Ferrus, T., Hasko, D. G., Morrissey, Q. R., Burge, S. R., Freeman, E. J., French, M. J., ...
We present a realisation of high bandwidth instrumentation at cryogenic temperatures and for dilution refrigerator operation that possesses advantages over methods using radio-frequency single...
Single shot measurement of a silicon single electron transistor (2008)
Hasko, D. G., Ferrus, T., Morrissey, Q. R., Burge, S. R., Freeman, E. J., French, M. J., ...
We have fabricated a custom cryogenic Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit that has a higher measurement bandwidth compared with conventional room temperature...
Evaluation of Serotonin as a Feedback Inhibitor of Lactation in the Bovine (2008)
Hernandez, L. L., Stiening, C. M., Wheelock, J. B., Baumgard, L. H., Parkhurst, Anne M., Collier, R. J.
Serotonin (5-HT), a neurotransmitter synthesized from tryptophan, has been proposed as a feedback inhibitor of lactation. We determined that the gene coding for tryptophan hydroxylase 1, the...
Single shot measurement of a silicon single electron transistor (2005)
Hasko, D. G., Ferrus, T., Morrissey, Q. R., Burge, S. R., Freeman, E. J., French, M. J., ...
We have fabricated a custom cryogenic CMOS integrated circuit that has a higher measurement bandwidth compared with conventional room temperature electronics. This allowed to implement single shot...
Exact solution of lossy asymmetrical coupled dielectric slab waveguides (2001)
This paper gives an exact characteristic equation for asymmetrical coupled dielectric slab waveguides with losses in both the guiding and surrounding regions. For the lossless case the solution of a...
Roles of Glu 349 and Asp 352 in membrane insertion and translocation by diphtheria toxin (1996)
KAUL, P., SILVERMAN, J., SHEN, W. H., BLANKE, S. R., HUYNH, P. D., FINKELSTEIN, A., ...
Anthrax toxin-mediated delivery of a cytotoxic T-cell epitope in vivo.
Ballard, J D, Collier, R J, Starnbach, M N
The protective antigen (PA) component of anthrax toxin mediates entry of the toxin's lethal factor (LF) and edema factor into the cytosolic compartment of mammalian cells. The amino-terminal domain...
Blanke, S R, Milne, J C, Benson, E L, Collier, R J
The lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF) of anthrax toxin bind by means of their amino-terminal domains to protective antigen (PA) on the surface of toxin-sensitive cells and are translocated to...
Mahan, M J, Tobias, J W, Slauch, J M, Hanna, P C, Collier, R J, Mekalanos, J J
We have recently described a genetic system, termed in vivo expression technology (IVET), that uses an animal as a selective medium to identify genes that pathogenic bacteria specifically express...
Mindell, J A, Zhan, H, Huynh, P D, Collier, R J, Finkelstein, A
The diphtheria toxin channel is believed to be a homooligomer of its T domain in which each subunit consists of two alpha-helices, lying within the membrane, connected by a short interhelical loop of...
Fu, H, Coburn, J, Collier, R J
Exoenzyme S (ExoS), which has been implicated as a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, catalyzes transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ to many eukaryotic cellular proteins. Its preferred...
On the role of macrophages in anthrax.
Hanna, P C, Acosta, D, Collier, R J
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, produces systemic shock and death in susceptible animals, primarily through the action of its lethal toxin. This toxin, at high concentrations,...
Douglas, C M, Guidi-Rontani, C, Collier, R J
We subcloned the structural gene for exotoxin A (ETA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in front of the tac promoter in an Escherichia coli expression vector and studied the intracellular location and...
Glutamic acid 553 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) has been identified by photoaffinity labeling as a residue within the NAD binding site (S.F. Carroll and R.J. Collier, J. Biol. Chem....
Genetic analysis of the functional relationship between colicin E3 and its immunity protein.
Mock, M, Miyada, C G, Collier, R J
Partial deletions in the immunity gene of the colicin E3 operon were used to study possible functions of the immunity protein besides protection against exogenous colicin. Nuclease BAL-31 was used to...
Anthrax protective antigen interacts with a specific receptor on the surface of CHO-K1 cells.
The interaction of protective antigen (PA), a component of the anthrax toxin, with receptors on the Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-K1 was characterized. Protective antigen binding at 4 degrees C...
Toxoid of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A generated by deletion of an active-site residue.
Lukac, M, Pier, G B, Collier, R J
Glutamic acid-553 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA), identified previously as an active-site residue, was deleted by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the cloned toxin gene in...
Photolabeling of Glu-129 of the S-1 subunit of pertussis toxin with NAD.
Barbieri, J T, Mende-Mueller, L M, Rappuoli, R, Collier, R J
UV irradiation was shown to induce efficient transfer of radiolabel from nicotinamide-labeled NAD to a recombinant protein (C180 peptide) containing the catalytic region of the S-1 subunit of...
Expression of the S-1 catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin in Escherichia coli.
Barbieri, J T, Rappuoli, R, Collier, R J
The S-1 subunit of pertussis toxin was expressed as a fusion protein in a strain of Escherichia coli deficient in protein degradation. The fusion protein reacted with anti-pertussis toxin antibody,...
Expression of a mutant, full-length form of diphtheria toxin in Escherichia coli.
A mutant, full-length form of diphtheria toxin was cloned into Escherichia coli K-12 and expressed under BL-1 + EK-1 containment. A gene fragment encoding the catalytic domain of the toxin was...
Biochemical and physiological changes induced by anthrax lethal toxin in J774 macrophage-like cells.
Hanna, P C, Kochi, S, Collier, R J
Experiments were performed to probe the mechanism by which Bacillus anthracis Lethal Toxin (LeTx) causes lysis of J774 macrophage-like cells. After incubation of cells with saturating concentrations...
Evidence that glutamic acid 167 is an active-site residue of Shiga-like toxin I.
Hovde, C J, Calderwood, S B, Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J
Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin I, a close relative of Shiga toxin and a distant relative of the ricin family of plant toxins, inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis by catalyzing the depurination...
Cabiaux, V, Mindell, J, Collier, R J
A mutant of diphtheria toxin in which Ile-364 was replaced by Lys was at least 500-fold less toxic to Vero cells than the parental toxin. Its ability to undergo low-pH-triggered translocation across...
Acidic pH within endosomal vesicles of sensitive animal cells triggers a conformational change in diphtheria toxin (DT) that is believed to cause the B chain to insert into the vesicular membrane and...
Anthrax toxin: channel-forming activity of protective antigen in planar phospholipid bilayers.
Blaustein, R O, Koehler, T M, Collier, R J, Finkelstein, A
The three separate proteins that make up anthrax toxin--protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF)--act in binary combinations to produce two distinct reactions in...
Effects of eliminating a disulfide bridge within domain II of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.
Cysteines 265 and 287 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) were substituted by serine, thereby eliminating a disulfide bridge within domain II, the putative membrane insertion-translocation...
Structure of exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 3.0-Angstrom resolution.
Allured, V S, Collier, R J, Carroll, S F, McKay, D B
Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a secreted bacterial toxin capable of translocating a catalytic domain into mammalian cells and inhibiting protein synthesis by the ADP-ribosylation of...
Amino-acid sequence of fragment A, an enzymically active fragment from diphtheria toxin.
DeLange, R J, Drazin, R E, Collier, R J
The amino-acid sequence of Fragment A from diphtheria toxin is reported. Fragment A (molecular weight, Mr, 21,145) is the major enzymically active fragment produced upon activation of the intact...
We showed earlier that exposing mixtures of NAD and diphtheria toxin fragment A to ultraviolet radiation (253.7 nm) induced the formation of covalently linked protein-ligand photoproducts. Here we...
Diphtheria toxin: nucleotide binding and toxin heterogeneity.
We have used flow dialysis to demonstrate binding of ATP and related compounds to diphtheria toxin. The results define a new site on the toxin molecule (the P site), which has distinctly different...
Gilliland, D G, Steplewski, Z, Collier, R J, Mitchell, K F, Chang, T H, Koprowski, H
We have constructed cell-specific cytotoxic agens by covalently coupling the A chain from diphtheria toxin or ricin toxin to monoclonal antibody directed against a colorectal carcinoma...
DPH5, a methyltransferase gene required for diphthamide biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Mattheakis, L C, Shen, W H, Collier, R J
A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in the S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferase step of diphthamide biosynthesis was selected by intracellular expression of the F2...
Nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for diphtheria toxin carried by corynebacteriophage beta.
Greenfield, L, Bjorn, M J, Horn, G, Fong, D, Buck, G A, Collier, R J, ...
A 1,942-base-pair DNA segment encoding the structural gene for diphtheria toxin was sequenced, and the primary structure of the toxin was deduced. Restriction enzyme fragments corresponding to...
Carroll, S F, McCloskey, J A, Crain, P F, Oppenheimer, N J, Marschner, T M, Collier, R J
Irradiation of mixtures of diphtheria toxin fragment A and [carbonyl-14C]NAD with UV light (253.7 nm) is known to induce efficient transfer of the radiolabel to position 148, corresponding to...
O'Keefe, D O, Cabiaux, V, Choe, S, Eisenberg, D, Collier, R J
To investigate how diphtheria toxin (DT) undergoes pH-dependent membrane translocation in mammalian cells, we have isolated and characterized mutants of the toxin that are defective in...
Killeen, K P, Escuyer, V, Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J
Deleting an important active-site residue of diphtheria toxin, glutamic acid-148, reduces the toxin's ADP-ribosyltransferase activity by a factor of greater than 10(4). We considered using this...
Affinity filters, a new approach to the isolation of tox mutants of Vibrio cholerae.
Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J, Romig, W R
We have devised a novel plate assay method for detecting mutants of Vibrio cholerae altered in the production of cholera toxin (tox mutants). Colonies replicated from a master plate are grown on the...
Simple method for purifying choleragenoid, the natural toxoid of Vibrio cholerae.
Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J, Romig, W R
Choleragenoid, a nontoxic aggregate of the B subunit of cholera toxin, has been purified from concentrated culture filtrates in a single step by ion-exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose or...
A nontoxic peptide (molecular weight, 26,000), which is active in catalyzing the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of elongation factor 2, has been isolated from the culture supernatant of...
Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J, Romig, W R
Cholera toxin was obtained in pure form by fractionation on two phosphocellulose columns successively. Cholera toxin and choleragenoid were quantitatively and selectively adsorbed to the first column...
Locating a residue in the diphtheria toxin channel.
Mindell, J A, Silverman, J A, Collier, R J, Finkelstein, A
We are studying structure-function relationships in the Diphtheria Toxin (DT) channel using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and electrophysiology in artificial lipid bilayers. We made...
Two restriction fragments from corynebacteriophage beta vir tox+ that encode peptides similar to diphtheria toxin fragment A and the chain termination fragment, CRM45, have been cloned into...
Ultrastructural changes in porcine mammary tissue during lactogenesis.
Kensinger, R S, Collier, R J, Bazer, F W
Ultrastructural changes occurring in porcine mammary tissue were characterised between Day 90 of pregnancy and Day 4 of lactation. Porcine mammary tissue on Day 90 of pregnancy was composed of...
Anthrax toxin-mediated delivery of a cytotoxic T-cell epitope in vivo.
Ballard, J D, Collier, R J, Starnbach, M N
The protective antigen (PA) component of anthrax toxin mediates entry of the toxin's lethal factor (LF) and edema factor into the cytosolic compartment of mammalian cells. The amino-terminal domain...
Blanke, S R, Milne, J C, Benson, E L, Collier, R J
The lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF) of anthrax toxin bind by means of their amino-terminal domains to protective antigen (PA) on the surface of toxin-sensitive cells and are translocated to...
Mahan, M J, Tobias, J W, Slauch, J M, Hanna, P C, Collier, R J, Mekalanos, J J
We have recently described a genetic system, termed in vivo expression technology (IVET), that uses an animal as a selective medium to identify genes that pathogenic bacteria specifically express...
Mindell, J A, Zhan, H, Huynh, P D, Collier, R J, Finkelstein, A
The diphtheria toxin channel is believed to be a homooligomer of its T domain in which each subunit consists of two alpha-helices, lying within the membrane, connected by a short interhelical loop of...
Fu, H, Coburn, J, Collier, R J
Exoenzyme S (ExoS), which has been implicated as a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, catalyzes transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ to many eukaryotic cellular proteins. Its preferred...
On the role of macrophages in anthrax.
Hanna, P C, Acosta, D, Collier, R J
Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, produces systemic shock and death in susceptible animals, primarily through the action of its lethal toxin. This toxin, at high concentrations,...
Douglas, C M, Guidi-Rontani, C, Collier, R J
We subcloned the structural gene for exotoxin A (ETA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in front of the tac promoter in an Escherichia coli expression vector and studied the intracellular location and...
Glutamic acid 553 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) has been identified by photoaffinity labeling as a residue within the NAD binding site (S.F. Carroll and R.J. Collier, J. Biol. Chem....
Genetic analysis of the functional relationship between colicin E3 and its immunity protein.
Mock, M, Miyada, C G, Collier, R J
Partial deletions in the immunity gene of the colicin E3 operon were used to study possible functions of the immunity protein besides protection against exogenous colicin. Nuclease BAL-31 was used to...
Two restriction fragments from corynebacteriophage beta vir tox+ that encode peptides similar to diphtheria toxin fragment A and the chain termination fragment, CRM45, have been cloned into...
Anthrax protective antigen interacts with a specific receptor on the surface of CHO-K1 cells.
The interaction of protective antigen (PA), a component of the anthrax toxin, with receptors on the Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-K1 was characterized. Protective antigen binding at 4 degrees C...
Toxoid of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A generated by deletion of an active-site residue.
Lukac, M, Pier, G B, Collier, R J
Glutamic acid-553 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA), identified previously as an active-site residue, was deleted by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the cloned toxin gene in...
Photolabeling of Glu-129 of the S-1 subunit of pertussis toxin with NAD.
Barbieri, J T, Mende-Mueller, L M, Rappuoli, R, Collier, R J
UV irradiation was shown to induce efficient transfer of radiolabel from nicotinamide-labeled NAD to a recombinant protein (C180 peptide) containing the catalytic region of the S-1 subunit of...
Expression of the S-1 catalytic subunit of pertussis toxin in Escherichia coli.
Barbieri, J T, Rappuoli, R, Collier, R J
The S-1 subunit of pertussis toxin was expressed as a fusion protein in a strain of Escherichia coli deficient in protein degradation. The fusion protein reacted with anti-pertussis toxin antibody,...
Expression of a mutant, full-length form of diphtheria toxin in Escherichia coli.
A mutant, full-length form of diphtheria toxin was cloned into Escherichia coli K-12 and expressed under BL-1 + EK-1 containment. A gene fragment encoding the catalytic domain of the toxin was...
Biochemical and physiological changes induced by anthrax lethal toxin in J774 macrophage-like cells.
Hanna, P C, Kochi, S, Collier, R J
Experiments were performed to probe the mechanism by which Bacillus anthracis Lethal Toxin (LeTx) causes lysis of J774 macrophage-like cells. After incubation of cells with saturating concentrations...
Evidence that glutamic acid 167 is an active-site residue of Shiga-like toxin I.
Hovde, C J, Calderwood, S B, Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J
Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin I, a close relative of Shiga toxin and a distant relative of the ricin family of plant toxins, inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis by catalyzing the depurination...
Cabiaux, V, Mindell, J, Collier, R J
A mutant of diphtheria toxin in which Ile-364 was replaced by Lys was at least 500-fold less toxic to Vero cells than the parental toxin. Its ability to undergo low-pH-triggered translocation across...
Acidic pH within endosomal vesicles of sensitive animal cells triggers a conformational change in diphtheria toxin (DT) that is believed to cause the B chain to insert into the vesicular membrane and...
Anthrax toxin: channel-forming activity of protective antigen in planar phospholipid bilayers.
Blaustein, R O, Koehler, T M, Collier, R J, Finkelstein, A
The three separate proteins that make up anthrax toxin--protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF)--act in binary combinations to produce two distinct reactions in...
Effects of eliminating a disulfide bridge within domain II of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A.
Cysteines 265 and 287 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA) were substituted by serine, thereby eliminating a disulfide bridge within domain II, the putative membrane insertion-translocation...
Structure of exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 3.0-Angstrom resolution.
Allured, V S, Collier, R J, Carroll, S F, McKay, D B
Exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a secreted bacterial toxin capable of translocating a catalytic domain into mammalian cells and inhibiting protein synthesis by the ADP-ribosylation of...
Amino-acid sequence of fragment A, an enzymically active fragment from diphtheria toxin.
DeLange, R J, Drazin, R E, Collier, R J
The amino-acid sequence of Fragment A from diphtheria toxin is reported. Fragment A (molecular weight, Mr, 21,145) is the major enzymically active fragment produced upon activation of the intact...
We showed earlier that exposing mixtures of NAD and diphtheria toxin fragment A to ultraviolet radiation (253.7 nm) induced the formation of covalently linked protein-ligand photoproducts. Here we...
Diphtheria toxin: nucleotide binding and toxin heterogeneity.
We have used flow dialysis to demonstrate binding of ATP and related compounds to diphtheria toxin. The results define a new site on the toxin molecule (the P site), which has distinctly different...
Gilliland, D G, Steplewski, Z, Collier, R J, Mitchell, K F, Chang, T H, Koprowski, H
We have constructed cell-specific cytotoxic agens by covalently coupling the A chain from diphtheria toxin or ricin toxin to monoclonal antibody directed against a colorectal carcinoma...
DPH5, a methyltransferase gene required for diphthamide biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Mattheakis, L C, Shen, W H, Collier, R J
A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in the S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferase step of diphthamide biosynthesis was selected by intracellular expression of the F2...
Nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for diphtheria toxin carried by corynebacteriophage beta.
Greenfield, L, Bjorn, M J, Horn, G, Fong, D, Buck, G A, Collier, R J, ...
A 1,942-base-pair DNA segment encoding the structural gene for diphtheria toxin was sequenced, and the primary structure of the toxin was deduced. Restriction enzyme fragments corresponding to...
Carroll, S F, McCloskey, J A, Crain, P F, Oppenheimer, N J, Marschner, T M, Collier, R J
Irradiation of mixtures of diphtheria toxin fragment A and [carbonyl-14C]NAD with UV light (253.7 nm) is known to induce efficient transfer of the radiolabel to position 148, corresponding to...
O'Keefe, D O, Cabiaux, V, Choe, S, Eisenberg, D, Collier, R J
To investigate how diphtheria toxin (DT) undergoes pH-dependent membrane translocation in mammalian cells, we have isolated and characterized mutants of the toxin that are defective in...
Killeen, K P, Escuyer, V, Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J
Deleting an important active-site residue of diphtheria toxin, glutamic acid-148, reduces the toxin's ADP-ribosyltransferase activity by a factor of greater than 10(4). We considered using this...
Affinity filters, a new approach to the isolation of tox mutants of Vibrio cholerae.
Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J, Romig, W R
We have devised a novel plate assay method for detecting mutants of Vibrio cholerae altered in the production of cholera toxin (tox mutants). Colonies replicated from a master plate are grown on the...
Simple method for purifying choleragenoid, the natural toxoid of Vibrio cholerae.
Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J, Romig, W R
Choleragenoid, a nontoxic aggregate of the B subunit of cholera toxin, has been purified from concentrated culture filtrates in a single step by ion-exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose or...
A nontoxic peptide (molecular weight, 26,000), which is active in catalyzing the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation of elongation factor 2, has been isolated from the culture supernatant of...
Mekalanos, J J, Collier, R J, Romig, W R
Cholera toxin was obtained in pure form by fractionation on two phosphocellulose columns successively. Cholera toxin and choleragenoid were quantitatively and selectively adsorbed to the first column...
Ultrastructural changes in porcine mammary tissue during lactogenesis.
Kensinger, R S, Collier, R J, Bazer, F W
Ultrastructural changes occurring in porcine mammary tissue were characterised between Day 90 of pregnancy and Day 4 of lactation. Porcine mammary tissue on Day 90 of pregnancy was composed of...
Locating a residue in the diphtheria toxin channel.
Mindell, J A, Silverman, J A, Collier, R J, Finkelstein, A
We are studying structure-function relationships in the Diphtheria Toxin (DT) channel using a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and electrophysiology in artificial lipid bilayers. We made...
Roles of Glu 349 and Asp 352 in membrane insertion and translocation by diphtheria toxin.
Kaul, P., Silverman, J., Shen, W. H., Blanke, S. R., Huynh, P. D., Finkelstein, A., ...
Acidic conditions within the endosomal lumen induce the T domain of receptor-bound diphtheria toxin (DT) to insert into the endosomal membrane and mediate translocation of the toxin's catalytic...
Role of macrophage oxidative burst in the action of anthrax lethal toxin.
Hanna, P. C., Kruskal, B. A., Ezekowitz, R. A., Bloom, B. R., Collier, R. J.
BACKGROUND: Major symptoms and death from systemic Bacillus anthracis infections are mediated by the action of the pathogen's lethal toxin on host macrophages. High levels of the toxin are cytolytic...
Collier, R. J., Pappenheimer, A. M.
Intracellular levels of ATP, GTP, and hexose phosphates have been determined in HeLa cells at intervals after exposure to saturating doses of diphtheria toxin. Toxin causes no significant change in...
Collier, R. J., Pappenheimer, A. M.
It has been demonstrated that low concentrations of highly purified diphtheria toxin specifically inhibit incorporation of labeled amino acids into polypeptides in extracts from HeLa cells and from...