Aoyagi, Haruhiko, Lee, Sannamu, Aoki, Reiko, Park, Nam G., Ohno, Motonori
We previously found that an amphipathic alpha-helical peptide Ac-(Leu-Ala-Arg-Leu)3-NHCH3 (4 sub 3) showed various biological activities and fused liposomes.
Patent policy and public health in developing countries: lessons from Japan (2006)
Aoki, Reiko, Kubo, Kensuke, Yamane, Hiroko
リンクされているPDFはWeb版。Referencesが増補されているため印刷版より1ページ多い。
Indian Patent Policy and Public Health:Implications from the Japanese Experience (2006)
Aoki, Reiko, Kubo, Kensuke, Yamane, Hiroko
The introduction of pharmaceutical product patents in India and other developing countries is expected to have a significant effect on public health and local pharmaceutical industries. This paper is...
Economics of Research Exemption (2006)
We provide an economic analysis of two types of research exemptions: (1) experimentation and research on the patented subject matter, and (2) academic (or non-commercial) research with the patented...
Indian Patent Policy and Publich Health : implications from the Japanese Experience (2006)
Aoki, Reiko, Kubo, Kensuke, Yamane, Hiroko
The introduction of pharmaceutical product patents in India and other developing countries is expected to have a significant effect on public health and local pharmaceutical industries. This paper...
It Takes a Village- Network Effect of Child-rearing (2005)
We explore an economy where number of children is endogenously determined and the cost of raising children is determined by the total number of children in the economy. We show that number of...
Compulsory Licensing of Technology and the Essential Facilities Doctrine (2003)
We consider compulsory licensing of intellectual property as a remedy for anti-competitive practices. We identify aspects of intellectual property that could warrant a different remedy from those...
Compulsory Licensing of Technology and the Essential Facilities Doctrine (2002)
We look at compulsory licensing of intellectual property as remedy for anti-competitive practice. We identify aspects of intellectual property that warrants a different remedy from those using...
The Utility Standard and the Patentability of Basic Research (2002)
We explore the consequences of the utility requirement for patents on speed of innovation. Basic research output, that has no immediate appli-cation except for as a step to further research, may not...
Compulsory Licensing of Technology and the Essential Facilities Doctrine (2002)
We look at compulsory licensing of intellectual property as rem-edy for anti-competitive practice. We identify aspects of intellectual property that warrants a different remedy from those using...
Cournot and Bertrand Competition with Vertical Quality Differentiation (2001)
We consider a model of vertical quality differentiation. We show that in Coumot (quality setting) competition firm's profit is increasing in its own quality and decreasing in its rival's quality....
Equilibrium Quality Choices with Generalized Smooth Cost Function (2001)
We show that the effect of credible quality commitment on quality choice with Bertrand and Cournot competition in the product market for quadratic cost of quality function (Aoki (2000)) holds for...
Oligopolisic Business-to-Business E-Market and Welfare (2001)
We examine the effect of an oligopolistic upstream electronic market on upstream and downstream prices. The analysis highlights the two sources of competition that a firm that source from an...
Modelos de regressão com erros nas variáveis com intercepto nulo. (2001)
Consideramos modelos para análise de conjunto de dados dependentes, onde a covariável é medida com erro e o intercepto é suposto conhecido. Iniciamos o estudo com uma população e...
A Cooperative Game Approach to Patent Litigation, Settlement, and Allocation of Legal Costs (1999)
We analyze litigation and settlement behavior in case of patent infringement using the Nash Bargaining Game framework. We show that litigation can be the Pareto efficient outcome. We also show that...
Public Disclosure of Patent Applications, R&D, and Welfare (1998)
In Europe and in Japan, patent applications are publicly disclosed after 18 month from the filing date regardless of whether a patent has been or will be registered. In the U.S. in contrast, patent...
Patent Licensing with Spillovers (1998)
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of spillover on extent of licensing when cost reducing innovation is introduced and licensed to a number of oligopolistic firms. We characterize the...
Uma possivel solução para o problema de mal condicionamento da matriz do modelo de regressão (1992)
Not informed
Contributions to the economic theory of regulation / Reiko Aoki. (1987)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 1987.
Contributions to the economic theory of regulation /--by Reiko Aoki. (1987)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 1987.
Bayesian analysis of null intercept errors-in-variables regression for pretest/post-test data
REIKO AOKI, JORGE ACHCAR, HELENO BOLFARINE, JULIO SINGER
This article discusses a Bayesian analysis of repeated measures pretest/post-test data under null intercepts errors-in-variables regression models. For illustration we consider an example in the...
Local influence in null intercept measurement error regression under a student_t model
Filidor Labra, Reiko Aoki, Heleno Bolfarine
In this paper we discuss the application of local influence in a measurement error regression model with null intercepts under a Student_t model with dependent populations. The Student_t distribution...
Effect of credible quality investment with Bertrand and Cournot competition
Keywords and Phrases: Vertical quality differentiation, Bertrand and Cournot competition, Commitment, Sequential vs. simultaneous choices., JEL Classification Numbers: L1, D4, C7.,
Indian Patent Policy and Publich Health : implications from the Japanese Experience
Aoki, Reiko, Kubo, Kensuke, Yamane, Hiroko
The introduction of pharmaceutical product patents in India and other developing countries is expected to have a significant effect on public health and local pharmaceutical industries. This paper...
Patent policy and public health in developing countries: lessons from Japan
Aoki, Reiko, Kubo, Kensuke, Yamane, Hiroko
The introduction of pharmaceutical product patents in India and other developing countries is expected to have a significant effect on public health and local pharmaceutical industries. This paper...
Indian Patent Policy and Publich Health : implications from the Japanese Experience
Aoki, Reiko, Kubo, Kensuke, Yamane, Hiroko
The introduction of pharmaceutical product patents in India and other developing countries is expected to have a significant effect on public health and local pharmaceutical industries. This paper...
Patent policy and public health in developing countries: lessons from Japan
Aoki, Reiko, Kubo, Kensuke, Yamane, Hiroko
The introduction of pharmaceutical product patents in India and other developing countries is expected to have a significant effect on public health and local pharmaceutical industries. This paper...
Indian Patent Policy and Publich Health : implications from the Japanese Experience
Aoki, Reiko, Kubo, Kensuke, Yamane, Hiroko
The introduction of pharmaceutical product patents in India and other developing countries is expected to have a significant effect on public health and local pharmaceutical industries. This paper...
The Consortium Standard and Patent Pools
We examine patent pools in the context of a consortium standard. Although such pools of complementary technologies are approved by antitrust authorities, the actual implementation has proved to be...
Licensing vs. Litigation: The Effect of the Legal System on Incentives to Innovate
With uncertain scope of patent protection and imperfect enforcement, the effective strength of patent protection is determined by the legal system. We analyze how the legal system affects the...
Allocation of Legal Costs and Patent Litigation: A Cooperative Game Approach
We compare the bargaining power of the patentee under American and English rules of legal costs allocation. Using the Nash Bargaining Game framework, we show that litigation can be a Pareto efficient...
Licensing vs. Litigation: Effect of the Legal System on Incentives to Innovate
With uncertain scope of patent protection and incomplete enforcement, the effective strength of patent protection is determined by the legal system. We analyze how the legal system effects the...
Oligopolistic Business to Business E-Market and Welfare
We examine the effect of an oligopolistic upstream electronic market on upstream and downstream prices. The analysis highlights the two sources of competition that a firm that source from an...
Public Disclosure of Patent Applications, R & D, and Welfare
In this paper we examine the consequences of this difference for (i) firm's R&D and patenting behavior, (ii) consumers' surplus and social welfare, and (iii) the incentives of firms to innovate, in a...
Time Factors of Patent Litigation and Licensing
This study incorporates the concept of time into an analysis of patent litigation and licensing. We show that increasing imitation or litigation costs with a longer imitation lag or litigation time...
The Consortium Standard and Patent Pools
We examine patent pools in the context of a consortium standard. Although such pools of complementary technologies are approved by antitrust authorities, the actual implementation has proved to be...
Implications of Product Patents : Lessons from Japan
Product (material) patents were introduced to Japan in 1976. We examine data prior to 1976 and years immediately following to determine the law's effect on domestic pharmaceutical market, innovation...
The Utility Standard and the Patentability of Intermediate Technology
We explore the consequences of the utility requirement on speed of innovation and welfare. A weak utility requirement means that an intermediate technology with no immediate application or commercial...
"The Utility Standard and the Patentability of Basic Research"
We explore the consequences of the utility requirement for patents on speed of innovation. Basic research output, that has no immediate appli-cation except for as a step to further research, may not...
Null intercept measurement error regression models
Reiko Aoki, Hereno Bolfarine, Julio Singer
Maximum likelihood, pretest/posttest data, random effects, 62F05, 62J05,
The Utility Standard and the Patentability of Intermediate Technology
We explore the consequences of the utility requirement on speed of innovation, welfare and public policy. A weak utility requirement means that an intermediate technology with no immediate...
Intellectual Property Access Systems
This paper reviews and compares patent pools and intellectual property clearinghouses as alternative systems for increasing the efficiency of access to intellectual property. These systems improve...
Innovation and Incentives in Japan Focus on pre-Meiji
This manuscript is based on a chapter to be included in gIntellectual Property - Innovation and Incentivesh by Suzanne Scotchmer, translated by Munetomo Ando, forthcoming from Nihon Hyoronsha. The...
The Effect s of Reduced Transact ion Costs in Licensing
We focus on downstream uses that combine multiple intellectual property rights and examine the effects of introducing an intellectual property clearinghouse that reduces transaction costs associated...
Product Development and the Timing of Information Disclosure under U.S.and Japanese Patent Systems
This paper examines the consequences of the differences in the timing of information disclosure between the U.S. and Japanese patent systems. Under the Japanese system it is possible for a firm to...
Sequential vs. Simultaneous Choice With Endogenous Quality
In this paper we examine how the timing of investment affects the levels of quality chosen by firms. We show that in a model with vertical quality differentiation a game with sequential quality...
Product Development and the Timing of Information Disclosure under U.S. and Japanese Patent Systems
This paper examines the consequences of the differences in the timing of information disclosure between the U.S. and Japanese patent systems. Under the Japanese system it is possible for a firm to...
Bayesian analysis for a skew extension of the multivariate null intercept measurement error model
V. G. Cancho, Reiko Aoki, V. H. Lachos
Skew-normal distribution is a class of distributions that includes the normal distributions as a special case. In this paper, we explore the use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to develop...
Intellectual Property Clearinghouses and Investment in R&D
We examine the effects of third-party clearinghouses that license intellectual property on behalf of inventors when downstream uses of IP require licenses to multiple complementary innovations. We...
On the Persistence of Low Birthrate in Japan
We first show that quality of consumption is an important determinant of fertility and labor supply. Taking this observation into account and using a general equilibrium model with vertical quality...
Intellectual Property Clearinghouses: The Effects of Reduced Transaction Costs in Licensing
We focus on downstream uses that combine multiple intellectual property rights and examine the effects of introducing an intellectual property clearinghouse that reduces transaction costs associated...
Differentiated Standards and Patent Pools
We consider patent pool formation by owners of essential patents for differentiated standards that may be complements or substitutes in use. Pooling improves coordination in terms of royalty setting...
The Relationship between Consumption, Labor Supply and Fertility: Theory and Evidence from Japan
We present an alternative explanation of the positive relationship between total fertility rate (TFR) and female labor participation rate (FLPR) observed in recent cross section of OECD countries. We...
Differentiated Standards and Patent Pools
We consider patent pool formation by owners of essential patents for differentiated standards that may be complements or substitutes in use. Pooling improves coordination in terms of royalty setting...
Intellectual Property Access Systems
This paper reviews and compares patent pools and intellectual property clearinghouses as alternative systems for efficient access to licensable intellectual property in a 'market for technology'...
Intellectual Property Clearinghouses: The Effects of Reduced Transaction Costs in Licensing
We focus on downstream uses that combine multiple intellectual property rights and examine the effects of introducing an intellectual property clearinghouse that reduces transaction costs associated...
Promoting Access to Intellectual Property: Patent Pools, Copyright Collectives and Clearinghouses
This paper reviews and compares patent pools, intellectual property clearinghouses and copyright collectives as systems for promoting efficient access to licensable intellectual property in a 'market...
Clearing Houses and Patent Pools: Access to Genetic Patents
We consider four institutions to facilitate access to patent, three types of clearing houses and patent pools, and identify characteristics that determine their success. We first regroup the four...
Formation of a Pool with Essential Patents
We examine why cooperation among essential patent holders may not occur, despite significant gains for them and the users. We use the sequential coalition formation framework to show that no...
The Consortium Standard and Patent Pools
We examine patent pools in the context of a consortium standard. Although such pools of complementary technologies are approved by antitrust authorities, the actual implementation has proved to be...
Compulsory Licensing of Technology and the Essential Facilities Doctrine
We consider compulsory licensing of intellectual property as a remedy for anticompetitive practices. We identify aspects of intellectual property that could warrant a different remedy from those...
It Takes a Village: Network Effect of Child-rearing
Yomogida, Morihiro, Aoki, Reiko
We explore an economy where number of children is endogenously determined and the cost of raising children is determined by the total number of children in the economy. We show that number of...
Microeconomics of Declining Birthrate: Review of Existing Literature
This paper explores the implications of declining population on the economy. A simple model with household childbearing decision with macro-micro feedback rule is introduced to argue that population...
Is Demeny Voting the Answer to Low Fertility in Japan?
Aoki, Reiko, Vaithianathan, Rhema
Japan has the oldest population in the world, and experienced an unprecedented decrease in fertility rates during the post-war period. Despite the well recognized need to provide pronatalist...
Pre-grant patent publication and cumulative innovation
We examine the implications of pre-grant publication (PP) of patent applications in the context of a cumulative innovation model. We show that PP leads to fewer applications and fewer inventions, but...
Influence diagnostics in nonlinear mixed-effects elliptical models
Russo, Cibele M., Paula, Gilberto A., Aoki, Reiko
In this work we propose and analyze nonlinear elliptical models for longitudinal data, which represent an alternative to gaussian models in the cases of heavy tails, for instance. The elliptical...
Collective Rights Organizations and Upstream R&D Investment
We examine the effect of collective rights organizations (CROs) on upstream innovation. CROs are established to facilitate downstream use, such as production and downstream innovation, of upstream...