinson, T, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
A synthetic gene encoding the Schizophyllum commune xylanase XynA was constructed by a novel PCR-based procedure. Three long oligonucleotides were synthesized and used in combination with flanking...
Miller, P B, Wakarchuk, W W, Warren, R A
The modified base alpha-putrescinylthymine (putT) in phi W-14 DNA blocks cleavage of the DNA by 17 of 32 Type II restriction endonucleases. The enzymes cleaving the DNA do so to widely varying...
Alkali lability of bacteriophage phi W-14 DNA.
Lewis, H A, Miller, R C, Stone, J C, Warren, R A
The molecular weight of bacteriophage phi W-14 DNA, determined by velocity sedimentation in neutral sucrose gradients, was 92 +/- 6 X 10(6). The DNA showed marked fragmentation in alkaline sucrose...
Domains in microbial beta-1, 4-glycanases: sequence conservation, function, and enzyme families.
Gilkes, N R, Henrissat, B, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
Several types of domain occur in beta-1, 4-glycanases. The best characterized of these are the catalytic domains and the cellulose-binding domains. The domains may be joined by linker sequences rich...
Shen, H, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
The gene cbhB from the cellulolytic bacterium Cellulomonas fimi encodes a polypeptide of 1090 amino acids. Cellobiohydrolase B (CbhB) is 1037 amino acids long, with a calculated molecular mass of...
The tertiary structure of a bacterial cellulase determined by small-angle X-ray-scattering analysis.
Pilz, I, Schwarz, E, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A, Gilkes, N R
CenA from Cellulomonas fimi is a beta-1,4-endoglucanase that binds tightly to cellulose. X-ray-scattering analyses show that the enzyme is tadpole-shaped: the previously identified catalytic and...
Damude, H G, Ferro, V, Withers, S G, Warren, R A
Values of kcat. and Km for the hydrolysis of cellotetraose, cellotriose, beta-cellobiosyl fluoride and various beta-aryl cellobiosides by endoglucanase A (CenA) from Cellulomonas fimi indicate that...
Lawson, S L, Warren, R A, Withers, S G
Retaining glycosidases achieve the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds through the assistance of two key active-site carboxyls. One carboxyl functions as a nucleophile/leaving group, and the other acts as...
Doheny, J G, Jervis, E J, Guarna, M M, Humphries, R K, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G
A chimaera of stem cell factor (SCF) and a cellulose-binding domain from the xylanase Cex (CBDCex) effectively immobilizes SCF on a cellulose surface. The fusion protein retains both the cytokine...
Stoll, D, He, S, Withers, S G, Warren, R A
Incubation of the beta-mannosidase Man2A from Cellulomonas fimi with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-mannosyl fluoride (2FMan beta F) resulted in time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme (inactivation rate...
Boraston, A B, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G
When produced by Pichia pastoris, three of the five Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr sequences (corresponding to Asn-24, Asn-73 and Asn-87) in the carbohydrate-binding module CBM2a of xylanase 10A from Cellulomonas...
Incompatibility group P-1 plasmids with the bla+ genotype were transferred from various Escherichia coli strains to Pseudomonas acidovorans strain 29. When resistance to ampicillin was used as the...
C1-Cx revisited: intramolecular synergism in a cellulase.
Din, N, Damude, H G, Gilkes, N R, Miller, R C, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G
Endoglucanase A (CenA) from the bacterium Cellulomonas fimi is composed of a catalytic domain and a nonhydrolytic cellulose-binding domain that can function independently. The individual domains...
McQuiston, J. R., Vemulapalli, R., Inzana, T. J., Schurig, G. G., Sriranganathan, N., Fritzinger, D., ...
We constructed a rough mutant of Brucella abortus 2308 by transposon (Tn5) mutagenesis. Neither whole cells nor extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from this mutant, designated RA1, reacted with a...
McQuiston, J. R., Vemulapalli, R., Inzana, T. J., Schurig, G. G., Sriranganathan, N., Fritzinger, D., ...
Phi W-14 DNA inhibits transfection of Bacillus subtilis by SPP1 DNA.
Lopez, P, Espinosa, M, Piechowska, M, Shugar, D, Warren, R A
The DNA of bacteriophage phi W-14 is unusual in that half of the thymine residues are replaced with the hypermodified pyrimidine alpha-putrescinylthymine (Kropinski et al., Biochemistry 12:151-157,...
Tomme, P, Kwan, E, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Warren, R A
The cenC gene, encoding beta-1,4-glucanase C (CenC) from Cellulomonas fimi, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli with a tac-based expression vector. The resulting polypeptide, with an apparent...
Moser, B, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Warren, R A, Miller, R C
Two nonglycosylated endoglucanases which bind to Sephadex were purified from culture supernatants of Cellulomonas fimi grown on microcrystalline cellulose. Their Mrs were 120,000 and 130,000. The...
Meinke, A, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
Five cellulose-binding polypeptides were detected in Cellulomonas fimi culture supernatants. Two of them are CenA and CenB, endo-beta-1,4-glucanases which have been characterized previously; the...
Streptomyces lividans glycosylates the linker region of a beta-1,4-glycanase from Cellulomonas fimi.
Ong, E, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
The beta-1,4-glycanase Cex of the gram-positive bacterium Cellulomonas fimi is a glycoprotein comprising a C-terminal cellulose-binding domain connected to an N-terminal catalytic domain by a linker...
Unusual sequence organization in CenB, an inverting endoglucanase from Cellulomonas fimi.
Meinke, A, Braun, C, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
The nucleotide sequence of the cenB gene was determined and used to deduce the amino acid sequence of endoglucanase B (CenB) of Cellulomonas fimi. CenB comprises 1,012 amino acids and has a molecular...
Meinke, A, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
Endoglucanase B (CenB) from the bacterium Cellulomonas fimi is divided into five discrete domains by linker sequences rich in proline and hydroxyamino acids (A. Meinke, C. Braun, N. R. Gilkes, D. G....
Wakarchuk, W W, Greenberg, N M, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
The DNA sequence was determined for the cloned Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 21400 beta-glucosidase gene, abg. High-resolution nuclease S1 protection studies were used to map the abg mRNA 5' and 3'...
Regulation, initiation, and termination of the cenA and cex transcripts of Cellulomonas fimi.
Greenberg, N M, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C
We characterized the in vivo transcripts of two Cellulomonas fimi genes, the cenA gene, which encodes an extracellular endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and the cex gene, which encodes an...
Regulation and initiation of cenB transcripts of Cellulomonas fimi.
Greenberg, N M, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C
We characterized the in vivo transcription of the Cellulomonas fimi cenB gene, which encodes an extracellular endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). By Northern blot (RNA blot) analysis, cenB mRNA was...
Uptake and fate of bacteriophage phi W-14 DNA in competent Bacillus subtilis.
Lopez, P, Espinosa, M, Piechowska, M, Shugar, D, Warren, R A
Phage phi W-14 DNA (in which one-half of the thymine residues are replaced by alpha-putrescinyl thymine) was taken up by competent Bacillus subtilis cells at a rate threefold higher than the rate of...
Incompatibility group P-1 plasmids with the bla+ genotype were transferred from various Escherichia coli strains to Pseudomonas acidovorans strain 29. When resistance to ampicillin was used as the...
Amber suppressor mutations in Pseudomonas acidovorans.
Almost 50% of the clones of Pseudomonas acidovorans(pLM2) selected for resistance to tetracycline supported the growth of an amber mutant of bacteriophage PRD1.
O'Neill, G P, Kilburn, D G, Warren, R A, Miller, R C
A recombinant exoglucanase was expressed in Escherichia coli to a level that exceeded 20% of total cellular protein. To obtain this level of overproduction, the exoglucanase gene coding sequence was...
Normal levels of the hypermodified pyrimidine, alpha-putrescinylthymine, which is formed from hydhydroxymethyluracil at the polynucleotide level (Maltman et al., J. Virol. 34:354-359, 1984), are not...
Miller, P B, Scraba, D G, Leyritz-Wills, M, Maltman, K L, Warren, R A
The DNA synthesized in the nonpermissive host by the noncomplementing mutants am36 and am42 of bacteriophage phi W-14 contains about half the wild-type level of alpha-putrescinylthymine (putThy) and...
Polypeptide synthesis directed by bacteriophage phi W-14 and by mutants defective in DNA synthesis.
Miller, P B, Gerhard, B, Warren, R A
The latent period of bacteriophage phi W-14 is approximately 65 min when the doubling time of its host, Pseudomonas acidovorans, is 85 min. Host protein synthesis is shut off relatively slowly,...
Miller, P B, Maltman, K L, Warren, R A
Of 42 amber mutants of bacteriophage phi W-14, 6 were defective in DNA synthesis. Three of the mutants synthesized DNA in the nonpermissive host, but were defective in post-replicational modification...
Neuhard, J, Maltman, K L, Warren, R A
The infection of Pseudomonas acidovorans with bacteriophage phi W-14 leads to the gradual disappearance of dTTP from the cells and to the appearance of hydroxymethy dUTP (hmdUTP). Infected-cell...
Maltman, K L, Neuhard, J, Lewis, H A, Warren, R A
Host DNA synthesis stopped about 10 min after the infection of Pseudomonas acidovorans with bacteriophage phi W-14, but host DNA was not degraded to acid-soluble fragments. The synthesis of host but...
Lutwyche, P, Rupps, R, Cavanagh, J, Warren, R A, Brooks, D E
The gene encoding a mannose-resistant hemagglutinating protein was cloned from Escherichia coli O9:H10:K99. The hemagglutinin is different from two other mannose-resistant hemagglutinins in this...
Rational design and PCR-based synthesis of an artificial Schizophyllum commune xylanase gene.
Graham, R W, Atkinson, T, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
A synthetic gene encoding the Schizophyllum commune xylanase XynA was constructed by a novel PCR-based procedure. Three long oligonucleotides were synthesized and used in combination with flanking...
Miller, P B, Wakarchuk, W W, Warren, R A
The modified base alpha-putrescinylthymine (putT) in phi W-14 DNA blocks cleavage of the DNA by 17 of 32 Type II restriction endonucleases. The enzymes cleaving the DNA do so to widely varying...
Alkali lability of bacteriophage phi W-14 DNA.
Lewis, H A, Miller, R C, Stone, J C, Warren, R A
The molecular weight of bacteriophage phi W-14 DNA, determined by velocity sedimentation in neutral sucrose gradients, was 92 +/- 6 X 10(6). The DNA showed marked fragmentation in alkaline sucrose...
Domains in microbial beta-1, 4-glycanases: sequence conservation, function, and enzyme families.
Gilkes, N R, Henrissat, B, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
Several types of domain occur in beta-1, 4-glycanases. The best characterized of these are the catalytic domains and the cellulose-binding domains. The domains may be joined by linker sequences rich...
Shen, H, Gilkes, N R, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A
The gene cbhB from the cellulolytic bacterium Cellulomonas fimi encodes a polypeptide of 1090 amino acids. Cellobiohydrolase B (CbhB) is 1037 amino acids long, with a calculated molecular mass of...
The tertiary structure of a bacterial cellulase determined by small-angle X-ray-scattering analysis.
Pilz, I, Schwarz, E, Kilburn, D G, Miller, R C, Warren, R A, Gilkes, N R
CenA from Cellulomonas fimi is a beta-1,4-endoglucanase that binds tightly to cellulose. X-ray-scattering analyses show that the enzyme is tadpole-shaped: the previously identified catalytic and...
Damude, H G, Ferro, V, Withers, S G, Warren, R A
Values of kcat. and Km for the hydrolysis of cellotetraose, cellotriose, beta-cellobiosyl fluoride and various beta-aryl cellobiosides by endoglucanase A (CenA) from Cellulomonas fimi indicate that...
Lawson, S L, Warren, R A, Withers, S G
Retaining glycosidases achieve the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds through the assistance of two key active-site carboxyls. One carboxyl functions as a nucleophile/leaving group, and the other acts as...
Doheny, J G, Jervis, E J, Guarna, M M, Humphries, R K, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G
A chimaera of stem cell factor (SCF) and a cellulose-binding domain from the xylanase Cex (CBDCex) effectively immobilizes SCF on a cellulose surface. The fusion protein retains both the cytokine...
Stoll, D, He, S, Withers, S G, Warren, R A
Incubation of the beta-mannosidase Man2A from Cellulomonas fimi with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-mannosyl fluoride (2FMan beta F) resulted in time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme (inactivation rate...
Boraston, A B, Warren, R A, Kilburn, D G
When produced by Pichia pastoris, three of the five Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr sequences (corresponding to Asn-24, Asn-73 and Asn-87) in the carbohydrate-binding module CBM2a of xylanase 10A from Cellulomonas...
Probing the role of tryptophan residues in a cellulose-binding domain by chemical modification.
Bray, M. R., Johnson, P. E., Gilkes, N. R., McIntosh, L. P., Kilburn, D. G., Warren, R. A.
The cellulose-binding domain (CBDCex) of the mixed function glucanase-xylanase Cex from Cellulomonas fimi contains five tryptophans, two of which are located within the beta-barrel structure and...
Why do accident and emergency doctors request X-rays?
A prospective study was carried out to analyse all X-rays requested from the three accident and emergency departments in Sheffield during one week. There were 3253 patients examined, of which 1028...