Nonlinear Ultrasonic Characterization of Oxygen Impurities in Titanium, (9999)
Ringermacher,H. I., Williams,R. S.
Titanium specimens containing oxygen impurities ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight have been examined using nonlinear ultrasonic techniques. Second harmonic amplitude deviation from the...
Direct-writing of three-dimensional structures using laser-based processes (2007)
Stuke, M., Mueller, K., Mueller, T., Williams, K., Oliver, R., Ohlberg, D. A. A., ...
Direct-writing of three-dimensional structures using laser-based processes (2007)
Stuke, M., Mueller, K., Mueller, T., Williams, K., Oliver, R., Ohlberg, D.A.A., ...
Three-dimensional structures of selected materials can be written directly to the precise locations required using laser exposure of suitable gaseous precursor mixtures. Writing speeds exceeding 50...
Optical Metamaterials at Near and Mid IR Range Fabricated by Nanoimprint Lithography (2006)
Wu, W., Kim, E., Ponizovskaya, E., Liu, Y., Yu, Z., Fang, N., ...
Two types of optical metamaterials operating at near-IR and mid-IR frequencies, respectively, have been designed, fabricated by nanoimprint lithography (NIL), and characterized by laser spectroscopic...
Bistable molecular conductors with a field-switchable dipole group (2002)
Kornilovitch, P. E., Bratkovsky, A. M., Williams, R. S.
A class of bistable "stator-rotor" molecules is proposed, where a stationary bridge (stator) connects the two electrodes and facilitates electron transport between them. The rotor part, which has a...
Current rectification by molecules with asymmetric tunneling barriers (2002)
Kornilovitch, P. E., Bratkovsky, A. M., Williams, R. S.
A simple experimentally accessible realization of current rectification by molecules (molecular films) bridging metal electrodes is described. It is based on the spatial asymmetry of the molecule and...
Bi-stable tunneling current through a molecular quantum dot (2002)
Alexandrov, A. S., Bratkovsky, A. M., Williams, R. S.
An exact solution is presented for tunneling through a negative-U d-fold degenerate molecular quantum dot weakly coupled to electrical leads. The tunnel current exhibits hysteresis if the level...
Bi-stable tunneling current through a molecular quantum dot (2002)
Alexandrov, A.S., Bratkovsky, A.M., Williams, R.S.
This is a pre-print. It is available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0204387.
Williams,R. S., Reifsnider,K. L.
A variety of experimental and analytical methods have been used in attempting to characterize the fatigue damage processes in fiber reinforced composite materials. There has, however, been a distinct...
Williams,R. S., Reifsnider,K. L., Stinchcomb,W. W., Turgay,H. T.
The results of strain-controlled axial fatigue tests on boron/epoxy fiber reinforced composite materials are presented in the first of a series of reports detailing such results for a large number of...
Williams,R. S., Reifsnider,K. L., Stinchcomb,W. W., Turgay,H. N.
The results of strain-controlled axial fatigue tests on boron/aluminum fiber reinforced composite materials are presented in the second of a series of reports detailing such results for a large...
Acoustic Emission Monitoring of TIG Welding. (2002)
Williams,R. S., Zur Lippe,C. F.
Roll and weld fabrication methods have been applied to rocket motor cases to reduce material and manufacturing costs. The one drawback of this manufacturing method is that there is a higher...
Lince,J. R., Williams,R. S., Chaikin,P. M.
Transport properties of very thin (2.5 monolayer) films of Ag epitaxially grown on clean Ge(001) substrates are reported. The films consists of a monolayer coverage plus isolated three-dimensional...
Nonlinear Ultrasonic Characterization of Oxygen Impurities in Titanium, II. (2002)
Ringermacher,H. I., Williams,R. S.
Titanium specimens containing oxygen impurities ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 percent by weight have been examined using nonlinear ultrasonic techniques. The amplitude of the second harmonic ultrasonic...
Angle-Resolved Photoemission Study of AuGa2 and AuIn2 Intermetallic Compounds. (2002)
Nelson,J. G., Gignac,W. J., Kim,S., Lince,J. R., Williams,R. S.
The (001) surfaces of AuGa2 and AuIn2 intermetallic compounds were studied using synchrotron radiation excited angle-resolved photoemission. Spectra collected for photoelectron emission normal to the...
The Valence- and Conduction-Band Structure of the Sapphire (1102) Surface. (2002)
Gignac,W. J., Williams,R. S., Kowalczyk,S. P.
X-ray photoelectron and electron energy loss spectroscopies have been employed to investigate the valence- and conduction-band densities-of-states of the sapphire (1102) surface. The photoemission...
Kim,S., Nelson,J. G., Williams,R. S.
A mixed basis band structure interpolation scheme for fcc d-band metals has been extended to include fluorite structure (C2F2) compounds by incorporating more plane waves in the basis set. Since the...
A new type of metal/semiconductor junction has been developed. Crystalline thin films of the intermetallic compound AuGa2 have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaSb(001) substrates with the...
Jaminet,J. F., Hawman,M. W., Williams,R. S.
A method for increasing survivability is described whereby the acoustic emissions generated by ballistic impacts on composite helicopter structural components are recorded and analyzed using a...
This investigation was motivated in part by the observation that the empirical pseudopotential calculations of the TiC electronic structure produced valence electron densities that disagree severely...
Solid-Phase Equilibria in the Au-As, Au-Ga-Sb, Au-In-As, and Au-In-Sb Ternaries. (2002)
The Au-Ga-As, Au-Ga-Sb, Au-In-As, and Au-In-Sb ternaries were surveyed using X-ray powder diffraction to determine which metallic phases exist at equilibrium with the III-V compound semiconductors....
Thermodynamically Stable Metal/III-V Compound-Semiconductor Interfaces. (2002)
Williams,R. S., Lince,Jeffrey R., Tsai,C. T., Pugh,John H.
Chemical reactions that occur at a metal/III-V compound-semiconductor interface should be minimized if the change in Gibbs free energy of the bulk materials with respect to any possible reaction...
A mixed-basis band structure interpolation scheme has been applied to the rocksalt compounds TiC, TiN and TiO by fitting to first-principles calculations. For TiC and TiN, semi-empirical band...
Chemical Reactions at the Au/InP Interface. (2002)
Chemical reactions at the Au/InP interface were investigated in the temperature range 25 510C by x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The samples...
Thermally stable, oxidation resistant capping technology for Ti/Al ohmic contacts to n-GaN (2002)
Pelto, C.M., Chang, Y.A., Yong Chen, Williams, R.S.
This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying...
Laparoscopic reoperation following failed antireflux surgery (1999)
Watson, D. I., Jamieson, G. G., Game, P. A., Williams, R. S., Devitt, P. G.
Laparoscopic reoperation following failed antireflux surgery (1999)
Watson, D. I., Jamieson, G. G., Game, P. A., Williams, R. S., Devitt, P. G.
Nonlinear Ultrasonic Characterization of Oxygen Impurities in Titanium. (1998)
Ringermacher,H. J., Williams,R. S.
Titanium specimens containing oxygen ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 percent by weight have been examined using nonlinear ultrasonic techniques. The amplitude of the second harmonic ultrasonic response has...
Semiempirical Band Structure of PtGa2. (1998)
Kim,Sehum, Hsu,Li-Shing, Williams,R. S.
A semi-empirical band structure for PtGa2 was obtained by adjusting the AuGa2 parameters in the Mixed-Basis Band Structure Interpolation Scheme (MBBSIS) to obtain agreement between the calculated...
Chemical Reactions at the in vacuo Au/InP Interface. (1998)
Williams,R. S., Tsai,C. T., Cirlin,Eun-Hee
The reaction between a gold film and an indium phosphide substrate occurs much more readily in vacuo than under an atmosphere pressure of an inert gas. At high pressures, the compounds Au2P3 and the...
Huang, Judy H., Williams, R. S.
The Au-induced Si(111) reconstructions were examined using LEED adn ICISS. The gold atoms in all three structures are bonded in threefold hollow sites 2.0 + or - 0.2A above a bulk-like silicon (111)...
Growth and Luminescence Spectroscopy of A CuCl Quantum Well Structure. (1998)
Williams, R. S., Shuh, D. K., Segawa, Y.
A structure of the type CaFa2/CuC1/CaF2, in which the confined layer is 150A thick, has been grown on a Si(111) surface by molecular beam epitaxy in ultra high vacuum. The optical properties of the...
Interfacial Chemical Reactions of Au with III-V Compound Semiconductors. (1998)
Tsai, C. T., Pugh, J. H., Williams, R. S.
In order to understand the chemistry at the interface between two solids, one must first know the thermodynamic stability of the bulk materials with respect to each other. When the system involves...
Solid Phase Equilibria in the Pi-Ga-As and Pt-Ga-Sb Systems. (1998)
Approximate Pt-Ga-As and Pt-Ga-Sb ternary phase diagrams were determined at room temperature with the use of x-ray powder diffraction data. Pt was found to react chemically with both GaAs and GaSb to...
Ternary Solid Phase Equilibria in the Systems (Ag,In,Au)-(Cd,He)-Te. (1998)
Shuh, David K., Williams, R. S.
The ternary phase diagrams of the silver cadmium tellurides, indium cadmium tellurides, gold cadmium tellurides, silver mercury tellurides, indium mercury tellurides, and gold mercury tellurides...
Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility, Thermoelectric Power Heat Capacity of PtGa2. (1998)
Hsu, L., Zhou, L. W., Machado, F. L., Williams, R. S.
The electrical resistivity (p), magnetic susceptibility (chi), thermoelectric power (S), and specific heat (Cp) of PtGa2 were measured as a function of temperature (T). The metallic behavior of this...
Chemical Compatibility of High-Tc Superconductors with Other Materials. (1998)
Williams, R. S., Chaudhury, S.
In any application, the new oxide superconductors will have to coexist in intimate contact with other materials. However, the copper oxygen bonds common to all presently known oxide superconductors...
Valence-Band and Core-Level Photoemission Satellites in NiGa. (1998)
Hsu, L., Williams, R. S., Outka, D.
Photoemission studies of the valence-band and core-level satellites of NiGa are presented. The valence-band satellite is resonantly enhanced near the 3p threshold (h nu = 67eV), and its centroid...
Initial Stages of Metal/Semiconductor Interface Formation: Au and AgON Si(111). (1998)
Williams, R. S., Daley, Richard S., Huang, Judy H., Charatan, Robert M.
We have studied the atomic structures formed by monolayer coverages of Au and Ag on the Si(111) surface using primarily the technique of Impact-Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (ICISS). For the...
Hsu, Lishing, Alavi, Barakat, Shuh, David K., Williams, R. S.
Polycrystalline Sodium Gallium and Ni-In intermetallic compounds of various stoichiometric compositions have been examined by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The observed valence-band spectra for...
Kim, Young K., Shuh, David K., Williams, R. S., Sadwick, Larry P., Wang, Kang L.
Epitaxial thin films of three different Platinum Gallium intermetallic compounds have been grown Gallium Arsenide by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The resultant films have been annealed at various...
Lineshape and Lifetime Studies of Exciton Luminescence from Confined CuCl Thin Films. (1998)
Shuh, David K., Williams, R. S., Segawa, Yusaburo, Kusano, Jun-ichi, Aoyagi, Yoshinobu
Photoluminescence studies have been performed on structures, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, with thin films of Copper Chloride (30-1200A) confined between layers of Calcium Fluoride. Excitons were...
Williams, R. S., Farrelly, David, Eklund, Elliott A., Snyder, Eric J.
The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is usually assumed to provide a non-intrusive probe of the surface structure of materials. Experimental and theoretical studies of the (0001) surface of...
Thermodynamically Stable Conducting Films of Intermetallic PtGa2 on Gallium Arsenide. (1998)
Sadwick, Larry P., Wang, Kang L., Shuh, David K., Kim, Young K., Williams, R. S.
The first epitaxial platinum gallium two (PtGa2) films have been grown on gallium arsenide (GaAs)(100) by co-evaporation of the elements under ultra-high vacuum conditions. An electron-beam...
Effects of Tip-Broadening and Asymmetry on Scanning Tunneling Microscope Topographs. (1998)
Snyder, E. J., Eklund, E. A., Williams, R. S.
Investigated are broadening and skewing of scanning tunneling microscope topographs caused by tip size and symmetry. Model images were generated numerically by convoluting a gaussian response...
Growth and Reactivity of CuCl on Si(111). (1998)
Shuh, David K., Charatan, Robert M., Daley, Richard S., Williams, R. S.
Films of cuprous chloride (CuCl), a zinc-blende semiconductor lattice-matched to Si, were deposited by molecular beam epitaxy onto a room-temperature Si(111)-7x7 substrate and studied with...
Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility and Thermoelectric Power of PtGa2. (1998)
Hsu, Li-Shing, Zhou, Lu-Wei, Machado, F. L., Clark, W. G., Williams, R. S.
The electrical resistivity (p), magnetic susceptibility (X) and thermoelectric power (S) of PtGa2 were measured as a function of temperature (T). This compound is metallic at high temperatures, as...
Electronic Study of Pt-Ga Intermetallic Compounds Using X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy. (1998)
Kim, Young K., Shuh, David K., Williams, R. S., Sadwick, Larry P., Wang, Kang L.
Single-phase films of Pt-Ga intermetallic compounds with different stoichiometric compositions were grown using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and investigated with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy...
Eklund, Elliott A., Williams, R. S., Snyder, Eric J.
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been used to investigate graphite surfaces roughened by 5 ke V Ar+ion bombardment. The (0001) surfaces of several samples were etched with the same total...
Solid-Phase Equilibria for Metal-Silicon-Oxygen Ternary Systems I: Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba. (1998)
Ternary phase diagrams for systems of the type M-Si-O, where M = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, have been derived. These phase diagrams can be used to understand experimental results reported in the literature...
Ballance, Joan B., Kawabe, Mitsuo, Sands, Timothy D., Weber, Eicke R., Williams, R. S.
The intention of the editors was to bring together an interdisciplinary and international group of researchers working on various aspects of semiconductor heterostructures so that we could all learn...
Solid-Phase Equilibria for Metal-Silicon-Oxygen Ternary Systems. II. Sc, Y, and La. (1998)
We have derived ternary phase diagrams of the type M-Si-O, where M=Sc, Y and La under the conditions of 298K and 1 atm oxygen partial pressure. These phase diagrams provide a direct view of the...
Submicron-Scale Surface Roughening Induced by Ion Bombardment. (1998)
Eklund, Elliott A., Bruinsma, R., Rudnick, J., Williams, R. S.
X-Ray Diffraction and Electron Spectroscopy of Epitaxial Molecular C sub 60 Films. (1998)
Tong, William M., Ohlberg, Douglas A., You, Hong K., Williams, R. S., Anz, Samir J.
Films of the new carbon allotrope, molecular C60, also known as Buckminsterfullerence, have been grown on Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The films have been characterized with x-ray...
Luminescence and Absorption Spectra of C sub 60 Films. (1998)
Reber, Christian, Yee, Lawrence, McKiernan, John, Zink, Jeffrey I., Williams, R. S.
Solid films of C60 deposited on CaF2 under ultra-high vacuum show luminescence in the 700-1100nm spectral range at 20K. A 1400 cm-1 progression in the ag soccerball inflation mode is observed. The...
Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs Superlattices. (1998)
Wang, Kang L., Williams, R. S.
Contents: Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs superlattices, Electrical Resistivity, Magnetic Susceptibility and Thermoelectric Power of PtGa(2), Electronic structure study...
Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs Superlattices. (1998)
Wang, Kang L., Williams, R. S.
The objective of this research program is to investigate the metal systems that are thermodynamically stable on Gallium arsenide. Moreover, for novel device applications, the metal films should be...
AFM Study of Film Growth Kinetics in Heteroepitaxy. (1998)
Tong, W. M., Snyder, E. J., Williams, R. S., Yanase, A., Segawa, Y.
The growth of CuCl/CaF2 heterostructures has been studied with an atomic force microscope (AFM). We have grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) CuCl thin films at various substrate temperatures and...
Eklund, E. A., Snyder, E. J., Williams, R. S.
The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) was used to quantitatively examine the surface morphology of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces bombarded with 5 key Ar+ ions. Constant current...
Evidence for the Dependence of the Sputter Yield of Graphite on Ion Bombardment Fluence. (1998)
Snyder, E. J., Baugh, D. A., Williams, R. S., Eklund, E. A., Anderson, M. S.
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM) were both used to study the evolution of the morphology of graphite (0001) surfaces etched with 5 keV Ar+ ions as a...
Morphologies of Solid Surfaces Produced Far from Equilibrium. (1998)
Williams, R. S., Bruinsma, R., Rudnick, J.
We present the first quantitative experimental study of the morphology of amorphous solid surfaces formed by non-equilibrium processes and compare the results with theories developed to explain the...
Roco, M. C., Williams, R. S., Alivisatos, P.
Nanotechnology is the creation and utilization of materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale, that is, at the level of atoms, molecules, and...
Williams, R. S., Reifsnider, K. L., Stinchcomb, W. W., Turgay, H. T.
The results of strain-controlled axial fatigue tests on boron-epoxy fiber reinforced composite materials are presented in this first of a series of reports detailing such results for a large number...
Epitaxial Growth and Electro-Optical Properties of Metal GaAs Superlattices. (1997)
Wang, Kang L., Williams, R. S.
Under the SDIO/IST support (grant N00014-90-J-1761), we have made progress in the investigation of the metal systems that are thermodynamically stable on GaAs. Successful growth of the single phase...
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication; results of 190 procedures. (Abstract) (1995)
Watson, D. I., Jamieson, G. G., Devitt, P. G., Britten-Jones, R., Game, P. A., Williams, R. S.
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication; results of 190 procedures. (Abstract) (1995)
Watson, D. I., Jamieson, G. G., Devitt, P. G., Britten-Jones, R., Game, P. A., Williams, R. S.
Cardioprotective effects of 70-kDa heat shock protein in transgenic mice.
Radford, N B, Fina, M, Benjamin, I J, Moreadith, R W, Graves, K H, Zhao, P, ...
Heat shock proteins are proposed to limit injury resulting from diverse environmental stresses, but direct metabolic evidence for such a cytoprotective function in vertebrates has been largely...
Parsons, W J, Richardson, J A, Graves, K H, Williams, R S, Moreadith, R W
Prior studies using transient transfection assays in cultured avian and murine skeletal myotubes indicate that the proximal 2-kb segment of the 5' flanking region of the human myoglobin gene contains...
Introduction of foreign genes into tissues of living mice by DNA-coated microprojectiles.
Williams, R S, Johnston, S A, Riedy, M, DeVit, M J, McElligott, S G, Sanford, J C
Foreign genes were expressed in liver and skin cells of live mice by using a new apparatus to accelerate DNA-coated microprojectiles into tissues. After introduction of a plasmid in which the firefly...
Activation of the heat shock transcription factor by hypoxia in mammalian cells.
Benjamin, I J, Kröger, B, Williams, R S
Members of the stress protein family such as HSP70 are induced in ischemic tissues and may contribute to the ability of cells to survive episodes of transient circulatory insufficiency. However, the...
Dual roles of modulatory calcineurin-interacting protein 1 in cardiac hypertrophy
Vega, Rick B., Rothermel, Beverly A., Weinheimer, Carla J., Kovacs, Atilla, Naseem, R. H., Bassel-Duby, Rhonda, ...
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin stimulates cardiac hypertrophy in response to numerous stimuli. Calcineurin activity is suppressed by association with modulatory...