Robert J. Lefkowitz

Molecular Basis for Interactions of G Protein (2007)

Subunits With Effectors, Carolyn E. Ford, Nikolai P. Skiba, Hyunsu Bae, Yehia Daaka, Eitan Reuveny, ...

free Ga and Gbg subunits that can activate various effectors (1). Effector proteins of the Gbg complex include phospholipases (2), adenylyl cyclases (3), ion channels (4), G protein--coupled receptor...

Regulation of β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling by S-Nitrosylation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (2007)

Whalen, Erin J., Foster, Matthew W., Matsumoto, Akio, Ozawa, Kentaro, Violin, Jonathan D., Que, Loretta G., ...

β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), prototypic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), play a critical role in regulating numerous physiological processes. The GPCR kinases (GRKs) curtail G-protein...

Regulation of β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling by S-Nitrosylation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (2007)

Whalen, Erin J., Foster, Matthew W., Matsumoto, Akio, Ozawa, Kentaro, Violin, Jonathan D., Que, Loretta G., ...

β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), prototypic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), play a critical role in regulating numerous physiological processes. The GPCR kinases (GRKs) curtail G-protein...

Regulation of Membrane Targeting of the G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 by Protein Kinase A and Its Anchoring Protein AKAP79 (2001)

Cong, Mei, Perry, Stepehn J., Lin, Fang-Tsyr, Fraser, Iain D., Hu, Liaoyuan A., Chen, Wei, ...

The beta 2 adrenergic receptor (beta 2AR) undergoes desensitization by a process involving its phosphorylation by both protein kinase A (PKA) and G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). The...

Multiple endocytic pathways of G protein-coupled receptors delineated by GIT1 sensitivity

Claing, Audrey, Perry, Stephen J., Achiriloaie, Mircea, Walker, Julia K. L., Albanesi, Joseph P., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

Recently, we identified a GTPase-activating protein for the ADP ribosylation factor family of small GTP-binding proteins that we call GIT1. This protein initially was identified as an interacting...

Receptor and Gβγ isoform-specific interactions with G protein-coupled receptor kinases

Daaka, Yehia, Pitcher, Julie A., Richardson, Mark, Stoffel, Robert H., Robishaw, Janet D., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate and desensitize agonist-occupied GPCRs. GRK2-mediated receptor phosphorylation is preceded by the agonist-dependent membrane...

A C-terminal motif found in the β2-adrenergic receptor, P2Y1 receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator determines binding to the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor family of PDZ proteins

Hall, Randy A., Ostedgaard, Lynda S., Premont, Richard T., Blitzer, Jeremy T., Rahman, Nadeem, Welsh, Michael J., ...

The Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) binds to the tail of the β2-adrenergic receptor and plays a role in adrenergic regulation of Na+/H+ exchange. NHERF contains two PDZ domains, the first...

Targeting Gβγ signaling in arterial vascular smooth muscle proliferation: A novel strategy to limit restenosis

Iaccarino, Guido, Smithwick, L. Ashley, Lefkowitz, Robert J., Koch, Walter J.

Restenosis continues to be a major problem limiting the effectiveness of revascularization procedures. To date, the roles of heterotrimeric G proteins in the triggering of pathological vascular...

Expression of a β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibitor prevents the development of myocardial failure in gene-targeted mice

Rockman, Howard A., Chien, Kenneth R., Choi, Dong-Ju, Iaccarino, Guido, Hunter, John J., Ross, John, ...

Heart failure is accompanied by severely impaired β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) function, which includes loss of βAR density and functional uncoupling of remaining receptors. An important mechanism...

Identification of the endophilins (SH3p4/p8/p13) as novel binding partners for the β1-adrenergic receptor

Tang, Yuting, Hu, Liaoyuan A., Miller, William E., Ringstad, Niels, Hall, Randy A., Pitcher, Julie A., ...

Several G-protein coupled receptors, such as the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR), contain polyproline motifs within their intracellular domains. Such motifs in other proteins are known to mediate...

Restoration of β-adrenergic signaling in failing cardiac ventricular myocytes via adenoviral-mediated gene transfer

Akhter, Shahab A., Skaer, Christine A., Kypson, Alan P., McDonald, Patricia H., Peppel, Karsten C., Glower, Donald D., ...

Cardiovascular gene therapy is a novel approach to the treatment of diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF). Gene transfer to the heart would allow for the replacement of defective or missing...

β2-Adrenergic receptor regulation by GIT1, a G protein-coupled receptor kinase-associated ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein

Premont, Richard T., Claing, Audrey, Vitale, Nicolas, Freeman, Jennifer L. R., Pitcher, Julie A., Patton, Walter A., ...

G protein-coupled receptor activation leads to the membrane recruitment and activation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases, which phosphorylate receptors and lead to their inactivation. We have...

Preservation of myocardial β-adrenergic receptor signaling delays the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction

White, David C., Hata, Jonathan A., Shah, Ashish S., Glower, Donald D., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Koch, Walter J.

When the heart fails, there is often a constellation of biochemical alterations of the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling system, leading to the loss of cardiac inotropic reserve. βAR...

Role of endocytosis in the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade by sequestering and nonsequestering G protein-coupled receptors

Pierce, Kristen L., Maudsley, Stuart, Daaka, Yehia, Luttrell, Louis M., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Acting through a number of distinct pathways, many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade....

β-Arrestin 1 and 2 differentially regulate heptahelical receptor signaling and trafficking

Kohout, Trudy A., Lin, Fang-Tsyr, Perry, Stephen J., Conner, David A., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

The two widely coexpressed isoforms of β-arrestin (termed βarrestin 1 and 2) are highly similar in amino acid sequence. The β-arrestins bind phosphorylated heptahelical receptors to desensitize...

Dual modulation of cell survival and cell death by β2-adrenergic signaling in adult mouse cardiac myocytes

Zhu, Wei-Zhong, Zheng, Ming, Koch, Walter J., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Kobilka, Brian K., Xiao, Rui-Ping

The goal of this study was to determine whether β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) and β2-AR differ in regulating cardiomyocyte survival and apoptosis and, if so, to explore underlying mechanisms. One...

Activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinases by β-arrestin scaffolds

Luttrell, Louis M., Roudabush, Francine L., Choy, Eric W., Miller, William E., Field, Michael E., Pierce, Kristen L., ...

Using both confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and biochemical approaches, we have examined the role of β-arrestins in the activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2...

Cardiac βARK1 inhibition prolongs survival and augments β blocker therapy in a mouse model of severe heart failure

Harding, Victoria B., Jones, Larry R., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Koch, Walter J., Rockman, Howard A.

Chronic human heart failure is characterized by abnormalities in β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling, including increased levels of βAR kinase 1 (βARK1), which seems critical to the...

β-Arrestin1 modulates lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional activity through interaction with phosphorylated dishevelled proteins

Chen, Wei, Hu, Liaoyuan A., Semenov, Mikhail V., Yanagawa, Shinichi, Kikuchi, Akira, Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

One aspect of the function of the β-arrestins is to serve as scaffold or adapter molecules coupling G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to signal transduction pathways distinct from traditional...

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Association with Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor Potentiates Receptor Activity

Maudsley, Stuart, Zamah, A. Musa, Rahman, Nadeem, Blitzer, Jeremy T., Luttrell, Louis M., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for many cell types. The PDGF receptor (PDGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates the mitogenic effects of PDGF by binding to and/or...

Defective lymphocyte chemotaxis in β-arrestin2- and GRK6-deficient mice

Fong, Alan M., Premont, Richard T., Richardson, Ricardo M., Yu, Yen-Rei A., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Patel, Dhavalkumar D.

Lymphocyte chemotaxis is a complex process by which cells move within tissues and across barriers such as vascular endothelium and is usually stimulated by chemokines such as stromal cell-derived...

Desensitization, internalization, and signaling functions of β-arrestins demonstrated by RNA interference

Ahn, Seungkirl, Nelson, Christopher D., Garrison, Tiffany Runyan, Miller, William E., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

β-Arrestins bind to activated G protein-coupled receptor kinase-phosphorylated receptors, which leads to their desensitization with respect to G proteins, internalization via clathrin-coated pits,...

β-Arrestin-2 regulates the development of allergic asthma

Walker, Julia K.L., Fong, Alan M., Lawson, Barbara L., Savov, Jordan D., Patel, Dhavalkumar D., Schwartz, David A., ...

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is coordinated by Th2 cells in both human asthmatics and animal models of allergic asthma. Migration of Th2 cells to the lung is key to...

Independent β-arrestin 2 and G protein-mediated pathways for angiotensin II activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2

Wei, Huijun, Ahn, Seungkirl, Shenoy, Sudha K., Karnik, Sadashiva S., Hunyady, László, Luttrell, Louis M., ...

Stimulation of a mutant angiotensin type 1A receptor (DRY/AAY) with angiotensin II (Ang II) or of a wild-type receptor with an Ang II analog ([sarcosine1,Ile4,Ile8]Ang II) fails to activate classical...

Alterations in cardiac adrenergic signaling and calcium cycling differentially affect the progression of cardiomyopathy

Freeman, Kalev, Lerman, Imanuel, Kranias, Evangelia G., Bohlmeyer, Teresa, Bristow, Michael R., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

The medical treatment of chronic heart failure has undergone a dramatic transition in the past decade. Short-term approaches for altering hemodynamics have given way to long-term, reparative...

ACTH Receptors in the Adrenal: Specific Binding of ACTH-125I and Its Relation to Adenyl Cyclase

Lefkowitz, Robert J., Roth, Jesse, Pricer, William, Pastan, Ira

Pure monoiodo ACTH-125I was prepared that was biologically active and free of unlabeled ACTH. Extracts of adrenal cortex that contained ACTH-sensitive adenyl cyclase, bound ACTH-125I; extracts that...

β-Arrestin-mediated PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase recruitment regulates β-adrenoceptor switching from Gs to Gi

Baillie, George S., Sood, Arvind, McPhee, Ian, Gall, Irene, Perry, Stephen J., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

Phosphorylation of the β2 adrenoreceptor (β2AR) by cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) switches its predominant coupling from stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Gs) to inhibitory...

Affinity chromatography of human platelet α2-adrenergic receptors

Regan, John W., Barden, Nicholas, Lefkowitz, Robert J., Caron, Marc G., DeMarinis, Robert M., Krog, Arnold J., ...

Catecholamines, such as epinephrine, inhibit the enzyme adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) via a specific receptor mechanism involving α2-adrenergic receptors. In order to facilitate purification of...

Pharmacological Characterizations of Adrenergic Receptors in Human Adipocytes

Burns, Thomas W., Langley, Paul E., Terry, Boyd E., Bylund, David B., Hoffman, Brian B., Tharp, Michael D., ...

Three types of adrenergic receptors, beta, alpha-1, and alpha-2, were identified in human adipocytes, isolated from properitoneal adipose tissue, using both the binding of radioactive ligands and the...

Identification of α-Adrenergic Receptors in Human Platelets by [3H]Dihydroergocryptine Binding

Newman, Kurt D., Williams, Lewis T., Bishopric, N. Hahr, Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Binding of [3H]dihydroergocryptine to platelet lysates appears to have all the characteristics of binding to α-adrenergic receptors. At 25°C binding reaches equilibrium within 20 min and is...

Antibodies raised against purified β-adrenergic receptors specifically bind β-adrenergic ligands

Caron, Marc G., Srinivasan, Yogambal, Snyderman, Ralph, Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Antibodies raised against purified β-adrenergic receptors themselves specifically bind β-adrenergic ligands. Digitonin-solubilized frog (Rana pipiens) erythrocyte β-adrenergic receptors, purified...

A Fraction of the Ventricular Myocardium That Has the Specificity of the Cardiac Beta-Adrenergic Receptor

Lefkowitz, Robert J., Haber, Edgar

The 78,000 × g microsomal fraction of canine ventricular myocardium effected a 20-fold concentration of [3H]norepinephrine from a 10-9 M solution. The [3H]norepinephrine bound was displaced by...

Identification of the Cardiac Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Protein: Solubilization and Purification by Affinity Chromatography

Lefkowitz, Robert J., Haber, Edgar, O'Hara, Donald

A protein that binds catecholamines with a specificity parallel to that of their in vivo effects on cardiac contractility (isoproterenol > epinephrine or norepinephrine > dopamine >...

Anti–β1-adrenergic receptor antibodies and heart failure: causation, not just correlation

Freedman, Neil J., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Antibodies specific for the β1-adrenergic receptor are found in patients with chronic heart failure of various etiologies. From work presented in this issue of the JCI, we can now infer that these...

Enhancement of cardiac function after adenoviral-mediated in vivo intracoronary β2-adrenergic receptor gene delivery

Maurice, John P., Hata, Jonathan A., Shah, Ashish S., White, David C., McDonald, Patricia H., Dolber, Paul C., ...

Exogenous gene delivery to alter the function of the heart is a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF). Before gene therapy...

Agonist-induced increase in apparent β-adrenergic receptor size

Limbird, Lee E., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

The properties of digitonin-solubilized β-adrenergic receptors from frog erythrocyte membranes were studied by gel exclusion chromatography on AcA 34 Ultragel. β-Adrenergic receptor binding...

β-Arrestin inhibits NF-κB activity by means of its interaction with the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα

Witherow, D. Scott, Garrison, Tiffany Runyan, Miller, William E., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

In addition to their roles in desensitization and signaling of seven-membrane-spanning receptors, β-arrestins have been more recently implicated in regulating non-seven-membrane-spanning receptor...

In Vitro Desensitization of Beta Adrenergic Receptors in Human Neutrophils. ATTENUATION BY CORTICOSTEROIDS

Davies, Albert O., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

The receptor alterations involved in catecholamine-induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase in human neutrophils have been investigated as has the ability of hydrocortisone to modify such...

The kinase Grk2 regulates Nedd4/Nedd4-2-dependent control of epithelial Na+ channels

Dinudom, Anuwat, Fotia, Andrew B., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Young, John A., Kumar, Sharad, Cook, David I.

Epithelial Na+ channels mediate the transport of Na across epithelia in the kidney, gut, and lungs and are required for blood pressure regulation. They are inhibited by ubiquitin protein ligases,...

β-Arrestin-1 Competitively Inhibits Insulin-Induced Ubiquitination and Degradation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1

Usui, Isao, Imamura, Takeshi, Huang, Jie, Satoh, Hiroaki, Shenoy, Sudha K., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

β-Arrestin-1 is an adaptor protein that mediates agonist-dependent internalization and desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and also participates in the process of heterologous...

Functional antagonism of different G protein-coupled receptor kinases for β-arrestin-mediated angiotensin II receptor signaling

Kim, Jihee, Ahn, Seungkirl, Ren, Xiu-Rong, Whalen, Erin J., Reiter, Eric, Wei, Huijun, ...

β-arrestins bind to G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-phosphorylated seven transmembrane receptors, desensitizing their activation of G proteins, while concurrently mediating receptor...

Different G protein-coupled receptor kinases govern G protein and β-arrestin-mediated signaling of V2 vasopressin receptor

Ren, Xiu-Rong, Reiter, Eric, Ahn, Seungkirl, Kim, Jihee, Chen, Wei, Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Signaling through β-arrestins is a recently appreciated mechanism used by seven-transmembrane receptors. Because G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) phosphorylation of such receptors is...

Multifaceted roles of beta-arrestins in the regulation of seven-membrane-spanning receptor trafficking and signalling.

Shenoy, Sudha K, Lefkowitz, Robert J

Beta-arrestins are cytosolic proteins that bind to activated and phosphorylated G-protein-coupled receptors [7MSRs (seven-membrane-spanning receptors)] and uncouple them from G-protein-mediated...

When 7 transmembrane receptors are not G protein–coupled receptors

Rajagopal, Keshava, Lefkowitz, Robert J., Rockman, Howard A.

Classically, 7 transmembrane receptors transduce extracellular signals by coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins, although recent in vitro studies have clearly demonstrated that they can also signal...

Multiple endocytic pathways of G protein-coupled receptors delineated by GIT1 sensitivity

Claing, Audrey, Perry, Stephen J., Achiriloaie, Mircea, Walker, Julia K. L., Albanesi, Joseph P., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

Recently, we identified a GTPase-activating protein for the ADP ribosylation factor family of small GTP-binding proteins that we call GIT1. This protein initially was identified as an interacting...

Receptor and Gβγ isoform-specific interactions with G protein-coupled receptor kinases

Daaka, Yehia, Pitcher, Julie A., Richardson, Mark, Stoffel, Robert H., Robishaw, Janet D., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) phosphorylate and desensitize agonist-occupied GPCRs. GRK2-mediated receptor phosphorylation is preceded by the agonist-dependent membrane...

A C-terminal motif found in the β2-adrenergic receptor, P2Y1 receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator determines binding to the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor family of PDZ proteins

Hall, Randy A., Ostedgaard, Lynda S., Premont, Richard T., Blitzer, Jeremy T., Rahman, Nadeem, Welsh, Michael J., ...

The Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) binds to the tail of the β2-adrenergic receptor and plays a role in adrenergic regulation of Na+/H+ exchange. NHERF contains two PDZ domains, the first...

Targeting Gβγ signaling in arterial vascular smooth muscle proliferation: A novel strategy to limit restenosis

Iaccarino, Guido, Smithwick, L. Ashley, Lefkowitz, Robert J., Koch, Walter J.

Restenosis continues to be a major problem limiting the effectiveness of revascularization procedures. To date, the roles of heterotrimeric G proteins in the triggering of pathological vascular...

Expression of a β-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibitor prevents the development of myocardial failure in gene-targeted mice

Rockman, Howard A., Chien, Kenneth R., Choi, Dong-Ju, Iaccarino, Guido, Hunter, John J., Ross, John, ...

Heart failure is accompanied by severely impaired β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) function, which includes loss of βAR density and functional uncoupling of remaining receptors. An important mechanism...

Identification of the endophilins (SH3p4/p8/p13) as novel binding partners for the β1-adrenergic receptor

Tang, Yuting, Hu, Liaoyuan A., Miller, William E., Ringstad, Niels, Hall, Randy A., Pitcher, Julie A., ...

Several G-protein coupled receptors, such as the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR), contain polyproline motifs within their intracellular domains. Such motifs in other proteins are known to mediate...

Restoration of β-adrenergic signaling in failing cardiac ventricular myocytes via adenoviral-mediated gene transfer

Akhter, Shahab A., Skaer, Christine A., Kypson, Alan P., McDonald, Patricia H., Peppel, Karsten C., Glower, Donald D., ...

Cardiovascular gene therapy is a novel approach to the treatment of diseases such as congestive heart failure (CHF). Gene transfer to the heart would allow for the replacement of defective or missing...

β2-Adrenergic receptor regulation by GIT1, a G protein-coupled receptor kinase-associated ADP ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein

Premont, Richard T., Claing, Audrey, Vitale, Nicolas, Freeman, Jennifer L. R., Pitcher, Julie A., Patton, Walter A., ...

G protein-coupled receptor activation leads to the membrane recruitment and activation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases, which phosphorylate receptors and lead to their inactivation. We have...

Preservation of myocardial β-adrenergic receptor signaling delays the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction

White, David C., Hata, Jonathan A., Shah, Ashish S., Glower, Donald D., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Koch, Walter J.

When the heart fails, there is often a constellation of biochemical alterations of the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling system, leading to the loss of cardiac inotropic reserve. βAR...

Role of endocytosis in the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade by sequestering and nonsequestering G protein-coupled receptors

Pierce, Kristen L., Maudsley, Stuart, Daaka, Yehia, Luttrell, Louis M., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Acting through a number of distinct pathways, many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade....

β-Arrestin 1 and 2 differentially regulate heptahelical receptor signaling and trafficking

Kohout, Trudy A., Lin, Fang-Tsyr, Perry, Stephen J., Conner, David A., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

The two widely coexpressed isoforms of β-arrestin (termed βarrestin 1 and 2) are highly similar in amino acid sequence. The β-arrestins bind phosphorylated heptahelical receptors to desensitize...

Dual modulation of cell survival and cell death by β2-adrenergic signaling in adult mouse cardiac myocytes

Zhu, Wei-Zhong, Zheng, Ming, Koch, Walter J., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Kobilka, Brian K., Xiao, Rui-Ping

The goal of this study was to determine whether β1-adrenergic receptor (AR) and β2-AR differ in regulating cardiomyocyte survival and apoptosis and, if so, to explore underlying mechanisms. One...

Activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinases by β-arrestin scaffolds

Luttrell, Louis M., Roudabush, Francine L., Choy, Eric W., Miller, William E., Field, Michael E., Pierce, Kristen L., ...

Using both confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and biochemical approaches, we have examined the role of β-arrestins in the activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2...

Cardiac βARK1 inhibition prolongs survival and augments β blocker therapy in a mouse model of severe heart failure

Harding, Victoria B., Jones, Larry R., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Koch, Walter J., Rockman, Howard A.

Chronic human heart failure is characterized by abnormalities in β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling, including increased levels of βAR kinase 1 (βARK1), which seems critical to the...

β-Arrestin1 modulates lymphoid enhancer factor transcriptional activity through interaction with phosphorylated dishevelled proteins

Chen, Wei, Hu, Liaoyuan A., Semenov, Mikhail V., Yanagawa, Shinichi, Kikuchi, Akira, Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

One aspect of the function of the β-arrestins is to serve as scaffold or adapter molecules coupling G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to signal transduction pathways distinct from traditional...

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Association with Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor Potentiates Receptor Activity

Maudsley, Stuart, Zamah, A. Musa, Rahman, Nadeem, Blitzer, Jeremy T., Luttrell, Louis M., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for many cell types. The PDGF receptor (PDGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that mediates the mitogenic effects of PDGF by binding to and/or...

Defective lymphocyte chemotaxis in β-arrestin2- and GRK6-deficient mice

Fong, Alan M., Premont, Richard T., Richardson, Ricardo M., Yu, Yen-Rei A., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Patel, Dhavalkumar D.

Lymphocyte chemotaxis is a complex process by which cells move within tissues and across barriers such as vascular endothelium and is usually stimulated by chemokines such as stromal cell-derived...

Desensitization, internalization, and signaling functions of β-arrestins demonstrated by RNA interference

Ahn, Seungkirl, Nelson, Christopher D., Garrison, Tiffany Runyan, Miller, William E., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

β-Arrestins bind to activated G protein-coupled receptor kinase-phosphorylated receptors, which leads to their desensitization with respect to G proteins, internalization via clathrin-coated pits,...

β-Arrestin-2 regulates the development of allergic asthma

Walker, Julia K.L., Fong, Alan M., Lawson, Barbara L., Savov, Jordan D., Patel, Dhavalkumar D., Schwartz, David A., ...

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that is coordinated by Th2 cells in both human asthmatics and animal models of allergic asthma. Migration of Th2 cells to the lung is key to...

Independent β-arrestin 2 and G protein-mediated pathways for angiotensin II activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2

Wei, Huijun, Ahn, Seungkirl, Shenoy, Sudha K., Karnik, Sadashiva S., Hunyady, László, Luttrell, Louis M., ...

Stimulation of a mutant angiotensin type 1A receptor (DRY/AAY) with angiotensin II (Ang II) or of a wild-type receptor with an Ang II analog ([sarcosine1,Ile4,Ile8]Ang II) fails to activate classical...

Alterations in cardiac adrenergic signaling and calcium cycling differentially affect the progression of cardiomyopathy

Freeman, Kalev, Lerman, Imanuel, Kranias, Evangelia G., Bohlmeyer, Teresa, Bristow, Michael R., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

The medical treatment of chronic heart failure has undergone a dramatic transition in the past decade. Short-term approaches for altering hemodynamics have given way to long-term, reparative...

ACTH Receptors in the Adrenal: Specific Binding of ACTH-125I and Its Relation to Adenyl Cyclase

Lefkowitz, Robert J., Roth, Jesse, Pricer, William, Pastan, Ira

Pure monoiodo ACTH-125I was prepared that was biologically active and free of unlabeled ACTH. Extracts of adrenal cortex that contained ACTH-sensitive adenyl cyclase, bound ACTH-125I; extracts that...

β-Arrestin-mediated PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase recruitment regulates β-adrenoceptor switching from Gs to Gi

Baillie, George S., Sood, Arvind, McPhee, Ian, Gall, Irene, Perry, Stephen J., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

Phosphorylation of the β2 adrenoreceptor (β2AR) by cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) switches its predominant coupling from stimulatory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (Gs) to inhibitory...

Affinity chromatography of human platelet α2-adrenergic receptors

Regan, John W., Barden, Nicholas, Lefkowitz, Robert J., Caron, Marc G., DeMarinis, Robert M., Krog, Arnold J., ...

Catecholamines, such as epinephrine, inhibit the enzyme adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) via a specific receptor mechanism involving α2-adrenergic receptors. In order to facilitate purification of...

Pharmacological Characterizations of Adrenergic Receptors in Human Adipocytes

Burns, Thomas W., Langley, Paul E., Terry, Boyd E., Bylund, David B., Hoffman, Brian B., Tharp, Michael D., ...

Three types of adrenergic receptors, beta, alpha-1, and alpha-2, were identified in human adipocytes, isolated from properitoneal adipose tissue, using both the binding of radioactive ligands and the...

Identification of α-Adrenergic Receptors in Human Platelets by [3H]Dihydroergocryptine Binding

Newman, Kurt D., Williams, Lewis T., Bishopric, N. Hahr, Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Binding of [3H]dihydroergocryptine to platelet lysates appears to have all the characteristics of binding to α-adrenergic receptors. At 25°C binding reaches equilibrium within 20 min and is...

Antibodies raised against purified β-adrenergic receptors specifically bind β-adrenergic ligands

Caron, Marc G., Srinivasan, Yogambal, Snyderman, Ralph, Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Antibodies raised against purified β-adrenergic receptors themselves specifically bind β-adrenergic ligands. Digitonin-solubilized frog (Rana pipiens) erythrocyte β-adrenergic receptors, purified...

A Fraction of the Ventricular Myocardium That Has the Specificity of the Cardiac Beta-Adrenergic Receptor

Lefkowitz, Robert J., Haber, Edgar

The 78,000 × g microsomal fraction of canine ventricular myocardium effected a 20-fold concentration of [3H]norepinephrine from a 10-9 M solution. The [3H]norepinephrine bound was displaced by...

Identification of the Cardiac Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Protein: Solubilization and Purification by Affinity Chromatography

Lefkowitz, Robert J., Haber, Edgar, O'Hara, Donald

A protein that binds catecholamines with a specificity parallel to that of their in vivo effects on cardiac contractility (isoproterenol > epinephrine or norepinephrine > dopamine >...

Anti–β1-adrenergic receptor antibodies and heart failure: causation, not just correlation

Freedman, Neil J., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Antibodies specific for the β1-adrenergic receptor are found in patients with chronic heart failure of various etiologies. From work presented in this issue of the JCI, we can now infer that these...

Enhancement of cardiac function after adenoviral-mediated in vivo intracoronary β2-adrenergic receptor gene delivery

Maurice, John P., Hata, Jonathan A., Shah, Ashish S., White, David C., McDonald, Patricia H., Dolber, Paul C., ...

Exogenous gene delivery to alter the function of the heart is a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF). Before gene therapy...

Agonist-induced increase in apparent β-adrenergic receptor size

Limbird, Lee E., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

The properties of digitonin-solubilized β-adrenergic receptors from frog erythrocyte membranes were studied by gel exclusion chromatography on AcA 34 Ultragel. β-Adrenergic receptor binding...

β-Arrestin inhibits NF-κB activity by means of its interaction with the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα

Witherow, D. Scott, Garrison, Tiffany Runyan, Miller, William E., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

In addition to their roles in desensitization and signaling of seven-membrane-spanning receptors, β-arrestins have been more recently implicated in regulating non-seven-membrane-spanning receptor...

In Vitro Desensitization of Beta Adrenergic Receptors in Human Neutrophils. ATTENUATION BY CORTICOSTEROIDS

Davies, Albert O., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

The receptor alterations involved in catecholamine-induced desensitization of adenylate cyclase in human neutrophils have been investigated as has the ability of hydrocortisone to modify such...

The kinase Grk2 regulates Nedd4/Nedd4-2-dependent control of epithelial Na+ channels

Dinudom, Anuwat, Fotia, Andrew B., Lefkowitz, Robert J., Young, John A., Kumar, Sharad, Cook, David I.

Epithelial Na+ channels mediate the transport of Na across epithelia in the kidney, gut, and lungs and are required for blood pressure regulation. They are inhibited by ubiquitin protein ligases,...

β-Arrestin-1 Competitively Inhibits Insulin-Induced Ubiquitination and Degradation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1

Usui, Isao, Imamura, Takeshi, Huang, Jie, Satoh, Hiroaki, Shenoy, Sudha K., Lefkowitz, Robert J., ...

β-Arrestin-1 is an adaptor protein that mediates agonist-dependent internalization and desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and also participates in the process of heterologous...

Functional antagonism of different G protein-coupled receptor kinases for β-arrestin-mediated angiotensin II receptor signaling

Kim, Jihee, Ahn, Seungkirl, Ren, Xiu-Rong, Whalen, Erin J., Reiter, Eric, Wei, Huijun, ...

β-arrestins bind to G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)-phosphorylated seven transmembrane receptors, desensitizing their activation of G proteins, while concurrently mediating receptor...

Different G protein-coupled receptor kinases govern G protein and β-arrestin-mediated signaling of V2 vasopressin receptor

Ren, Xiu-Rong, Reiter, Eric, Ahn, Seungkirl, Kim, Jihee, Chen, Wei, Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Signaling through β-arrestins is a recently appreciated mechanism used by seven-transmembrane receptors. Because G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) phosphorylation of such receptors is...

Multifaceted roles of beta-arrestins in the regulation of seven-membrane-spanning receptor trafficking and signalling.

Shenoy, Sudha K, Lefkowitz, Robert J

Beta-arrestins are cytosolic proteins that bind to activated and phosphorylated G-protein-coupled receptors [7MSRs (seven-membrane-spanning receptors)] and uncouple them from G-protein-mediated...

When 7 transmembrane receptors are not G protein–coupled receptors

Rajagopal, Keshava, Lefkowitz, Robert J., Rockman, Howard A.

Classically, 7 transmembrane receptors transduce extracellular signals by coupling to heterotrimeric G proteins, although recent in vitro studies have clearly demonstrated that they can also signal...

Smoothened Signal Transduction Is Promoted by G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2▿

Meloni, Alison R., Fralish, Gregory B., Kelly, Patrick, Salahpour, Ali, Chen, James K., Wechsler-Reya, Robert J., ...

Deregulation of the Sonic hedgehog pathway has been implicated in an increasing number of human cancers. In this pathway, the seven-transmembrane (7TM) signaling protein Smoothened regulates cellular...

β-Arrestin2-mediated inotropic effects of the angiotensin II type 1A receptor in isolated cardiac myocytes

Rajagopal, Keshava, Whalen, Erin J., Violin, Jonathan D., Stiber, Jonathan A., Rosenberg, Paul B., Premont, Richard T., ...

The G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins, families of molecules essential to the desensitization of G protein-dependent signaling via seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), have...

β-Arrestin–mediated β1-adrenergic receptor transactivation of the EGFR confers cardioprotection

Noma, Takahisa, Lemaire, Anthony, Naga Prasad, Sathyamangla V., Barki-Harrington, Liza, Tilley, Douglas G., Chen, Juhsien, ...

Deleterious effects on the heart from chronic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (βARs), members of the 7 transmembrane receptor family, have classically been shown to result from Gs-dependent...

G-protein receptor kinase 3 (GRK3) influences opioid analgesic tolerance but not opioid withdrawal

Terman, Gregory W, Jin, Wenzhen, Cheong, Young-Pyo, Lowe, Janet, Caron, Marc G, Lefkowitz, Robert J, ...

Tolerance to opioids frequently follows repeated drug administration and affects the clinical utility of these analgesics. Studies in simple cellular systems have demonstrated that prolonged...

Functional specialization of β-arrestin interactions revealed by proteomic analysis

Xiao, Kunhong, McClatchy, Daniel B., Shukla, Arun K., Zhao, Yang, Chen, Minyong, Shenoy, Sudha K., ...

β-arrestins are cytosolic proteins that form complexes with seven-transmembrane receptors after agonist stimulation and phosphorylation by the G protein-coupled receptor kinases. They play an...

The annual ASCI meeting: does nostalgia have a future?

Lefkowitz, Robert J.

For many academic physician-scientists, the yearly Tri-Societies meeting of the ASCI, AAP, and AFCR during the 1960s, ’70s, and ’80s was an annual rite of spring and the focal point of the...

A unique mechanism of β-blocker action: Carvedilol stimulates β-arrestin signaling

Wisler, James W., DeWire, Scott M., Whalen, Erin J., Violin, Jonathan D., Drake, Matthew T., Ahn, Seungkirl, ...

For many years, β-adrenergic receptor antagonists (β-blockers or βAR antagonists) have provided significant morbidity and mortality benefits in patients who have sustained acute myocardial...

Distinct conformational changes in β-arrestin report biased agonism at seven-transmembrane receptors

Shukla, Arun K., Violin, Jonathan D., Whalen, Erin J., Gesty-Palmer, Diane, Shenoy, Sudha K., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

β-arrestins critically regulate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs), both by inhibiting classical G protein signaling and by initiating distinct...

β-Arrestin-2 Mediates Anti-apoptotic Signaling through Regulation of BAD Phosphorylation*S⃞

Ahn, Seungkirl, Kim, Jihee, Hara, Makoto R., Ren, Xiu-Rong, Lefkowitz, Robert J.

β-Arrestins, originally discovered as terminators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling, have more recently been appreciated to also function as signal transducers in their own right, although the...

β-Arrestin-mediated Signaling Regulates Protein Synthesis*S⃞

DeWire, Scott M., Kim, Jihee, Whalen, Erin J., Ahn, Seungkirl, Chen, Minyong, Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Seven transmembrane receptors (7TMRs) exert strong regulatory influences on virtually all physiological processes. Although it is historically assumed that heterotrimeric G proteins mediate these...

Independent β-Arrestin2 and Gq/Protein Kinase Cζ Pathways for ERK Stimulated by Angiotensin Type 1A Receptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Converge on Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor*

Kim, Jihee, Ahn, Seungkirl, Rajagopal, Keshava, Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Recent studies in receptor-transfected cell lines have demonstrated that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation by angiotensin type 1A receptor and other G protein-coupled receptors...

β-Arrestin1 mediates nicotinic acid–induced flushing, but not its antilipolytic effect, in mice

Walters, Robert W., Shukla, Arun K., Kovacs, Jeffrey J., Violin, Jonathan D., DeWire, Scott M., Lam, Christopher M., ...

Nicotinic acid is one of the most effective agents for both lowering triglycerides and raising HDL. However, the side effect of cutaneous flushing severely limits patient compliance. As nicotinic...

β-Arrestin-dependent signaling and trafficking of 7-transmembrane receptors is reciprocally regulated by the deubiquitinase USP33 and the E3 ligase Mdm2

Shenoy, Sudha K., Modi, Aalok S., Shukla, Arun K., Xiao, Kunhong, Berthouze, Magali, Ahn, Seungkirl, ...

β-Arrestins are multifunctional adaptors that mediate the desensitization, internalization, and some signaling functions of seven-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs). Agonist-stimulated ubiquitination...

Selective engagement of G protein coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) encodes distinct functions of biased ligands

Zidar, David A., Violin, Jonathan D., Whalen, Erin J., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

CCL19 and CCL21 are endogenous agonists for the seven-transmembrane receptor CCR7. They are equally active in promoting G protein stimulation and chemotaxis. Yet, we find that they result in striking...

β-Arrestin Scaffolding of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate 5-Kinase Iα Promotes Agonist-stimulated Sequestration of the β2-Adrenergic Receptor*S⃞

Nelson, Christopher D., Kovacs, Jeffery J., Nobles, Kelly N., Whalen, Erin J., Lefkowitz, Robert J.

Members of the seven-transmembrane receptor (7TMR) superfamily are sequestered from the plasma membrane following stimulation both to limit cellular responses as well as to initiate novel G...