Rachel Schneerson

Protein conjugates of synthetic saccharides elicit higher levels of serum IgG lipopolysaccharide antibodies in mice than do those of the O-specific polysaccharide from Shigella dysenteriae type 1

Pozsgay, Vince, Chu, Chiayung, Pannell, Lewis, Wolfe, Jennifer, Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel

Our development of vaccines to prevent shigellosis is based on the hypothesis that a critical (protective) level of serum IgG to the O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) domain of Shigella...

Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibody Responses to Bordetella pertussis Lipooligosaccharide and B. parapertussis Lipopolysaccharide in Children with Pertussis and Parapertussis

Trollfors, Birger, Lagergård, Teresa, Taranger, John, Bergfors, Elisabet, Schneerson, Rachel, Robbins, John B.

Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Bordetella pertussis and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Bordetella parapertussis were measured by enzyme-linked...

Treatment with Succinic Anhydride Improves the Immunogenicity of Shigella flexneri Type 2a O-Specific Polysaccharide–Protein Conjugates in Mice

Pavliakova, Danka, Chu, Chiayung, Bystricky, Slavomir, Tolson, Nathaniel W., Shiloach, Joseph, Kaufman, Jeanne B., ...

Seroepidemiological data and a clinical trial with a Shigella sonnei O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP)–Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A (rEPA) conjugate provide evidence that a...

Safety and Immunogenicity of Vi Conjugate Vaccines for Typhoid Fever in Adults, Teenagers, and 2- to 4-Year-Old Children in Vietnam

Kossaczka, Zuzana, Lin, Feng-Ying C., Ho, Vô Anh, Thuy, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Bay, Phan Van, Thanh, Tran Cong, ...

The capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi, Vi, is an essential virulence factor and a protective vaccine for people older than 5 years. The safety and immunogenicity of two investigational Vi...

Clostridium difficile Recombinant Toxin A Repeating Units as a Carrier Protein for Conjugate Vaccines: Studies of Pneumococcal Type 14, Escherichia coli K1, and Shigella flexneri Type 2a Polysaccharides in Mice

Pavliakova, Danka, Moncrief, J. Scott, Lyerly, David M., Schiffman, Gerald, Bryla, Dolores A., Robbins, John B., ...

Unlike the native protein, a nontoxic peptide (repeating unit of the native toxin designated rARU) from Clostridium difficile toxin A (CDTA) afforded an antigen that could be bound covalently to the...

Safety and Immunogenicity of Improved Shigella O-Specific Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate Vaccines in Adults in Israel

Passwell, Justen H., Harlev, Efrat, Ashkenazi, Shai, Chu, Chiayung, Miron, Dan, Ramon, Reut, ...

Data suggest that the O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) domain of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Shigella species is both an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen and that a critical...

Expression of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Arabinomannan Antigen In Vitro and In Vivo

Schwebach, J. Reid, Casadevall, Arturo, Schneerson, Rachel, Dai, Zhongdong, Wang, Xiaojuan, Robbins, John B., ...

The outermost layer of Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains two major polysaccharides, arabinomannan (AM) and glucan (GC). We studied the in vitro and in vivo expression of an M. tuberculosis AM...

Isotypes and Opsonophagocytosis of Pneumococcus Type 6B Antibodies Elicited in Infants and Adults by an Experimental Pneumococcus Type 6B-Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine

Vidarsson, Gestur, Sigurdardottir, Sigurveig T., Gudnason, Thorolfur, Kjartansson, Sveinn, Kristinsson, Karl G., Ingolfsdottir, Gunnhildur, ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogen of infants, children, and the elderly. Polysaccharide vaccines have been useful in adult populations but do not elicit protective immunity in...

Glucan Is a Component of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Surface That Is Expressed In Vitro and In Vivo

Schwebach, J. Reid, Glatman-Freedman, Aharona, Gunther-Cummins, Leslie, Dai, Zhongdong, Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel, ...

The outermost layer of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is composed primarily of two polysaccharides, glucan (GC) and arabinomannan. To analyze the surface polysaccharide composition of M. tuberculosis, we...

Specificity and Diversity of Antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Arabinomannan

Navoa, Josephine Anne D., Laal, Suman, Pirofski, Liise-Anne, McLean, Gary R., Dai, Zhongdong, Robbins, John B., ...

Arabinomannan (AM) is a polysaccharide antigen of the mycobacterial capsule. However, it is uncertain whether AM constitutes an immunologically distinct fraction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In...

A newly discovered cholesteryl galactoside from Borrelia burgdorferi

Ben-Menachem, Gil, Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Coxon, Bruce, Yergey, Alfred, Schneerson, Rachel

Two major glycolipids, which comprise ≈36% of the total lipid mass from Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, were investigated. We determined the fatty acid type, sugar...

Poly(γ-d-glutamic acid) protein conjugates induce IgG antibodies in mice to the capsule of Bacillus anthracis: A potential addition to the anthrax vaccine

Schneerson, Rachel, Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Liu, Teh-Yung, Dai, Zhong-Dong, Leppla, Stephen H., Yergey, Alfred, ...

Both the protective antigen (PA) and the poly(γ-d-glutamic acid) capsule (γdPGA) are essential for the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. A critical level of vaccine-induced IgG anti-PA confers...

Preparation and Characterization of Group A Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Conjugates and Evaluation of Their Immunogenicity in Mice

Jin, Zhigang, Chu, Chiayung, Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel

Epidemic and endemic meningitis caused by group A Neisseria meningitidis remains a problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Although group A meningococcal capsular polysaccharide (GAMP) vaccine confers...

Further Studies on the Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and Pneumococcal Type 6A Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugates

Chu, Chiayung, Schneerson, Rachel, Robbins, John B., Rastogi, Suresh C.

Conjugates were prepared by carbodiimide-mediated coupling of adipic acid hydrazide derivatives of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Escherichia coli K100, and pneumococcal 6A (Pn6A)...

Differential Complement Resistance Mediates Virulence of Haemophilus influenzae Type b

Sutton, Ann, Schneerson, Rachel, Kendall-Morris, Saundra, Robbins, John B.

Studies were undertaken to gain insight into the virulence of type b in contrast to the other Haemophilus influenzae capsular types. A relationship was found between the comparative virulence of H....

Age-Related Susceptibility to Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease in Rabbits

Schneerson, Rachel, Robbins, John B.

Anti-type b antibodies were detected in newborns and in most 6- to 8-week-old rabbits, similar to those observed in humans. Culture of the pharynx and rectum of rabbits at varied ages failed to yield...

Enteric Bacteria Cross-Reactive with Neisseria meningitidis Groups A and C and Diplococcus pneumoniae Types I and III

Robbins, John B., Myerowitz, Richard L., Whisnant, John K., Argaman, Meir, Schneerson, Rachel, Handzel, Zeev T., ...

Enteric bacteria of 1,335 individual strains were studied for serological cross-reactions with Neisseria meningitidis groups A and C and Diplococcus pneumoniae types I and III. Enterobacterial...

Induction of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Antibody in Neonatal Rabbits by Gastrointestinal Colonization with Cross-Reacting Escherichia coli

Myerowitz, Richard L., Handzel, Zeev T., Schneerson, Rachel, Robbins, John B.

In two separate experiments, newborn rabbits were fed a live suspension of either of two Escherichia coli strains which possess a “K” antigen cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of...

Antigenic Evidence of Prevalence and Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Arabinomannan

Glatman-Freedman, Aharona, Casadevall, Arturo, Dai, Zongdong, Jacobs, William R., Li, Anping, Morris, Sheldon L., ...

Arabinomannan (AM) is a polysaccharide of the mycobacterial capsule. The capsular polysaccharides of various microorganisms are diverse, and this diversity is important for classification of...

Chemical Structure, Conjugation, and Cross-Reactivity of Bacillus pumilus Sh18 Cell Wall Polysaccharide

Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Coxon, Bruce, Schneerson, Rachel

Bacillus pumilus strain Sh18 cell wall polysaccharide (CWP), cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b, was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated...

Effect of Dosage on Immunogenicity of a Vi Conjugate Vaccine Injected Twice into 2- to 5-Year-Old Vietnamese Children†

Canh, Do Gia, Lin, Feng-ying (Kimi), Thiem, Vu Dinh, Trach, Dang Duc, Trong, Nguyen Dinh, Mao, Nguyen Duc, ...

In a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled previous trial, the efficacy of Vi-rEPA for typhoid fever in 2- to 5-year-olds was 89.0% for 46 months. Vi-rEPA contained 25 μg of Vi and...

Additional Conjugation Methods and Immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis Poly-γ-d-Glutamic Acid-Protein Conjugates

Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Liu, Teh-Yung, Mocca, Christopher, Majadly, Fathy, Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel

The capsule of Bacillus anthracis, composed of poly-γ-d-glutamic acid (γDPGA), is an essential virulence factor of B. anthracis. The capsule inhibits innate host defense through its antiphagocytic...

Protein conjugates of synthetic saccharides elicit higher levels of serum IgG lipopolysaccharide antibodies in mice than do those of the O-specific polysaccharide from Shigella dysenteriae type 1

Pozsgay, Vince, Chu, Chiayung, Pannell, Lewis, Wolfe, Jennifer, Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel

Our development of vaccines to prevent shigellosis is based on the hypothesis that a critical (protective) level of serum IgG to the O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) domain of Shigella...

Serum Immunoglobulin G Antibody Responses to Bordetella pertussis Lipooligosaccharide and B. parapertussis Lipopolysaccharide in Children with Pertussis and Parapertussis

Trollfors, Birger, Lagergård, Teresa, Taranger, John, Bergfors, Elisabet, Schneerson, Rachel, Robbins, John B.

Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Bordetella pertussis and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Bordetella parapertussis were measured by enzyme-linked...

Treatment with Succinic Anhydride Improves the Immunogenicity of Shigella flexneri Type 2a O-Specific Polysaccharide–Protein Conjugates in Mice

Pavliakova, Danka, Chu, Chiayung, Bystricky, Slavomir, Tolson, Nathaniel W., Shiloach, Joseph, Kaufman, Jeanne B., ...

Seroepidemiological data and a clinical trial with a Shigella sonnei O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP)–Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A (rEPA) conjugate provide evidence that a...

Safety and Immunogenicity of Vi Conjugate Vaccines for Typhoid Fever in Adults, Teenagers, and 2- to 4-Year-Old Children in Vietnam

Kossaczka, Zuzana, Lin, Feng-Ying C., Ho, Vô Anh, Thuy, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Bay, Phan Van, Thanh, Tran Cong, ...

The capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi, Vi, is an essential virulence factor and a protective vaccine for people older than 5 years. The safety and immunogenicity of two investigational Vi...

Clostridium difficile Recombinant Toxin A Repeating Units as a Carrier Protein for Conjugate Vaccines: Studies of Pneumococcal Type 14, Escherichia coli K1, and Shigella flexneri Type 2a Polysaccharides in Mice

Pavliakova, Danka, Moncrief, J. Scott, Lyerly, David M., Schiffman, Gerald, Bryla, Dolores A., Robbins, John B., ...

Unlike the native protein, a nontoxic peptide (repeating unit of the native toxin designated rARU) from Clostridium difficile toxin A (CDTA) afforded an antigen that could be bound covalently to the...

Safety and Immunogenicity of Improved Shigella O-Specific Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate Vaccines in Adults in Israel

Passwell, Justen H., Harlev, Efrat, Ashkenazi, Shai, Chu, Chiayung, Miron, Dan, Ramon, Reut, ...

Data suggest that the O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) domain of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Shigella species is both an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen and that a critical...

Expression of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Arabinomannan Antigen In Vitro and In Vivo

Schwebach, J. Reid, Casadevall, Arturo, Schneerson, Rachel, Dai, Zhongdong, Wang, Xiaojuan, Robbins, John B., ...

The outermost layer of Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains two major polysaccharides, arabinomannan (AM) and glucan (GC). We studied the in vitro and in vivo expression of an M. tuberculosis AM...

Isotypes and Opsonophagocytosis of Pneumococcus Type 6B Antibodies Elicited in Infants and Adults by an Experimental Pneumococcus Type 6B-Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine

Vidarsson, Gestur, Sigurdardottir, Sigurveig T., Gudnason, Thorolfur, Kjartansson, Sveinn, Kristinsson, Karl G., Ingolfsdottir, Gunnhildur, ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogen of infants, children, and the elderly. Polysaccharide vaccines have been useful in adult populations but do not elicit protective immunity in...

Glucan Is a Component of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Surface That Is Expressed In Vitro and In Vivo

Schwebach, J. Reid, Glatman-Freedman, Aharona, Gunther-Cummins, Leslie, Dai, Zhongdong, Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel, ...

The outermost layer of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is composed primarily of two polysaccharides, glucan (GC) and arabinomannan. To analyze the surface polysaccharide composition of M. tuberculosis, we...

Specificity and Diversity of Antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Arabinomannan

Navoa, Josephine Anne D., Laal, Suman, Pirofski, Liise-Anne, McLean, Gary R., Dai, Zhongdong, Robbins, John B., ...

Arabinomannan (AM) is a polysaccharide antigen of the mycobacterial capsule. However, it is uncertain whether AM constitutes an immunologically distinct fraction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In...

A newly discovered cholesteryl galactoside from Borrelia burgdorferi

Ben-Menachem, Gil, Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Coxon, Bruce, Yergey, Alfred, Schneerson, Rachel

Two major glycolipids, which comprise ≈36% of the total lipid mass from Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of Lyme disease, were investigated. We determined the fatty acid type, sugar...

Poly(γ-d-glutamic acid) protein conjugates induce IgG antibodies in mice to the capsule of Bacillus anthracis: A potential addition to the anthrax vaccine

Schneerson, Rachel, Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Liu, Teh-Yung, Dai, Zhong-Dong, Leppla, Stephen H., Yergey, Alfred, ...

Both the protective antigen (PA) and the poly(γ-d-glutamic acid) capsule (γdPGA) are essential for the virulence of Bacillus anthracis. A critical level of vaccine-induced IgG anti-PA confers...

Preparation and Characterization of Group A Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Conjugates and Evaluation of Their Immunogenicity in Mice

Jin, Zhigang, Chu, Chiayung, Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel

Epidemic and endemic meningitis caused by group A Neisseria meningitidis remains a problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Although group A meningococcal capsular polysaccharide (GAMP) vaccine confers...

Further Studies on the Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and Pneumococcal Type 6A Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugates

Chu, Chiayung, Schneerson, Rachel, Robbins, John B., Rastogi, Suresh C.

Conjugates were prepared by carbodiimide-mediated coupling of adipic acid hydrazide derivatives of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Escherichia coli K100, and pneumococcal 6A (Pn6A)...

Differential Complement Resistance Mediates Virulence of Haemophilus influenzae Type b

Sutton, Ann, Schneerson, Rachel, Kendall-Morris, Saundra, Robbins, John B.

Studies were undertaken to gain insight into the virulence of type b in contrast to the other Haemophilus influenzae capsular types. A relationship was found between the comparative virulence of H....

Age-Related Susceptibility to Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease in Rabbits

Schneerson, Rachel, Robbins, John B.

Anti-type b antibodies were detected in newborns and in most 6- to 8-week-old rabbits, similar to those observed in humans. Culture of the pharynx and rectum of rabbits at varied ages failed to yield...

Enteric Bacteria Cross-Reactive with Neisseria meningitidis Groups A and C and Diplococcus pneumoniae Types I and III

Robbins, John B., Myerowitz, Richard L., Whisnant, John K., Argaman, Meir, Schneerson, Rachel, Handzel, Zeev T., ...

Enteric bacteria of 1,335 individual strains were studied for serological cross-reactions with Neisseria meningitidis groups A and C and Diplococcus pneumoniae types I and III. Enterobacterial...

Induction of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Capsular Antibody in Neonatal Rabbits by Gastrointestinal Colonization with Cross-Reacting Escherichia coli

Myerowitz, Richard L., Handzel, Zeev T., Schneerson, Rachel, Robbins, John B.

In two separate experiments, newborn rabbits were fed a live suspension of either of two Escherichia coli strains which possess a “K” antigen cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of...

Antigenic Evidence of Prevalence and Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Arabinomannan

Glatman-Freedman, Aharona, Casadevall, Arturo, Dai, Zongdong, Jacobs, William R., Li, Anping, Morris, Sheldon L., ...

Arabinomannan (AM) is a polysaccharide of the mycobacterial capsule. The capsular polysaccharides of various microorganisms are diverse, and this diversity is important for classification of...

Chemical Structure, Conjugation, and Cross-Reactivity of Bacillus pumilus Sh18 Cell Wall Polysaccharide

Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Coxon, Bruce, Schneerson, Rachel

Bacillus pumilus strain Sh18 cell wall polysaccharide (CWP), cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b, was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated...

Effect of Dosage on Immunogenicity of a Vi Conjugate Vaccine Injected Twice into 2- to 5-Year-Old Vietnamese Children†

Canh, Do Gia, Lin, Feng-ying (Kimi), Thiem, Vu Dinh, Trach, Dang Duc, Trong, Nguyen Dinh, Mao, Nguyen Duc, ...

In a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled previous trial, the efficacy of Vi-rEPA for typhoid fever in 2- to 5-year-olds was 89.0% for 46 months. Vi-rEPA contained 25 μg of Vi and...

Additional Conjugation Methods and Immunogenicity of Bacillus anthracis Poly-γ-d-Glutamic Acid-Protein Conjugates

Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Liu, Teh-Yung, Mocca, Christopher, Majadly, Fathy, Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel

The capsule of Bacillus anthracis, composed of poly-γ-d-glutamic acid (γDPGA), is an essential virulence factor of B. anthracis. The capsule inhibits innate host defense through its antiphagocytic...

Long-lasting and transmission-blocking activity of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum elicited in mice by protein conjugates of Pfs25

Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Majadly, Fathy, Wu, Yimin, Narum, David L., Guo, Chunyan, Miller, Louis H., ...

Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, estimated to cause >1 million childhood deaths annually. Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of the disease. There is as yet no...

O-Specific polysaccharide conjugate vaccine-induced IgG antibodies prevent invasion of Shigella into Caco-2 cells and may be curative

Chowers, Yehuda, Kirschner, Joachim, Keller, Nathan, Barshack, Iris, Bar-Meir, Simon, Ashkenazi, Shai, ...

The O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP) domain of Shigella LPS is both an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen for this genus. A critical level of serum IgG anti-O-SP was shown to confer...

Effect of the nonreducing end of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 O-specific oligosaccharides on their immunogenicity as conjugates in mice

Pozsgay, Vince, Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Schneerson, Rachel, Robbins, John B.

Endemic and epidemic shigellosis, an acute invasive disease of the lower intestines, afflicts millions of people worldwide with an estimated one million fatalities per annum at a low infectious dose....

Saccharides cross-reactive with Bacillus anthracis spore glycoprotein as an anthrax vaccine component

Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Vinogradov, Evgeny, Hu, Haijing, Leppla, Stephen H., Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel

Bacillus anthracis is a spore-forming bacterium that causes anthrax in humans and in other mammals. The glycoprotein BclA (Bacillus collagen-like protein of anthracis) is a major constituent of the...

Meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa: the case for mass and routine vaccination with available polysaccharide vaccines.

Robbins, John B., Schneerson, Rachel, Gotschlich, Emil C., Mohammed, Idris, Nasidi, Abdulsalami, Chippaux, Jean-Philippe, ...

Endemic and epidemic group A meningococcal meningitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, despite the availability of the safe and inexpensive group A...

Synthesis, characterization, and immunogenicity in mice of Shigella sonnei O-specific oligosaccharide-core-protein conjugates

Robbins, John B., Kubler-Kielb, Joanna, Vinogradov, Evguenii, Mocca, Christopher, Pozsgay, Vince, Shiloach, Joseph, ...

Shigellosis, an enteric disease, is on the World Health Organization's priority prevention list. In one study, the Shigella sonnei O-specific polysaccharide (O-SP)-protein conjugate showed 72%...