Some Mathematical Models and Computer Programs for Small Arms Analyses (2002)
Simmons, R. L., Malinoski, F. A., Hung, H. M.
A collection of some mathematical models and their computer programs related to small arms are presented. The models encompass three areas: interior ballistics, exterior ballistics and target...
De Vera, M E, Shapiro, R A, Nussler, A K, Mudgett, J S, Simmons, R L, Morris, S M, ...
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is complex and is regulated in part by gene transcription. In this investigation we studied the regulation of NOS2 in a human liver epithelial...
Geller, D A, Nussler, A K, Di Silvio, M, Lowenstein, C J, Shapiro, R A, Wang, S C, ...
Nitric oxide (NO.) is a short-lived mediator which can be induced in a variety of cell types and produces many physiologic and metabolic changes in target cells. The inducible or high-output NO....
Molecular cloning and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase from human hepatocytes.
Geller, D A, Lowenstein, C J, Shapiro, R A, Nussler, A K, Di Silvio, M, Wang, S C, ...
Nitric oxide is a short-lived biologic mediator for diverse cell types. Synthesis of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in murine macrophages is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and...
Defensins Impair Phagocytic Killing by Neutrophils in Biomaterial-Related Infection
Kaplan, S. S., Heine, R. P., Simmons, R. L.
The implantation of foreign material carries a risk of infection which frequently is resistant to all treatment short of removing the implant. We have previously shown that these materials activate...
Effect of nitric oxide on staphylococcal killing and interactive effect with superoxide.
Kaplan, S S, Lancaster, J R, Basford, R E, Simmons, R L
The role of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) such as nitric oxide (.NO) in host defense against pyogenic microorganisms is unclear, and the actual interactive effect of RNI and reactive...
Kim, Y M, Hong, S J, Billiar, T R, Simmons, R L
Erythrocytes (RBC) in the peritoneal cavity significantly increase the lethality of bacterial peritonitis. The lethality is known to be associated with, and perhaps due to, increased bacterial counts...
Wells, C L, Jechorek, R P, Maddaus, M A, Simmons, R L
The intestinal colonization and translocation of enterococci was studied in mice treated intramuscularly with metronidazole or clindamycin, with or without oral streptomycin. Treatment with...
Evidence for the phagocytic transport of intestinal particles in dogs and rats.
Wells, C L, Maddaus, M A, Erlandsen, S L, Simmons, R L
Fluorescent latex beads of two different colors were implanted into separate intestinal segments in individual dogs and rats. Mesenteric lymph node phagocytes subsequently contained multiple beads of...
Wells, C L, Maddaus, M A, Reynolds, C M, Jechorek, R P, Simmons, R L
It is thought that the normal enteric microflora acts not only to prevent intestinal colonization but also to prevent subsequent systemic dissemination of ingested, potentially pathogenic bacteria....
Ability of intestinal Escherichia coli to survive within mesenteric lymph nodes.
Wells, C L, Maddaus, M A, Jechorek, R P, Simmons, R L
Identification of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) bacteria showed that indigenous streptomycin-sensitive Escherichia coli could be recovered from MLN at least 48 h after this organism had been...
West, M A, Keller, G A, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L
Hepatic dysfunction is a poorly understood and highly lethal component of multiple-system organ failure. Both in vivo and in vitro studies of "liver" function have generally neglected...
Effects of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis on peritoneal host defenses.
Dunn, D L, Barke, R A, Ewald, D C, Simmons, R L
Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis are common copathogens in clinical intra-abdominal sepsis, yet it is unclear how they interact synergistically in vivo. We sought to determine whether E....
Rotstein, O D, Pruett, T L, Fiegel, V D, Nelson, R D, Simmons, R L
Anaerobes, in particular Bacteroides spp., are the predominant bacteria present in mixed intra-abdominal infections, yet their critical importance in the pathogenicity of these infections is not...
Dunn, D L, Barke, R A, Knight, N B, Humphrey, E W, Simmons, R L
Microbial pathogens within the peritoneal cavity are thought to encounter three categories of host defense mechanisms: (i) removal mechanisms, which occur via diaphragmatic lymphatic absorption; (ii)...
Nelson, R D, McCormack, R T, Fiegel, V D, Herron, M, Simmons, R L, Quie, P G
Neutrophils preexposed to high concentrations of activated complement or synthetic N-formyl methionyl peptides are inhibited in their subsequent spontaneous and chemotactic migratory responses. We...
Chemiluminescence response of phagocytizing human monocytes.
Nelson, R D, Mills, E L, Simmons, R L, Quie, P G
Chemiluminescence (CL) occurs as a consequence of phagocytosis of bacteria or inert particles by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. This phenomenon appears to be related to the production of...
Chemotactic deactivation of human neutrophils: evidence for nonspecific and specific components.
Nelson, R D, McCormack, R T, Fiegel, V D, Simmons, R L
Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils have been preexposed to activated complement as zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) or to the chemotactic oligopeptide N-formyl methionylphenylalanine (F-Met-Phe)....
Nitric oxide production in host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host reactions in the rat.
Langrehr, J M, Murase, N, Markus, P M, Cai, X, Neuhaus, P, Schraut, W, ...
The present study was designed to determine whether .N = O produced in vivo during the rejection of histoincompatible tissues might permit serum NO2-/NO3- levels to serve as markers of a rejection...
Monomeric inducible nitric oxide synthase localizes to peroxisomes in hepatocytes
Loughran, P. A., Stolz, D. B., Vodovotz, Y., Watkins, S. C., Simmons, R. L., Billiar, T. R.
Hepatocytes are capable of repeated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, which occurs under inflammatory and stress conditions. This iNOS expression regulates a number of cellular functions as...
Glutathione regulates nitric oxide synthase in cultured hepatocytes.
Harbrecht, B G, Di Silvio, M, Chough, V, Kim, Y M, Simmons, R L, Billiar, T R
OBJECTIVE: The authors determine the relationship between glutathione and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in cultured hepatocytes. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Glutathione is a cofactor for a number of...
Kalff, J C, Schraut, W H, Simmons, R L, Bauer, A J
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to ileus after abdominal surgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The common supposition is that more invasive operations are associated...
Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits hepatocyte mitochondrial respiration.
Stadler, J, Bentz, B G, Harbrecht, B G, Di Silvio, M, Curran, R D, Billiar, T R, ...
Although direct cytotoxicity is a well-established phenomenon of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-induced tissue damage, the intracellular events leading to cell death are still poorly...
Hepatocyte injury by activated neutrophils in vitro is mediated by proteases.
Harbrecht, B G, Billiar, T R, Curran, R D, Stadler, J, Simmons, R L
OBJECTIVE: This study determined the mechanism used by neutrophils (PMNs) to induce hepatocellular injury. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Neutrophils have been shown to be potent mediators of cell and...
Macrophages produce nitric oxide at allograft sites.
Langrehr, J M, White, D A, Hoffman, R A, Simmons, R L
OBJECTIVE: The current study was designed to determine which cytokines produced during an alloimmune response stimulate macrophage nitric oxide (.N = O) production at allograft sites. SUMMARY...
Solomkin, J S, Meakins, J L, Allo, M D, Dellinger, E P, Simmons, R L
The introduction of several new antibiotics, including cephalosporins and ureido-penicillins, has been a stimulus for clinical trials with these agents for intra-abdominal infection. Despite marked...
Regulation of neutrophil migratory function in burn injury by complement activation products.
Solomkin, J S, Nelson, R D, Chenoweth, D E, Solem, L D, Simmons, R L
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were isolated from patients with burn injury and random mobility, chemotaxis in response to C5adesArg (as agarose-activated control serum) and to...
Keller, G A, West, M A, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L
The etiology of hepatic insufficiency associated with the multiple systems organ failure (MSOF) syndrome is unclear. The authors have investigated the possibility that a macrophage/Kupffer cell...
Najarian, J S, Fryd, D S, Strand, M, Canafax, D M, Ascher, N L, Payne, W D, ...
Between September 26, 1980 and December 31, 1983, 230 splenectomized, transfused renal allograft recipients were randomized to treatment with either cyclosporin-prednisone (N = 121, 68 diabetic and...
Keller, G A, West, M A, Wilkes, L A, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L
We have previously reported a diminution of protein synthesis by isolated Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes following coculture with lipopolysaccharide-triggered nonparenchymal liver cells (NPC)...
Keller, G A, West, M A, Harty, J T, Wilkes, L A, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L
The authors previously reported that unstimulated peritoneal macrophages and LPS stimulated Kupffer cell-rich nonparenchymal liver cells (NPC) can inhibit protein synthesis in cultured rat...
Intra-abdominal infections in pancreas transplant recipients.
Hesse, U J, Sutherland, D E, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
During a 7-year period, 116 pancreas transplants were performed in 98 diabetic patients (49 with and 49 without previous kidney transplants) at the University of Minnesota. The posttransplant...
Rotstein, O D, Pruett, T L, Simmons, R L
Fibrin deposition initiated by peritonitis is thought to be an important local defense mechanism because it sequesters and walls off bacterial spillage. However, fibrin has been shown to predispose...
The outcome of 304 primary renal transplants in children (1968-1985).
Najarian, J S, So, S K, Simmons, R L, Fryd, D S, Nevins, T E, Ascher, N L, ...
Of 304 children who received primary renal transplants at the University of Minnesota between January 1, 1968, and December 31, 1985, 48 (16%) were under the age of 24 months, 60 (20%) were 2-5 years...
Factors determining successful liver preservation for transplantation.
Toledo-Pereyra, L H, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
Auxiliary liver allotransplants will survive for relatively long periods of time after 24 hour hypothermic (10-12C), pulsatile perfusion. The best perfusate was a silica gel fraction of dog plasma...
Acute renal insufficiency complicating major cardiovascular surgery.
Casali, R, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S, Von Haritizsch, B, Buselmeier, T J, Kjellstrand, C M
Thirty-one patients underwent hemodialysis for renal failure as a complication of major cardiovascular surgery at the University of Minnesota (1968-1973). Only eight patients (26%) survived. A review...
Wound infections in renal transplant wounds: pathogenetic and prognostic factors.
Kyriakides, G K, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
The factors contributing to transplant wound infection, as well as those determining its outcome, have been reviewed in 27 transplant patients with wound infection. Unrelated cadaver kidneys,...
Seven years' experience with antilymphoblast globulin for renal transplantation from cadaver donors.
Najarian, J S, Simmons, R L, Condie, R M, Thompson, E J, Fryd, D S, Howard, R J, ...
Antibody of the IgGab type can be isolated from horses immunized with cultured human lymphoblasts plus complete Freund's adjuvant. The essential steps for the production of a safe, potent anti-human...
Factors related to success or failure of second renal transplants.
Casali, R, Simmons, R L, Ferguson, R M, Mauer, M M, Kjellstrand, C M, Buselmeier, T J, ...
From January 1, 1968 to December 31, 1973, 50 patients received two or more kidney transplants. Patient and graft survival was highly dependent upon the source of the donor and to a lesser extent the...
Prevention of lymphoceles following renal transplantation.
Howard, R J, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
Lymphoceles occur follow 1.2 to 18.1% of renal transplants. Of 543 kidney transplants performed at the University of Minnesota, lymphoceles occured in three (an incidence of 0.6%). These three...
Ten Year Experience With Renal Transplantation in Juvenile Onset Diabetics
Najarian, J. S., Sutherland, D. E. R., Simmons, R. L., Howard, R. J., Kjellstrand, C. M., Ramsay, R. C., ...
Between 1968 and 1978, 305 juvenile onset diabetic patients with uremia and 462 nondiabetic uremic patients of similar age received primary renal allografts at the University of Minnesota. Two...
Chemotactic substances in the treatment of experimental intraperitoneal infections.
Since peritonitis remains a serious clinical problem, we have evaluated the prophylactic efficacy of intraperitoneally administered chemotactic substances in murine intraperitoneal infections. The...
Neutrophils dysfunction during the course of intra-abdominal infection.
Solomkin, J S, Bauman, M P, Nelson, R D, Simmons, R L
Twenty-four patients with intra-peritoneal infections were studied sequentially to evaluate neutrophil chemotaxis, spontaneous migration, and chemiluminescence. In six patients, infection was due to...
Candida infections in surgical patients. Dose requirements and toxicity of amphotericin B.
Solomkin, J S, Flohr, A, Simmons, R L
The natural history of candidiasis in general surgical patients has been poorly documented, and the toxicity of amphotericin B is widely heralded. For these reasons therapy for candidiasis is...
Tofte, R W, Canafax, D M, Simmons, R L, Peterson, P K
Serum amikacin concentrations were compared in infected renal transplant recipients that were compared in infected renal transplant recipients that were dosed using a creatinine-based nomogram (group...
Long-term success with double pediatric cadaver donor renal transplants.
Schneider, J R, Sutherland, D E, Simmons, R L, Fryd, D S, Najarian, J S
Many institutions are reluctant to use pediatric cadaver kidneys for transplantation because of a fear of an increased risk of technical complications or because these grafts leave the recipient with...
Matas, A J, Sibley, R, Mauer, M, Sutherland, D E, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
Following renal transplantation, immunosuppression is usually increased to treat presumed rejection episodes. However, a) many conditions mimic rejection in the post-transplant period, and b) many...
Weiland, D, Ferguson, R M, Peterson, P K, Snover, D C, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
In immunocompromised renal transplant patients, aspergillosis can be a life-threatening opportunistic infection. During an 8-year period, 25 renal transplant recipients at the University of Minnesota...
Gastrointestinal complications of congenital immunodeficiency states. The surgeon's role.
Mulholland, M W, Delaney, J P, Foker, J E, Leonard, A S, Simmons, R L
Ninety-one congenitally immunodeficient patients treated from 1972 to 1981 were reviewed to assess the incidence and nature of gastrointestinal complications. Thirty-three of these patients (36%)...
Dunn, D L, Barke, R A, Ahrenholz, D H, Humphrey, E W, Simmons, R L
At laparotomy, many surgeons routinely instill crystalloid solutions into the peritoneal cavity, presumably to dilute out necrotic debris, bacteria, and adjuvant substances which foster bacterial...
Hanto, D W, Gajl-Peczalska, K J, Frizzera, G, Arthur, D C, Balfour, H H, McClain, K, ...
Nineteen renal allograft recipients developed B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. Clinically there were two groups: a) young patients (mean age, 23 years) who presented soon (mean, 9 months) after...
Renal transplantation for diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Najarian, J S, Kjellstrand, C M, Simmons, R L, Buselmeier, T J, Von Hartitzsch, B, Goetz, F C
Pathogenesis of "transplant lung". I. Interstitial pulmonary edema.
Uranga, V M, Simmons, R L, Kjellstrand, C M, Buselmeier, T J, Najarian, J S
Curran, R D, Billiar, T R, Stuehr, D J, Ochoa, J B, Harbrecht, B G, Flint, S G, ...
The etiology and mechanisms by which severe trauma or sepsis induce hepatic failure are unknown. Previously we showed that Kupffer cells (KC), the fixed macrophages of the liver, induce a profound...
Nitrogen oxide levels in patients after trauma and during sepsis.
Ochoa, J B, Udekwu, A O, Billiar, T R, Curran, R D, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L, ...
The mediators responsible for maintenance of the hyperdynamic state and the low systemic vascular resistance (SVR) observed in sepsis have not been elucidated. Nitric oxide (.N = O) is a mediator...
Respiratory insufficiency in combat casualties. 3. Arterial hypoxemia after wounding.
Simmons, R L, Heisterkamp, C A, Collins, J A, Genslar, S, Martin, A M
Respiratory insufficiency in combat casualties. IV. Hypoxemia during convalescence.
Simmons, R L, Heisterkamp, C A, Collins, J A, Bredenberg, C E, Mills, D E, Martin, A M
100 sibling kidney transplants followed 2 to 7 1/2 years: a multifactorial analysis.
Simmons, R L, Van Hook, E J, Yunis, E J, Noreen, H, Kjellstrand, C M, Condie, R M, ...
From January 1, 1968 to May 31, 1973, 100 patients received first kidney transplants from sibling donors. All recipients have been followed for at least two years and several as long as 7.5 years....
Pseudorejection: factors mimicking rejection in renal allograft recipients.
Matas, A J, Simmons, R L, Kjellstrand, C M, Najarian, J S
Serum creatinine level is used as a major measure of post-transplant renal function at most centers. A significant elevation of creatinine level suggests allograft rejection. However, other factors...
Clinical effect of allopurinol on preserved kidneys: a randomized double-blind study.
Toledo-Pereyra, L H, Simmons, R L, Olson, L C, Najarian, J S
We investigated the clinical posttransplant effect of allopurinol on preserved kidneys. Thirty-four paired kidneys from brain-dead cadavers were preserved by hypothermic pulsatile perfusion with...
Acute renal failure following blunt civilian trauma.
Matas, A J, Payne, W D, Simmons, R L, Buselmeier, T J, Kjellstrand, C M
Renal failure developed in 20 patients following blunt civilian trauma. Ten recovered normal renal function; 8 currently survive. Survivors and nonsurvivors did not differ in age, time from trauma to...
The acid-base status of seriously wounded combat casualties. I. Before treatment.
Collins, J A, Simmons, R L, James, P M, Bredenberg, C E, Anderson, R W, Heisterkamp, C A
Fungal infections in renal transplant recipients.
Howard, R J, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
Infection continues to be a major source of morbidity and the major source of mortality in renal transplant recipients who are susceptible to opportunistic infections. We recently reviewed all renal...
The relationship between transfusion and hypoxemia in combat casualties.
Collins, J A, James, P M, Bredenberg, C E, Anderson, R W, Heisterkamp, C A, Simmons, R L
The relationship between transfusion and subsequent hypoxemia was examined retrospectively in the records of combat casualties studied by the first three U.S. Army Surgical Research Teams in Vietnam....
100 HLA-identical sibling transplants. Prognostic factors other than histocompatibility.
Ascher, N L, Simmons, R L, Noreen, H, VanHook, J, Howard, R J, Sutherland, D E, ...
Analysis of 100 patients receiving HLA identical sibling transplants was performed. Excellent graft survival demonstrated in the group attests to the importance of matching serological determined...
Acid-base status of seriously wounded combat casualties. II. Resuscitation with stored blood.
Collins, J A, Simmons, R L, James, P M, Bredenberg, C E, Anderson, R W, Heisterkamp, C A
Pancreatico-duodenal allotransplantation: experimental and clinical experience.
Lillehei, R C, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S, Weil, R, Uchida, H, Ruiz, J O, ...
Prevention of urological complications after kidney transplantation.
Weil, R, Simmons, R L, Tallent, M B, Lillehei, R C, Kjellstrand, C M, Najarian, J S
Renal transplantation in infants and children.
Najarian, J S, Simmons, R L, Tallent, M B, Kiellstrand, C M, Buselmeier, T J, Vernier, R L, ...
Effect of T cell modulation on the translocation of bacteria from the gut and mesenteric lymph node.
Maddaus, M A, Wells, C L, Platt, J L, Condie, R M, Simmons, R L
Although the ability of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) to respond to orally ingested foreign antigens has been studied extensively, its function in preventing or limiting escape of...
Billiar, T R, Maddaus, M A, West, M A, Curran, R D, Wells, C A, Simmons, R L
A number of disease states and therapeutic maneuvers common to surgical patients can result in changes in the intestinal flora, permitting bacterial overgrowth and translocation of bacteria to gut...
Fistulisation of shunt vasculature: a unique approach to fistula development.
Buselmeier, T J, Rynasiewicz, J J, Howard, R H, Sutherland, D E, Davin, T D, Lynch, R L, ...
De Vera, M E, Shapiro, R A, Nussler, A K, Mudgett, J S, Simmons, R L, Morris, S M, ...
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is complex and is regulated in part by gene transcription. In this investigation we studied the regulation of NOS2 in a human liver epithelial...
Geller, D A, Nussler, A K, Di Silvio, M, Lowenstein, C J, Shapiro, R A, Wang, S C, ...
Nitric oxide (NO.) is a short-lived mediator which can be induced in a variety of cell types and produces many physiologic and metabolic changes in target cells. The inducible or high-output NO....
Molecular cloning and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase from human hepatocytes.
Geller, D A, Lowenstein, C J, Shapiro, R A, Nussler, A K, Di Silvio, M, Wang, S C, ...
Nitric oxide is a short-lived biologic mediator for diverse cell types. Synthesis of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in murine macrophages is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and...
Defensins Impair Phagocytic Killing by Neutrophils in Biomaterial-Related Infection
Kaplan, S. S., Heine, R. P., Simmons, R. L.
The implantation of foreign material carries a risk of infection which frequently is resistant to all treatment short of removing the implant. We have previously shown that these materials activate...
Effect of nitric oxide on staphylococcal killing and interactive effect with superoxide.
Kaplan, S S, Lancaster, J R, Basford, R E, Simmons, R L
The role of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) such as nitric oxide (.NO) in host defense against pyogenic microorganisms is unclear, and the actual interactive effect of RNI and reactive...
Kim, Y M, Hong, S J, Billiar, T R, Simmons, R L
Erythrocytes (RBC) in the peritoneal cavity significantly increase the lethality of bacterial peritonitis. The lethality is known to be associated with, and perhaps due to, increased bacterial counts...
Wells, C L, Jechorek, R P, Maddaus, M A, Simmons, R L
The intestinal colonization and translocation of enterococci was studied in mice treated intramuscularly with metronidazole or clindamycin, with or without oral streptomycin. Treatment with...
Evidence for the phagocytic transport of intestinal particles in dogs and rats.
Wells, C L, Maddaus, M A, Erlandsen, S L, Simmons, R L
Fluorescent latex beads of two different colors were implanted into separate intestinal segments in individual dogs and rats. Mesenteric lymph node phagocytes subsequently contained multiple beads of...
Wells, C L, Maddaus, M A, Reynolds, C M, Jechorek, R P, Simmons, R L
It is thought that the normal enteric microflora acts not only to prevent intestinal colonization but also to prevent subsequent systemic dissemination of ingested, potentially pathogenic bacteria....
Ability of intestinal Escherichia coli to survive within mesenteric lymph nodes.
Wells, C L, Maddaus, M A, Jechorek, R P, Simmons, R L
Identification of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) bacteria showed that indigenous streptomycin-sensitive Escherichia coli could be recovered from MLN at least 48 h after this organism had been...
West, M A, Keller, G A, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L
Hepatic dysfunction is a poorly understood and highly lethal component of multiple-system organ failure. Both in vivo and in vitro studies of "liver" function have generally neglected...
Effects of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis on peritoneal host defenses.
Dunn, D L, Barke, R A, Ewald, D C, Simmons, R L
Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis are common copathogens in clinical intra-abdominal sepsis, yet it is unclear how they interact synergistically in vivo. We sought to determine whether E....
Rotstein, O D, Pruett, T L, Fiegel, V D, Nelson, R D, Simmons, R L
Anaerobes, in particular Bacteroides spp., are the predominant bacteria present in mixed intra-abdominal infections, yet their critical importance in the pathogenicity of these infections is not...
Dunn, D L, Barke, R A, Knight, N B, Humphrey, E W, Simmons, R L
Microbial pathogens within the peritoneal cavity are thought to encounter three categories of host defense mechanisms: (i) removal mechanisms, which occur via diaphragmatic lymphatic absorption; (ii)...
Nelson, R D, McCormack, R T, Fiegel, V D, Herron, M, Simmons, R L, Quie, P G
Neutrophils preexposed to high concentrations of activated complement or synthetic N-formyl methionyl peptides are inhibited in their subsequent spontaneous and chemotactic migratory responses. We...
Chemiluminescence response of phagocytizing human monocytes.
Nelson, R D, Mills, E L, Simmons, R L, Quie, P G
Chemiluminescence (CL) occurs as a consequence of phagocytosis of bacteria or inert particles by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. This phenomenon appears to be related to the production of...
Chemotactic deactivation of human neutrophils: evidence for nonspecific and specific components.
Nelson, R D, McCormack, R T, Fiegel, V D, Simmons, R L
Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils have been preexposed to activated complement as zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) or to the chemotactic oligopeptide N-formyl methionylphenylalanine (F-Met-Phe)....
Nitric oxide production in host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host reactions in the rat.
Langrehr, J M, Murase, N, Markus, P M, Cai, X, Neuhaus, P, Schraut, W, ...
The present study was designed to determine whether .N = O produced in vivo during the rejection of histoincompatible tissues might permit serum NO2-/NO3- levels to serve as markers of a rejection...
Glutathione regulates nitric oxide synthase in cultured hepatocytes.
Harbrecht, B G, Di Silvio, M, Chough, V, Kim, Y M, Simmons, R L, Billiar, T R
OBJECTIVE: The authors determine the relationship between glutathione and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in cultured hepatocytes. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Glutathione is a cofactor for a number of...
Kalff, J C, Schraut, W H, Simmons, R L, Bauer, A J
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to ileus after abdominal surgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The common supposition is that more invasive operations are associated...
Monomeric inducible nitric oxide synthase localizes to peroxisomes in hepatocytes
Loughran, P. A., Stolz, D. B., Vodovotz, Y., Watkins, S. C., Simmons, R. L., Billiar, T. R.
Hepatocytes are capable of repeated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, which occurs under inflammatory and stress conditions. This iNOS expression regulates a number of cellular functions as...
Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits hepatocyte mitochondrial respiration.
Stadler, J, Bentz, B G, Harbrecht, B G, Di Silvio, M, Curran, R D, Billiar, T R, ...
Although direct cytotoxicity is a well-established phenomenon of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-induced tissue damage, the intracellular events leading to cell death are still poorly...
Hepatocyte injury by activated neutrophils in vitro is mediated by proteases.
Harbrecht, B G, Billiar, T R, Curran, R D, Stadler, J, Simmons, R L
OBJECTIVE: This study determined the mechanism used by neutrophils (PMNs) to induce hepatocellular injury. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Neutrophils have been shown to be potent mediators of cell and...
Macrophages produce nitric oxide at allograft sites.
Langrehr, J M, White, D A, Hoffman, R A, Simmons, R L
OBJECTIVE: The current study was designed to determine which cytokines produced during an alloimmune response stimulate macrophage nitric oxide (.N = O) production at allograft sites. SUMMARY...
Solomkin, J S, Meakins, J L, Allo, M D, Dellinger, E P, Simmons, R L
The introduction of several new antibiotics, including cephalosporins and ureido-penicillins, has been a stimulus for clinical trials with these agents for intra-abdominal infection. Despite marked...
Regulation of neutrophil migratory function in burn injury by complement activation products.
Solomkin, J S, Nelson, R D, Chenoweth, D E, Solem, L D, Simmons, R L
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were isolated from patients with burn injury and random mobility, chemotaxis in response to C5adesArg (as agarose-activated control serum) and to...
Keller, G A, West, M A, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L
The etiology of hepatic insufficiency associated with the multiple systems organ failure (MSOF) syndrome is unclear. The authors have investigated the possibility that a macrophage/Kupffer cell...
Najarian, J S, Fryd, D S, Strand, M, Canafax, D M, Ascher, N L, Payne, W D, ...
Between September 26, 1980 and December 31, 1983, 230 splenectomized, transfused renal allograft recipients were randomized to treatment with either cyclosporin-prednisone (N = 121, 68 diabetic and...
Keller, G A, West, M A, Wilkes, L A, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L
We have previously reported a diminution of protein synthesis by isolated Sprague-Dawley rat hepatocytes following coculture with lipopolysaccharide-triggered nonparenchymal liver cells (NPC)...
Keller, G A, West, M A, Harty, J T, Wilkes, L A, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L
The authors previously reported that unstimulated peritoneal macrophages and LPS stimulated Kupffer cell-rich nonparenchymal liver cells (NPC) can inhibit protein synthesis in cultured rat...
Intra-abdominal infections in pancreas transplant recipients.
Hesse, U J, Sutherland, D E, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
During a 7-year period, 116 pancreas transplants were performed in 98 diabetic patients (49 with and 49 without previous kidney transplants) at the University of Minnesota. The posttransplant...
Rotstein, O D, Pruett, T L, Simmons, R L
Fibrin deposition initiated by peritonitis is thought to be an important local defense mechanism because it sequesters and walls off bacterial spillage. However, fibrin has been shown to predispose...
The outcome of 304 primary renal transplants in children (1968-1985).
Najarian, J S, So, S K, Simmons, R L, Fryd, D S, Nevins, T E, Ascher, N L, ...
Of 304 children who received primary renal transplants at the University of Minnesota between January 1, 1968, and December 31, 1985, 48 (16%) were under the age of 24 months, 60 (20%) were 2-5 years...
Factors determining successful liver preservation for transplantation.
Toledo-Pereyra, L H, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
Auxiliary liver allotransplants will survive for relatively long periods of time after 24 hour hypothermic (10-12C), pulsatile perfusion. The best perfusate was a silica gel fraction of dog plasma...
Acute renal insufficiency complicating major cardiovascular surgery.
Casali, R, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S, Von Haritizsch, B, Buselmeier, T J, Kjellstrand, C M
Thirty-one patients underwent hemodialysis for renal failure as a complication of major cardiovascular surgery at the University of Minnesota (1968-1973). Only eight patients (26%) survived. A review...
Wound infections in renal transplant wounds: pathogenetic and prognostic factors.
Kyriakides, G K, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
The factors contributing to transplant wound infection, as well as those determining its outcome, have been reviewed in 27 transplant patients with wound infection. Unrelated cadaver kidneys,...
Seven years' experience with antilymphoblast globulin for renal transplantation from cadaver donors.
Najarian, J S, Simmons, R L, Condie, R M, Thompson, E J, Fryd, D S, Howard, R J, ...
Antibody of the IgGab type can be isolated from horses immunized with cultured human lymphoblasts plus complete Freund's adjuvant. The essential steps for the production of a safe, potent anti-human...
Factors related to success or failure of second renal transplants.
Casali, R, Simmons, R L, Ferguson, R M, Mauer, M M, Kjellstrand, C M, Buselmeier, T J, ...
From January 1, 1968 to December 31, 1973, 50 patients received two or more kidney transplants. Patient and graft survival was highly dependent upon the source of the donor and to a lesser extent the...
Prevention of lymphoceles following renal transplantation.
Howard, R J, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
Lymphoceles occur follow 1.2 to 18.1% of renal transplants. Of 543 kidney transplants performed at the University of Minnesota, lymphoceles occured in three (an incidence of 0.6%). These three...
Ten Year Experience With Renal Transplantation in Juvenile Onset Diabetics
Najarian, J. S., Sutherland, D. E. R., Simmons, R. L., Howard, R. J., Kjellstrand, C. M., Ramsay, R. C., ...
Between 1968 and 1978, 305 juvenile onset diabetic patients with uremia and 462 nondiabetic uremic patients of similar age received primary renal allografts at the University of Minnesota. Two...
Chemotactic substances in the treatment of experimental intraperitoneal infections.
Since peritonitis remains a serious clinical problem, we have evaluated the prophylactic efficacy of intraperitoneally administered chemotactic substances in murine intraperitoneal infections. The...
Neutrophils dysfunction during the course of intra-abdominal infection.
Solomkin, J S, Bauman, M P, Nelson, R D, Simmons, R L
Twenty-four patients with intra-peritoneal infections were studied sequentially to evaluate neutrophil chemotaxis, spontaneous migration, and chemiluminescence. In six patients, infection was due to...
Candida infections in surgical patients. Dose requirements and toxicity of amphotericin B.
Solomkin, J S, Flohr, A, Simmons, R L
The natural history of candidiasis in general surgical patients has been poorly documented, and the toxicity of amphotericin B is widely heralded. For these reasons therapy for candidiasis is...
Tofte, R W, Canafax, D M, Simmons, R L, Peterson, P K
Serum amikacin concentrations were compared in infected renal transplant recipients that were compared in infected renal transplant recipients that were dosed using a creatinine-based nomogram (group...
Long-term success with double pediatric cadaver donor renal transplants.
Schneider, J R, Sutherland, D E, Simmons, R L, Fryd, D S, Najarian, J S
Many institutions are reluctant to use pediatric cadaver kidneys for transplantation because of a fear of an increased risk of technical complications or because these grafts leave the recipient with...
Matas, A J, Sibley, R, Mauer, M, Sutherland, D E, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
Following renal transplantation, immunosuppression is usually increased to treat presumed rejection episodes. However, a) many conditions mimic rejection in the post-transplant period, and b) many...
Weiland, D, Ferguson, R M, Peterson, P K, Snover, D C, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
In immunocompromised renal transplant patients, aspergillosis can be a life-threatening opportunistic infection. During an 8-year period, 25 renal transplant recipients at the University of Minnesota...
Gastrointestinal complications of congenital immunodeficiency states. The surgeon's role.
Mulholland, M W, Delaney, J P, Foker, J E, Leonard, A S, Simmons, R L
Ninety-one congenitally immunodeficient patients treated from 1972 to 1981 were reviewed to assess the incidence and nature of gastrointestinal complications. Thirty-three of these patients (36%)...
Dunn, D L, Barke, R A, Ahrenholz, D H, Humphrey, E W, Simmons, R L
At laparotomy, many surgeons routinely instill crystalloid solutions into the peritoneal cavity, presumably to dilute out necrotic debris, bacteria, and adjuvant substances which foster bacterial...
Hanto, D W, Gajl-Peczalska, K J, Frizzera, G, Arthur, D C, Balfour, H H, McClain, K, ...
Nineteen renal allograft recipients developed B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. Clinically there were two groups: a) young patients (mean age, 23 years) who presented soon (mean, 9 months) after...
Renal transplantation for diabetic glomerulosclerosis.
Najarian, J S, Kjellstrand, C M, Simmons, R L, Buselmeier, T J, Von Hartitzsch, B, Goetz, F C
Pathogenesis of "transplant lung". I. Interstitial pulmonary edema.
Uranga, V M, Simmons, R L, Kjellstrand, C M, Buselmeier, T J, Najarian, J S
Curran, R D, Billiar, T R, Stuehr, D J, Ochoa, J B, Harbrecht, B G, Flint, S G, ...
The etiology and mechanisms by which severe trauma or sepsis induce hepatic failure are unknown. Previously we showed that Kupffer cells (KC), the fixed macrophages of the liver, induce a profound...
Nitrogen oxide levels in patients after trauma and during sepsis.
Ochoa, J B, Udekwu, A O, Billiar, T R, Curran, R D, Cerra, F B, Simmons, R L, ...
The mediators responsible for maintenance of the hyperdynamic state and the low systemic vascular resistance (SVR) observed in sepsis have not been elucidated. Nitric oxide (.N = O) is a mediator...
Respiratory insufficiency in combat casualties. 3. Arterial hypoxemia after wounding.
Simmons, R L, Heisterkamp, C A, Collins, J A, Genslar, S, Martin, A M
Respiratory insufficiency in combat casualties. IV. Hypoxemia during convalescence.
Simmons, R L, Heisterkamp, C A, Collins, J A, Bredenberg, C E, Mills, D E, Martin, A M
100 sibling kidney transplants followed 2 to 7 1/2 years: a multifactorial analysis.
Simmons, R L, Van Hook, E J, Yunis, E J, Noreen, H, Kjellstrand, C M, Condie, R M, ...
From January 1, 1968 to May 31, 1973, 100 patients received first kidney transplants from sibling donors. All recipients have been followed for at least two years and several as long as 7.5 years....
Pseudorejection: factors mimicking rejection in renal allograft recipients.
Matas, A J, Simmons, R L, Kjellstrand, C M, Najarian, J S
Serum creatinine level is used as a major measure of post-transplant renal function at most centers. A significant elevation of creatinine level suggests allograft rejection. However, other factors...
Clinical effect of allopurinol on preserved kidneys: a randomized double-blind study.
Toledo-Pereyra, L H, Simmons, R L, Olson, L C, Najarian, J S
We investigated the clinical posttransplant effect of allopurinol on preserved kidneys. Thirty-four paired kidneys from brain-dead cadavers were preserved by hypothermic pulsatile perfusion with...
Acute renal failure following blunt civilian trauma.
Matas, A J, Payne, W D, Simmons, R L, Buselmeier, T J, Kjellstrand, C M
Renal failure developed in 20 patients following blunt civilian trauma. Ten recovered normal renal function; 8 currently survive. Survivors and nonsurvivors did not differ in age, time from trauma to...
The acid-base status of seriously wounded combat casualties. I. Before treatment.
Collins, J A, Simmons, R L, James, P M, Bredenberg, C E, Anderson, R W, Heisterkamp, C A
Fungal infections in renal transplant recipients.
Howard, R J, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S
Infection continues to be a major source of morbidity and the major source of mortality in renal transplant recipients who are susceptible to opportunistic infections. We recently reviewed all renal...
The relationship between transfusion and hypoxemia in combat casualties.
Collins, J A, James, P M, Bredenberg, C E, Anderson, R W, Heisterkamp, C A, Simmons, R L
The relationship between transfusion and subsequent hypoxemia was examined retrospectively in the records of combat casualties studied by the first three U.S. Army Surgical Research Teams in Vietnam....
100 HLA-identical sibling transplants. Prognostic factors other than histocompatibility.
Ascher, N L, Simmons, R L, Noreen, H, VanHook, J, Howard, R J, Sutherland, D E, ...
Analysis of 100 patients receiving HLA identical sibling transplants was performed. Excellent graft survival demonstrated in the group attests to the importance of matching serological determined...
Acid-base status of seriously wounded combat casualties. II. Resuscitation with stored blood.
Collins, J A, Simmons, R L, James, P M, Bredenberg, C E, Anderson, R W, Heisterkamp, C A
Pancreatico-duodenal allotransplantation: experimental and clinical experience.
Lillehei, R C, Simmons, R L, Najarian, J S, Weil, R, Uchida, H, Ruiz, J O, ...
Prevention of urological complications after kidney transplantation.
Weil, R, Simmons, R L, Tallent, M B, Lillehei, R C, Kjellstrand, C M, Najarian, J S
Renal transplantation in infants and children.
Najarian, J S, Simmons, R L, Tallent, M B, Kiellstrand, C M, Buselmeier, T J, Vernier, R L, ...
Effect of T cell modulation on the translocation of bacteria from the gut and mesenteric lymph node.
Maddaus, M A, Wells, C L, Platt, J L, Condie, R M, Simmons, R L
Although the ability of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) to respond to orally ingested foreign antigens has been studied extensively, its function in preventing or limiting escape of...
Billiar, T R, Maddaus, M A, West, M A, Curran, R D, Wells, C A, Simmons, R L
A number of disease states and therapeutic maneuvers common to surgical patients can result in changes in the intestinal flora, permitting bacterial overgrowth and translocation of bacteria to gut...
Fistulisation of shunt vasculature: a unique approach to fistula development.
Buselmeier, T J, Rynasiewicz, J J, Howard, R H, Sutherland, D E, Davin, T D, Lynch, R L, ...
Ray, P. K., Gewurz, H., Simmons, R. L.
Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) renders mouse lymphoid cells highly susceptible to the cytolytic effects of alloantibody and complement (C). This increased susceptibility to lysis is not due to...
Lopez, C., Simmons, R. L., Park, B. H., Najarian, J. S., Good, R. A.
Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were determined in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. A micro-phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation test utilizing whole heparinized blood and a...
C3H/HeJ mouse lymphoid cells were exposed to Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN), Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase (CPN), and influenza virus neuraminidase (IVN). Exposure of mouse lymphoid...
Effect of neuraminidase on the stimulatory capacity of cells in human mixed lymphocyte cultures
Treatment of the stimulatory cells in human one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (VCN) caused a marked increase in their stimulatory capacity as measured by an...
Tzeng, E., Shears, L. L., Robbins, P. D., Pitt, B. R., Geller, D. A., Watkins, S. C., ...
BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to decrease myointimal hyperplasia in injured blood vessels. We hypothesize inducible No synthase (iNOS) gene transfer even at low efficiency will provide...
CNS aspergillosis in organ transplantation: a clinicopathological study.
Torre-Cisneros, J, Lopez, O L, Kusne, S, Martinez, A J, Starzl, T E, Simmons, R L, ...
The clinical characteristics and neuropathological findings of 22 organ transplant recipients with CNS aspergillosis were reviewed. Thirteen patients had liver, six kidney, two heart and one had...
Simmons, R. L., Owen, S., Abbott, C. J., Bouchier-Hayes, T. A., Hunt, H. A.
This paper follows up a previous paper reported in this journal. This study was a single-blind parallel comparison of naproxen sodium ("Synflex") and a paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene combination...