Liao, Hsiang-I., Olson, C. Anders, Hwang, Seungmin, Deng, Hongyu, Wong, Elaine, Baric, Ralph S., ...
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus plays important roles in both viral replication and modulation of host cell processes. New ligands that target the...
Mechanisms of GII.4 Norovirus Persistence in Human Populations (2008)
Lisa C. Lindesmith, Eric F. Donaldson, Anna D. LoBue, Jennifer L. Cannon, Du-Ping Zheng, Jan Vinje, ...
BackgroundNoroviruses are the leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis in humans, noted for causing epidemic outbreaks in communities, the military, cruise ships, hospitals, and assisted living...
Cynomolgus Macaque as an Animal Model for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2006)
James V. Lawler, Timothy P. Endy, Lisa E. Hensley, Aura Garrison, Elizabeth A. Fritz, May Lesar, ...
Jason Paragas and colleagues report the first findings of measurable clinical disease in nonhuman primates infected with the virus that causes SARS, SARS-CoV.
Cynomolgus Macaque as an Animal Model for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2006)
James V. Lawler, Timothy P. Endy, Lisa E. Hensley, Aura Garrison, Elizabeth A. Fritz, May Lesar, ...
BackgroundThe emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and 2003 affected global health and caused major economic disruption. Adequate animal models are required to study the...
Cynomolgus Macaque as an Animal Model for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (2006)
Lawler, James V., Endy, Timothy P., Hensley, Lisa E., Garrison, Aura, Fritz, Elizabeth A., Lesar, May, ...
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 - 2003 had a tremendous global impact. Adequate animal models are required to study the underlying pathogenesis of SARS-associated...
Boyd Yount, Kristopher M. Curtis, Ralph S. Baric
A systematic method was developed to assemble functional full-length genomes of large RNA and DNA viruses. Coronaviruses contain the largest single-stranded positive-polarity RNA genome in nature....
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer (1998)
Cleveland, Rebecca J., Gammon, Marilie D., Baric, Ralph S.
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is an important regulator of growth and differentiation, is known to inhibit apoptosis, is a potent mitogen for human breast cancer cells, and may influence...
A Method To Detect Low Levels of Enteric Viruses in Contaminated Oysters
Shieh, Y.-S. Carol, Calci, Kevin R., Baric, Ralph S.
Direct isolation and identification of pathogenic viruses from oysters implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks are hampered by inefficient methods for recovering viruses, naturally occurring PCR...
Persistent Infection Promotes Cross-Species Transmissibility of Mouse Hepatitis Virus
Baric, Ralph S., Sullivan, Eileen, Hensley, Lisa, Yount, Boyd, Chen, Wan
Persistent infection with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strain A59 in murine DBT (delayed brain tumor) cells resulted in the emergence of host range variants, designated V51A and V51B, at 210 days...
Yount, Boyd, Curtis, Kristopher M., Baric, Ralph S.
A systematic method was developed to assemble functional full-length genomes of large RNA and DNA viruses. Coronaviruses contain the largest single-stranded positive-polarity RNA genome in nature....
Subgenomic Negative-Strand RNA Function during Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-infected cells contain full-length and subgenomic-length positive- and negative-strand RNAs. The origin and function of the subgenomic negative-strand RNAs is...
Heterologous Gene Expression from Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Replicon Particles
Curtis, Kristopher M., Yount, Boyd, Baric, Ralph S.
We have recently isolated a transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infectious construct designated TGEV 1000 (B. Yount, K. M. Curtis, and R. S. Baric, J. Virol. 74:10600–10611, 2000). Using...
Baric, Ralph S., Yount, Boyd, Lindesmith, Lisa, Harrington, Patrick R., Greene, Shermalyn R., Tseng, Fan-Chen, ...
The Norwalk virus (NV) capsid protein was expressed using Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP-NV1). VRP-NV1 infection resulted in large numbers of recombinant NV-like...
Systematic Assembly of a Full-Length Infectious cDNA of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59
Yount, Boyd, Denison, Mark R., Weiss, Susan R., Baric, Ralph S.
A novel method was developed to assemble a full-length infectious cDNA of the group II coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59). Seven contiguous cDNA clones that spanned the 31.5-kb...
Harrington, Patrick R., Yount, Boyd, Johnston, Robert E., Davis, Nancy, Moe, Christine, Baric, Ralph S.
Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are a diverse group of single-stranded, nonenveloped, positive-polarity RNA viruses and are the leading cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis in the United States. In...
Harrington, Patrick R., Lindesmith, Lisa, Yount, Boyd, Moe, Christine L., Baric, Ralph S.
Attachment of Norwalk (NV), Snow Mountain (SMV), and Hawaii (HV) virus-like particles (VLPs) to specific ABH histo-blood group antigens was investigated by using human saliva and synthetic...
Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Yount, Boyd, Curtis, Kristopher M., Fritz, Elizabeth A., Hensley, Lisa E., Jahrling, Peter B., Prentice, Erik, ...
A previously undescribed coronavirus (CoV) is the etiologic agent responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Using a panel of contiguous cDNAs that span the entire genome, we have...
Carol Shieh, Y., Baric, Ralph S., Woods, Jacquelina W., Calci, Kevin R.
An 18-month survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of enteric viruses and their relationship to indicators in environmentally polluted shellfish. Groups of oysters, one group per 4 weeks,...
Norovirus Capture with Histo-Blood Group Antigens Reveals Novel Virus-Ligand Interactions
Harrington, Patrick R., Vinjé, Jan, Moe, Christine L., Baric, Ralph S.
Noroviruses are genetically diverse, uncultivable, positive-sense RNA viruses and are the most common cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis in humans in the United States. Recent studies of...
Curtis, Kristopher M., Yount, Boyd, Sims, Amy C., Baric, Ralph S.
Coronavirus discontinuous transcription uses a highly conserved sequence (CS) in the joining of leader and body RNAs. Using a full-length infectious construct of transmissable gastroenteritis virus,...
Denison, Mark R., Yount, Boyd, Brockway, Sarah M., Graham, Rachel L., Sims, Amy C., Lu, XiaoTao, ...
The p28 and p65 proteins of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) are the most amino-terminal protein domains of the replicase polyprotein. Cleavage between p28 and p65 has been shown to occur in vitro at...
Cellular and Humoral Immunity following Snow Mountain Virus Challenge
Lindesmith, Lisa, Moe, Christine, LePendu, Jacques, Frelinger, Jeffrey A., Treanor, John, Baric, Ralph S.
Little is known about the immune response to noroviruses. To elucidate the immunobiology of norovirus infection in humans, 15 volunteers were challenged with Snow Mountain virus (SMV), a genogroup 2...
Sperry, Steven M., Kazi, Lubna, Graham, Rachel L., Baric, Ralph S., Weiss, Susan R., Denison, Mark R.
A reverse genetic system was recently established for the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), in which cDNA fragments of the RNA genome are assembled in vitro into a full-length...
Graham, Rachel L., Sims, Amy C., Brockway, Sarah M., Baric, Ralph S., Denison, Mark R.
The positive-stranded RNA genome of the coronaviruses is translated from ORF1 to yield polyproteins that are proteolytically processed into intermediate and mature nonstructural proteins (nsps)....
Yount, Boyd, Roberts, Rhonda S., Sims, Amy C., Deming, Damon, Frieman, Matthew B., Sparks, Jennifer, ...
SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) encodes several unique group-specific open reading frames (ORFs) relative to other known coronaviruses. To determine the significance of the SARS-CoV group-specific ORFs...
Effect of Mutations in the Mouse Hepatitis Virus 3′(+)42 Protein Binding Element on RNA Replication
Johnson, Reed F., Feng, Min, Liu, Pinghua, Millership, Jason J., Yount, Boyd, Baric, Ralph S., ...
The mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) genome's 3′ untranslated region contains cis-acting sequences necessary for replication. Studies of MHV and other coronaviruses have indicated a role for RNA...
Sims, Amy C., Baric, Ralph S., Yount, Boyd, Burkett, Susan E., Collins, Peter L., Pickles, Raymond J.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 as an important cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans, and in vitro models of the lung are needed to...
Cynomolgus Macaque as an Animal Model for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Lawler, James V, Endy, Timothy P, Hensley, Lisa E, Garrison, Aura, Fritz, Elizabeth A, Lesar, May, ...
Jason Paragas and colleagues report the first findings of measurable clinical disease in nonhuman primates infected with the virus that causes SARS, SARS-CoV.
A Method To Detect Low Levels of Enteric Viruses in Contaminated Oysters
Shieh, Y.-S. Carol, Calci, Kevin R., Baric, Ralph S.
Direct isolation and identification of pathogenic viruses from oysters implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks are hampered by inefficient methods for recovering viruses, naturally occurring PCR...
Persistent Infection Promotes Cross-Species Transmissibility of Mouse Hepatitis Virus
Baric, Ralph S., Sullivan, Eileen, Hensley, Lisa, Yount, Boyd, Chen, Wan
Persistent infection with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strain A59 in murine DBT (delayed brain tumor) cells resulted in the emergence of host range variants, designated V51A and V51B, at 210 days...
Yount, Boyd, Curtis, Kristopher M., Baric, Ralph S.
A systematic method was developed to assemble functional full-length genomes of large RNA and DNA viruses. Coronaviruses contain the largest single-stranded positive-polarity RNA genome in nature....
Subgenomic Negative-Strand RNA Function during Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)-infected cells contain full-length and subgenomic-length positive- and negative-strand RNAs. The origin and function of the subgenomic negative-strand RNAs is...
Heterologous Gene Expression from Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Replicon Particles
Curtis, Kristopher M., Yount, Boyd, Baric, Ralph S.
We have recently isolated a transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infectious construct designated TGEV 1000 (B. Yount, K. M. Curtis, and R. S. Baric, J. Virol. 74:10600–10611, 2000). Using...
Baric, Ralph S., Yount, Boyd, Lindesmith, Lisa, Harrington, Patrick R., Greene, Shermalyn R., Tseng, Fan-Chen, ...
The Norwalk virus (NV) capsid protein was expressed using Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP-NV1). VRP-NV1 infection resulted in large numbers of recombinant NV-like...
Systematic Assembly of a Full-Length Infectious cDNA of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59
Yount, Boyd, Denison, Mark R., Weiss, Susan R., Baric, Ralph S.
A novel method was developed to assemble a full-length infectious cDNA of the group II coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59). Seven contiguous cDNA clones that spanned the 31.5-kb...
Harrington, Patrick R., Yount, Boyd, Johnston, Robert E., Davis, Nancy, Moe, Christine, Baric, Ralph S.
Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are a diverse group of single-stranded, nonenveloped, positive-polarity RNA viruses and are the leading cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis in the United States. In...
Harrington, Patrick R., Lindesmith, Lisa, Yount, Boyd, Moe, Christine L., Baric, Ralph S.
Attachment of Norwalk (NV), Snow Mountain (SMV), and Hawaii (HV) virus-like particles (VLPs) to specific ABH histo-blood group antigens was investigated by using human saliva and synthetic...
Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Yount, Boyd, Curtis, Kristopher M., Fritz, Elizabeth A., Hensley, Lisa E., Jahrling, Peter B., Prentice, Erik, ...
A previously undescribed coronavirus (CoV) is the etiologic agent responsible for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Using a panel of contiguous cDNAs that span the entire genome, we have...
Carol Shieh, Y., Baric, Ralph S., Woods, Jacquelina W., Calci, Kevin R.
An 18-month survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of enteric viruses and their relationship to indicators in environmentally polluted shellfish. Groups of oysters, one group per 4 weeks,...
Norovirus Capture with Histo-Blood Group Antigens Reveals Novel Virus-Ligand Interactions
Harrington, Patrick R., Vinjé, Jan, Moe, Christine L., Baric, Ralph S.
Noroviruses are genetically diverse, uncultivable, positive-sense RNA viruses and are the most common cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis in humans in the United States. Recent studies of...
Curtis, Kristopher M., Yount, Boyd, Sims, Amy C., Baric, Ralph S.
Coronavirus discontinuous transcription uses a highly conserved sequence (CS) in the joining of leader and body RNAs. Using a full-length infectious construct of transmissable gastroenteritis virus,...
Denison, Mark R., Yount, Boyd, Brockway, Sarah M., Graham, Rachel L., Sims, Amy C., Lu, XiaoTao, ...
The p28 and p65 proteins of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) are the most amino-terminal protein domains of the replicase polyprotein. Cleavage between p28 and p65 has been shown to occur in vitro at...
Cellular and Humoral Immunity following Snow Mountain Virus Challenge
Lindesmith, Lisa, Moe, Christine, LePendu, Jacques, Frelinger, Jeffrey A., Treanor, John, Baric, Ralph S.
Little is known about the immune response to noroviruses. To elucidate the immunobiology of norovirus infection in humans, 15 volunteers were challenged with Snow Mountain virus (SMV), a genogroup 2...
Sperry, Steven M., Kazi, Lubna, Graham, Rachel L., Baric, Ralph S., Weiss, Susan R., Denison, Mark R.
A reverse genetic system was recently established for the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59), in which cDNA fragments of the RNA genome are assembled in vitro into a full-length...
Graham, Rachel L., Sims, Amy C., Brockway, Sarah M., Baric, Ralph S., Denison, Mark R.
The positive-stranded RNA genome of the coronaviruses is translated from ORF1 to yield polyproteins that are proteolytically processed into intermediate and mature nonstructural proteins (nsps)....
Yount, Boyd, Roberts, Rhonda S., Sims, Amy C., Deming, Damon, Frieman, Matthew B., Sparks, Jennifer, ...
SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) encodes several unique group-specific open reading frames (ORFs) relative to other known coronaviruses. To determine the significance of the SARS-CoV group-specific ORFs...
Effect of Mutations in the Mouse Hepatitis Virus 3′(+)42 Protein Binding Element on RNA Replication
Johnson, Reed F., Feng, Min, Liu, Pinghua, Millership, Jason J., Yount, Boyd, Baric, Ralph S., ...
The mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) genome's 3′ untranslated region contains cis-acting sequences necessary for replication. Studies of MHV and other coronaviruses have indicated a role for RNA...
Sims, Amy C., Baric, Ralph S., Yount, Boyd, Burkett, Susan E., Collins, Peter L., Pickles, Raymond J.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 as an important cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans, and in vitro models of the lung are needed to...
Cynomolgus Macaque as an Animal Model for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Lawler, James V, Endy, Timothy P, Hensley, Lisa E, Garrison, Aura, Fritz, Elizabeth A, Lesar, May, ...
Jason Paragas and colleagues report the first findings of measurable clinical disease in nonhuman primates infected with the virus that causes SARS, SARS-CoV.
Yount, Boyd, Roberts, Rhonda S., Lindesmith, Lisa, Baric, Ralph S.
Live virus vaccines provide significant protection against many detrimental human and animal diseases, but reversion to virulence by mutation and recombination has reduced appeal. Using severe acute...
Murine Hepatitis Virus Replicase Protein nsp10 Is a Critical Regulator of Viral RNA Synthesis▿
Donaldson, Eric F., Sims, Amy C., Graham, Rachel L., Denison, Mark R., Baric, Ralph S.
Coronavirus replication requires proteolytic processing of the large polyprotein encoded by ORF1a/ab into putative functional intermediates and eventually ∼15 mature proteins. The C-terminal ORF1a...
Donaldson, Eric F., Graham, Rachel L., Sims, Amy C., Denison, Mark R., Baric, Ralph S.
Coronaviruses are the largest RNA viruses, and their genomes encode replication machinery capable of efficient replication of both positive- and negative-strand viral RNAs as well as enzymes capable...
Frieman, Matthew, Yount, Boyd, Heise, Mark, Kopecky-Bromberg, Sarah A., Palese, Peter, Baric, Ralph S.
The host innate immune response is an important deterrent of severe viral infection in humans and animals. Nuclear import factors function as key gatekeepers that regulate the transport of innate...
Deming, Damon J., Graham, Rachel L., Denison, Mark R., Baric, Ralph S.
Coronaviruses express open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) and ORF1b polyproteins from which 16 nonstructural proteins (nsp) are derived. The highly conserved region at the carboxy terminus of ORF1a is...
Wathelet, Marc G., Orr, Melissa, Frieman, Matthew B., Baric, Ralph S.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic was caused by the spread of a previously unrecognized infectious agent, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Here we show that SARS-CoV...
Mechanisms of GII.4 Norovirus Persistence in Human Populations
Lindesmith, Lisa C, Donaldson, Eric F, LoBue, Anna D, Cannon, Jennifer L, Zheng, Du-Ping, Vinje, Jan, ...
Through phylogenetic analysis of norovirus isolates, Ralph Baric and colleagues show that new epidemic strains arise as the variety of available cellular receptors permits antigenic drift in the...
McRoy, Willie C., Baric, Ralph S.
We previously described mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) variant V51 derived from a persistent infection of murine DBT cells with an expanded host range (R. S. Baric, E. Sullivan, L. Hensley, B. Yount,...
Sparks, Jennifer S., Donaldson, Eric F., Lu, Xiaotao, Baric, Ralph S., Denison, Mark R.
Sequencing and reversion analysis of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) temperature-sensitive (ts) viruses has identified putative ts mutations in the replicase nonstructural proteins (nsp's) of these...
Antibody Is Critical for the Clearance of Murine Norovirus Infection ▿
Chachu, Karen A., Strong, David W., LoBue, Anna D., Wobus, Christiane E., Baric, Ralph S., Virgin, Herbert W.
Human noroviruses cause more than 90% of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis. However, the role of B cells and antibody in the immune response to noroviruses is unclear. Previous studies have...
Chachu, Karen A., LoBue, Anna D., Strong, David W., Baric, Ralph S., Virgin, Herbert W.
Two cardinal manifestations of viral immunity are efficient clearance of acute infection and the capacity to vaccinate against secondary viral exposure. For noroviruses, the contributions of T cells...
MyD88 Is Required for Protection from Lethal Infection with a Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV
Sheahan, Timothy, Morrison, Thomas E., Funkhouser, William, Uematsu, Satoshi, Akira, Shizou, Baric, Ralph S., ...
A novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV, emerged suddenly in 2003, causing approximately 8000 human cases and more than 700 deaths worldwide. Since most animal models fail to faithfully recapitulate the...
Systematic Assembly of a Full-Length Infectious Clone of Human Coronavirus NL63▿ †
Donaldson, Eric F., Yount, Boyd, Sims, Amy C., Burkett, Susan, Pickles, Raymond J., Baric, Ralph S.
Historically, coronaviruses were predominantly associated with mild upper respiratory disease in humans. More recently, three novel coronaviruses associated with severe human respiratory disease were...
Synthetic recombinant bat SARS-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice
Becker, Michelle M., Graham, Rachel L., Donaldson, Eric F., Rockx, Barry, Sims, Amy C., Sheahan, Timothy, ...
Defining prospective pathways by which zoonoses evolve and emerge as human pathogens is critical for anticipating and controlling both natural and deliberate pandemics. However, predicting tenable...
Novel Influenza Virus NS1 Antagonists Block Replication and Restore Innate Immune Function▿ †
Basu, Dipanwita, Walkiewicz, Marcin P., Frieman, Matthew, Baric, Ralph S., Auble, David T., Engel, Daniel A.
The innate immune system guards against virus infection through a variety of mechanisms including mobilization of the host interferon system, which attacks viral products mainly at a...
LoBue, Anna D., Thompson, Joseph M., Lindesmith, Lisa, Johnston, Robert E., Baric, Ralph S.
The development of an effective norovirus vaccine likely requires the capacity to protect against infection with multiple norovirus strains. Advanced recombinant genetic systems and the recent...
Miknis, Zachary J., Donaldson, Eric F., Umland, Timothy C., Rimmer, Ryan A., Baric, Ralph S., Schultz, L. Wayne
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) devotes a significant portion of its genome to producing nonstructural proteins required for viral replication. SARS-CoV nonstructural...