Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 Tat proteins specifically interact with RNA polymerase II.
Mavankal, G, Ignatius Ou, S H, Oliver, H, Sigman, D, Gaynor, R B
The Tat-responsive region (TAR) element is a critical RNA regulatory element in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat, which is required for activation of gene expression by the...
Wu-Baer, F, Sigman, D, Gaynor, R B
The regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression in response to Tat is dependent on an element downstream of the HIV-1 transcriptional initiation site designated the...
Garcia, J A, Ou, S H, Wu, F, Lusis, A J, Sparkes, R S, Gaynor, R B
A critical regulatory element in many promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II is the "TATA" box, which is located 25-30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription initiation site. TFIID is a...
Li, C, Lai, C F, Sigman, D S, Gaynor, R B
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene expression is regulated by both general transcription factors and factors induced by activation of T lymphocytes such as NF-kappa B and the nuclear factor of...
Yin, M J, Paulssen, E J, Seeler, J S, Gaynor, R B
Gene expression from the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) is mediated by three cis-acting regulatory elements known as 21-bp repeats and the transactivator...
Ou, S H, Wu, F, Harrich, D, García-Martínez, L F, Gaynor, R B
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is modulated by both viral and cellular factors. A regulatory element in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat known as TAR, which extends from...
Harrich, D, Mavankal, G, Mette-Snider, A, Gaynor, R B
The TAR element is a viral regulatory element extending from +1 to +60 in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat, which is critical for activation by the transactivator...
Yin, M J, Paulssen, E, Seeler, J, Gaynor, R B
The regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) long terminal repeat gene expression is dependent on three cis-acting elements known as 21-bp repeats and the transactivator protein Tax....
Harrich, D, Ulich, C, Gaynor, R B
The regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is dependent on the transactivator protein Tat and an RNA element extending from the transcription initiation site to +57...
Ulich, C, Harrich, D, Estes, P, Gaynor, R B
Mutation of either of two critical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev, results in marked defects in viral replication. Thus, inhibition of the function of...
The regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) gene expression is dependent on three cis-acting elements, known as the 21-bp repeats, in the long terminal repeat. Each of the 21-bp...
Transcription factor PRDII-BF1 activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression.
Seeler, J S, Muchardt, C, Suessle, A, Gaynor, R B
Gene expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is modulated by both cellular transcription factors, which bind to cis-acting regulatory elements in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and the...
Differential growth kinetics are exhibited by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAR mutants.
Harrich, D, Hsu, C, Race, E, Gaynor, R B
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) TAR element is critical for the activation of gene expression by the transactivator protein, Tat. Mutagenesis has demonstrated that a stable stem-loop...
Role of flanking E box motifs in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TATA element function.
Ou, S H, Garcia-Martínez, L F, Paulssen, E J, Gaynor, R B
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is dependent on a number of cis-acting DNA elements present in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Previous studies have demonstrated that the...
Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus enhancer function by PRDII-BF1 and c-rel gene products.
Muchardt, C, Seeler, J S, Nirula, A, Shurland, D L, Gaynor, R B
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enhancer element is important in the regulation of HIV gene expression. A number of cellular proteins have been demonstrated to bind to the NF-kappa B motifs in...
Genetic mapping of a major site of phosphorylation in adenovirus type 2 E1A proteins.
Tsukamoto, A S, Ponticelli, A, Berk, A J, Gaynor, R B
Adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) encodes two acidic phosphoproteins which are required for transactivation of viral transcription, efficient viral DNA replication in phase G0-arrested human cells,...
Human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II exhibit different DNase I protection patterns.
Altman, R, Harrich, D, Garcia, J A, Gaynor, R B
Human T-cell leukemia virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) are human retroviruses which normally infect T-lymphoid cells. HTLV-I infection is associated with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, and...
Enhanced expression of adenovirus transforming proteins.
Gaynor, R B, Tsukamoto, A, Montell, C, Berk, A J
Proteins encoded in regions EIA and EIB of human adenoviruses cause transformation of rodent cells. One protein from EIA also stimulates transcription of other early regions at early times in a...
Gaynor, R B, Kuwabara, M D, Wu, F K, Garcia, J A, Harrich, D, Briskin, M, ...
The enhancer element of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) contains two copies of nearly identical sequences AGGGACTTTCC (3G sequence) and GGGGACTTTCC (4G...
Gaynor, R B, Hillman, D, Berk, A J
Transcription from all early adenovirus promoters is stimulated by a 289 amino acid phosphoprotein encoded in the pre-early transcription unit E1A. To determine if this protein could act on a...
The cellular factor TRP-185 regulates RNA polymerase II binding to HIV-1 TAR RNA.
Wu-Baer, F, Lane, W S, Gaynor, R B
Activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the transactivator Tat is dependent on an RNA regulatory element located downstream of the transcription initiation site known as TAR. To characterize cellular...
Alcamí, J, Laín De Lera, T, Folgueira, L, Pedraza, M A, Jacqué, J M, Bachelerie, F, ...
The role of NF-kappa B-dependent signals in activating the transcriptional activity of the HIV regulatory region (LTR) was analyzed by systematic comparison of HIV LTR activity in human CD4 T cells...
Garcia, J A, Harrich, D, Soultanakis, E, Wu, F, Mitsuyasu, R, Gaynor, R B
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 LTR is regulated at the transcriptional level by both cellular and viral proteins. Using HeLa cell extracts, multiple regions of the HIV LTR were found...
Wu, F K, Garcia, J A, Harrich, D, Gaynor, R B
Transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is regulated by viral proteins and cellular factors that bind to the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). At least five regions of the...
Garcia, J A, Harrich, D, Pearson, L, Mitsuyasu, R, Gaynor, R B
The transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type I involves the interaction of both viral and cellular proteins. The viral protein tat is important in increasing the...
Garcia, J A, Wu, F K, Mitsuyasu, R, Gaynor, R B
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a human retrovirus which is the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To study the cellular factors involved in the transcriptional...
Tat is required for efficient HIV-1 reverse transcription.
Harrich, D, Ulich, C, García-Martínez, L F, Gaynor, R B
The ability of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) to undergo efficient reverse transcription is dependent on a number of parameters. These include the binding of the tRNA(3)(Lys) to the HIV-1...
Purification of a Tat-associated kinase reveals a TFIIH complex that modulates HIV-1 transcription.
García-Martínez, L F, Mavankal, G, Neveu, J M, Lane, W S, Ivanov, D, Gaynor, R B
The Tat protein is a transcriptional activator which is required for efficient human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) gene expression Tat stimulates HIV-1 transcriptional elongation by increasing the...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 Tat proteins specifically interact with RNA polymerase II.
Mavankal, G, Ignatius Ou, S H, Oliver, H, Sigman, D, Gaynor, R B
The Tat-responsive region (TAR) element is a critical RNA regulatory element in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat, which is required for activation of gene expression by the...
Wu-Baer, F, Sigman, D, Gaynor, R B
The regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression in response to Tat is dependent on an element downstream of the HIV-1 transcriptional initiation site designated the...
Garcia, J A, Ou, S H, Wu, F, Lusis, A J, Sparkes, R S, Gaynor, R B
A critical regulatory element in many promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II is the "TATA" box, which is located 25-30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription initiation site. TFIID is a...
Li, C, Lai, C F, Sigman, D S, Gaynor, R B
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene expression is regulated by both general transcription factors and factors induced by activation of T lymphocytes such as NF-kappa B and the nuclear factor of...
Yin, M J, Paulssen, E J, Seeler, J S, Gaynor, R B
Gene expression from the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) is mediated by three cis-acting regulatory elements known as 21-bp repeats and the transactivator...
Ou, S H, Wu, F, Harrich, D, García-Martínez, L F, Gaynor, R B
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is modulated by both viral and cellular factors. A regulatory element in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat known as TAR, which extends from...
Harrich, D, Mavankal, G, Mette-Snider, A, Gaynor, R B
The TAR element is a viral regulatory element extending from +1 to +60 in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat, which is critical for activation by the transactivator...
Yin, M J, Paulssen, E, Seeler, J, Gaynor, R B
The regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) long terminal repeat gene expression is dependent on three cis-acting elements known as 21-bp repeats and the transactivator protein Tax....
Harrich, D, Ulich, C, Gaynor, R B
The regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is dependent on the transactivator protein Tat and an RNA element extending from the transcription initiation site to +57...
Ulich, C, Harrich, D, Estes, P, Gaynor, R B
Mutation of either of two critical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulatory proteins, Tat and Rev, results in marked defects in viral replication. Thus, inhibition of the function of...
The regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) gene expression is dependent on three cis-acting elements, known as the 21-bp repeats, in the long terminal repeat. Each of the 21-bp...
Transcription factor PRDII-BF1 activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression.
Seeler, J S, Muchardt, C, Suessle, A, Gaynor, R B
Gene expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is modulated by both cellular transcription factors, which bind to cis-acting regulatory elements in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and the...
Differential growth kinetics are exhibited by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TAR mutants.
Harrich, D, Hsu, C, Race, E, Gaynor, R B
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) TAR element is critical for the activation of gene expression by the transactivator protein, Tat. Mutagenesis has demonstrated that a stable stem-loop...
Role of flanking E box motifs in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TATA element function.
Ou, S H, Garcia-Martínez, L F, Paulssen, E J, Gaynor, R B
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is dependent on a number of cis-acting DNA elements present in the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Previous studies have demonstrated that the...
Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus enhancer function by PRDII-BF1 and c-rel gene products.
Muchardt, C, Seeler, J S, Nirula, A, Shurland, D L, Gaynor, R B
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enhancer element is important in the regulation of HIV gene expression. A number of cellular proteins have been demonstrated to bind to the NF-kappa B motifs in...
Genetic mapping of a major site of phosphorylation in adenovirus type 2 E1A proteins.
Tsukamoto, A S, Ponticelli, A, Berk, A J, Gaynor, R B
Adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) encodes two acidic phosphoproteins which are required for transactivation of viral transcription, efficient viral DNA replication in phase G0-arrested human cells,...
Human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II exhibit different DNase I protection patterns.
Altman, R, Harrich, D, Garcia, J A, Gaynor, R B
Human T-cell leukemia virus types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II) are human retroviruses which normally infect T-lymphoid cells. HTLV-I infection is associated with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, and...
Enhanced expression of adenovirus transforming proteins.
Gaynor, R B, Tsukamoto, A, Montell, C, Berk, A J
Proteins encoded in regions EIA and EIB of human adenoviruses cause transformation of rodent cells. One protein from EIA also stimulates transcription of other early regions at early times in a...
Gaynor, R B, Kuwabara, M D, Wu, F K, Garcia, J A, Harrich, D, Briskin, M, ...
The enhancer element of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) contains two copies of nearly identical sequences AGGGACTTTCC (3G sequence) and GGGGACTTTCC (4G...
Gaynor, R B, Hillman, D, Berk, A J
Transcription from all early adenovirus promoters is stimulated by a 289 amino acid phosphoprotein encoded in the pre-early transcription unit E1A. To determine if this protein could act on a...
The cellular factor TRP-185 regulates RNA polymerase II binding to HIV-1 TAR RNA.
Wu-Baer, F, Lane, W S, Gaynor, R B
Activation of HIV-1 gene expression by the transactivator Tat is dependent on an RNA regulatory element located downstream of the transcription initiation site known as TAR. To characterize cellular...
Alcamí, J, Laín De Lera, T, Folgueira, L, Pedraza, M A, Jacqué, J M, Bachelerie, F, ...
The role of NF-kappa B-dependent signals in activating the transcriptional activity of the HIV regulatory region (LTR) was analyzed by systematic comparison of HIV LTR activity in human CD4 T cells...
Garcia, J A, Harrich, D, Soultanakis, E, Wu, F, Mitsuyasu, R, Gaynor, R B
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 LTR is regulated at the transcriptional level by both cellular and viral proteins. Using HeLa cell extracts, multiple regions of the HIV LTR were found...
Wu, F K, Garcia, J A, Harrich, D, Gaynor, R B
Transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is regulated by viral proteins and cellular factors that bind to the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). At least five regions of the...
Garcia, J A, Harrich, D, Pearson, L, Mitsuyasu, R, Gaynor, R B
The transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type I involves the interaction of both viral and cellular proteins. The viral protein tat is important in increasing the...
Garcia, J A, Wu, F K, Mitsuyasu, R, Gaynor, R B
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a human retrovirus which is the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To study the cellular factors involved in the transcriptional...
Tat is required for efficient HIV-1 reverse transcription.
Harrich, D, Ulich, C, García-Martínez, L F, Gaynor, R B
The ability of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) to undergo efficient reverse transcription is dependent on a number of parameters. These include the binding of the tRNA(3)(Lys) to the HIV-1...
Purification of a Tat-associated kinase reveals a TFIIH complex that modulates HIV-1 transcription.
García-Martínez, L F, Mavankal, G, Neveu, J M, Lane, W S, Ivanov, D, Gaynor, R B
The Tat protein is a transcriptional activator which is required for efficient human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) gene expression Tat stimulates HIV-1 transcriptional elongation by increasing the...