Consumer antibacterial soaps: Effective or just risky? (2007)
Aiello, Allison E., Larson, E.L., Levy, S.B.
Peer Reviewed
Antibacterial cleaning products and drug resistance (2005)
Aiello, A.E., Marshall, B., Levy, S.B., Della-Latta, P., Larson, E.
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55419/1/Aiello A, Antibacterial cleaning products and drug resistance, 2005.pdf
Aiello, A.E., Marshall, B, Levy, S.B., Della-Latta, P, Larson, E
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55409/1/relationship between triclosan.pdf
Marshall, B, Petrowski, D, Levy, S B
The spread of wild-type Escherichia coli bearing a transferable plasmid was studied in a farm environment. E. coli of bovine and porcine origin were marked by resistance to nalidixic acid (Nar) or...
Non-Target Gene Mutations in the Development of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli
Kern, W. V., Oethinger, M., Jellen-Ritter, A. S., Levy, S. B.
Mutations in loci other than genes for the target topoisomerases of fluoroquinolones, gyrA and parC, may play a role in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. A series of...
Koutsolioutsou, Anastasia, Martins, Elizabeth A., White, D. G., Levy, S. B., Demple, Bruce
The soxRS regulon is activated by redox-cycling drugs such as paraquat and by nitric oxide. The >15 genes of this system provide resistance to both oxidants and multiple antibiotics. An association...
Goldman, J D, White, D G, Levy, S B
The multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in Escherichia coli consists of two divergently expressed operons (marC and marRAB), both of which contribute to the Mar phenotype. Overexpression of...
Identification for mar mutants among quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.
Quinolone-resistant clinical Escherichia coli isolates were examined for mutations in the marRAB operon of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus. Among 23 strains evaluated, 8 were chosen...
White, D G, Maneewannakul, K, Von Hofe, E, Zillman, M, Eisenberg, W, Field, A K, ...
The multiple antibiotic resistance operon (marORAB) in Escherichia coli controls intrinsic susceptibility and resistance to multiple, structurally different antibiotics and other noxious agents. A...
Moken, M C, McMurry, L M, Levy, S B
Mutants of Escherichia coli selected for resistance to the disinfectant pine oil or to a household product containing pine oil also showed resistance to multiple antibiotics (tetracycline,...
Endogenous active efflux of norfloxacin in susceptible Escherichia coli.
Cohen, S P, Hooper, D C, Wolfson, J S, Souza, K S, McMurry, L M, Levy, S B
Escherichia coli was shown to have an energy-dependent reduced uptake of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent norfloxacin. Studies of everted inner membrane vesicles suggested that this reduced...
Cohen, S P, McMurry, L M, Hooper, D C, Wolfson, J S, Levy, S B
Chromosomal multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants of Escherichia coli, selected on agar containing low concentrations of tetracycline or chloramphenicol, were 6- to 18-fold less susceptible to...
Nomenclature for tetracycline resistance determinants.
Levy, S B, McMurry, L M, Burdett, V, Courvalin, P, Hillen, W, Roberts, M C, ...
Tetracycline resistance determinants are widespread and distinguishable genetically and biochemically. The nomenclature for this increasing number of determinants has been varied and inconsistent....
McMurry, L M, Park, B H, Burdett, V, Levy, S B
The class L (TetL) tetracycline resistance determinant from streptococci specified resistance and an energy-dependent decreased accumulation of tetracycline in both Streptococcus faecalis and...
Park, B H, Hendricks, M, Malamy, M H, Tally, F P, Levy, S B
Escherichia coli bearing a cryptic tetracycline resistance determinant from Bacteroides fragilis expressed low-level constitutive resistance to tetracycline under aerobic, but not anaerobic, growth...
Escherichia coli containing the cryptic tetracycline resistance determinant (class F) from the Bacteroides fragilis transposon Tn4400 on plasmid pGAT400 expressed a detoxification of tetracycline as...
High frequency of antimicrobial resistance in human fecal flora.
Levy, S B, Marshall, B, Schluederberg, S, Rowse, D, Davis, J
The frequency of resistance to seven different antimicrobial agents was examined in the aerobic gram-negative gut flora of over 600 individuals from hospitals, from laboratories where antibiotics...
Identification of new genes regulated by the marRAB operon in Escherichia coli.
Random TnphoA and TnlacZ translational fusions were introduced into an Escherichia coli strain with a deletion of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus, complemented in trans by a...
The marRAB operon is one of two operons in the mar locus of Escherichia coli that are divergently transcribed from a central regulatory region, marO. The marRAB operon, transcribed from marOII,...
White, D G, Goldman, J D, Demple, B, Levy, S B
Escherichia coli K-12 strains are normally tolerant to n-hexane and susceptible to cyclohexane. Constitutive expression of marA of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus or of the soxS or...
Kennan, R M, McMurry, L M, Levy, S B, Rood, J I
The tetA(P) gene from Clostridium perfringens encodes a unique membrane protein that is responsible for the active efflux of tetracycline from resistant cells. The novel TetA(P) protein has neither...
McMurry, L M, Hendricks, M, Levy, S B
Resistance to tetracycline (Tcr) mediated by Tn10 and related Tcr determinants involves an inner membrane protein, TET (similar but not identical for different determinants), and a proton motive...
Active uptake of tetracycline by membrane vesicles from susceptible Escherichia coli.
McMurry, L M, Cullinane, J C, Petrucci, R E, Levy, S B
A major portion of tetracycline accumulation by susceptible bacterial cells is energy dependent. Inner membrane vesicles prepared from susceptible Escherichia coli cells concentrated tetracycline 2.5...
Schneiders, T., Amyes, S. G. B., Levy, S. B.
The MICs of ciprofloxacin for 33 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins from three hospitals in Singapore ranged from 0.25 to >128 μg/ml. Nineteen of the...
Susceptible Escherichia coli cells can actively excrete tetracyclines.
McMurry, L M, Aronson, D A, Levy, S B
Escherichia coli shows severalfold less susceptibility to tetracyclines when grown in enriched medium than in minimal medium. Transport studies with cells harvested from these media showed different...
Frequency of tetracycline resistance determinant classes among lactose-fermenting coliforms.
Marshall, B, Tachibana, C, Levy, S B
Using colony hybridization techniques and DNA probes derived from four distinct tetracycline resistance determinants, we have examined the frequency of these determinants among 225 lactose-fermenting...
McMurry, L M, Cullinane, J C, Levy, S B
Plasmids which specify resistance to tetracycline offer much less resistance to its more lipophilic analog, minocycline. Resistance to minocycline varies for different plasmids. In the case of...
Summers, A O, Wireman, J, Vimy, M J, Lorscheider, F L, Marshall, B, Levy, S B, ...
In a survey of 640 human subjects, a subgroup of 356 persons without recent exposure to antibiotics demonstrated that those with a high prevalence of Hg resistance in their intestinal floras were...
Hansen, L M, McMurry, L M, Levy, S B, Hirsh, D C
The tetracycline resistance determinant on plasmid pVM111 from an avian strain of Pasteurella multocida mediates tetracycline resistance by a regulated active efflux mechanism. DNA coding for the...
Cohen, S P, Hächler, H, Levy, S B
A 7.8-kbp fragment of chromosomal DNA from a region controlling multiple antibiotic resistance (Mar) in Escherichia coli has been sequenced. Within the fragment is a potential divergent promoter...
Marshall, B, Flynn, P, Kamely, D, Levy, S B
The survival of a laboratory strain and a naturally occurring fecal strain of Escherichia coli, with and without a Tn5-containing derivative of ColE1, was examined after aerosol dispersal in a...
DePaola, A, Flynn, P A, McPhearson, R M, Levy, S B
Oxytetracycline-resistant (OTcr) and tetracycline-resistant (Tcr) Aeromonas hydrophila were isolated commonly from catfish intestinal contents and the water and sediment of catfish culture ponds, but...
Compeau, G, Al-Achi, B J, Platsouka, E, Levy, S B
The fate of spontaneous chromosomal rifampin-resistant (Rifr) mutants of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens in sterile and live organic soil from which they were isolated was studied. In...
Ariza, R R, Cohen, S P, Bachhawat, N, Levy, S B, Demple, B
Resistance to multiple antibiotics and certain oxidative stress compounds was conferred by three independently selected mutations (marR1, soxQ1, and cfxB1) that mapped to 34 min on the Escherichia...
Cohen, S P, Levy, S B, Foulds, J, Rosner, J L
Since the growth of wild-type Escherichia coli in salicylate results in a multiple antibiotic resistance phenotype similar to that of constitutive mutants (Mar) of the chromosomal mar locus, the...
Multiple antibiotic susceptibility associated with inactivation of the prc gene.
Seoane, A, Sabbaj, A, McMurry, L M, Levy, S B
A Tn5 insertion which led to increased susceptibility to multiple drugs, including tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, spectinomycin, norfloxacin, and novobiocin, was...
McMurry, L M, Stephan, M, Levy, S B
The aspartate 15 residue within the first predicted intramembrane helix of the tetracycline efflux protein Tet has been conserved in four tetracycline resistance determinants from gram-negative...
Both domains, alpha and beta, of the cytoplasmic membrane-localized Tet proteins encoded by the tet gene family (classes A through E) are required for resistance to tetracycline (Tcr) in...
Hächler, H, Cohen, S P, Levy, S B
Stable chromosomal multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants of Escherichia coli, derived by exposing susceptible cells to low concentrations of tetracycline or chloramphenicol, express...
Inner membrane Tet proteins encoded by tet genes in gram-negative bacteria mediate resistance to tetracycline (Tcr) by directing its export. Total sequences for class A, B, and C tet genes...
Evidence that TET protein functions as a multimer in the inner membrane of Escherichia coli.
The inner membrane TET (TetA) protein, which is involved in Tn10-mediated microbial tetracycline resistance, consists of two domains, alpha and beta, both of which are needed for tetracycline...
Cohen, S P, McMurry, L M, Levy, S B
Mar (multiple antibiotic resistant) mutants of Escherichia coli express chromosomally mediated resistance to a variety of structurally unrelated hydrophilic and hydrophobic antibiotics. Insertion of...
Heuer, C, Hickman, R K, Curiale, M S, Hillen, W, Levy, S B
The Tn10-like constitutively expressed tetracycline resistance determinant from a Haemophilus parainfluenzae strain was cloned in Escherichia coli. Toxicity resulting from expression on multicopy...
A Tn5 insertional mutation on the Escherichia coli chromosome which caused a severalfold increase in susceptibility to structurally and functionally diverse antibiotics was found to map within the...
Rashtchian, A, Brown, S W, Reichler, J, Levy, S B
The role of plasmid replication in the segregation of plasmids into Escherichia coli minicells was investigated with temperature-sensitive replication mutants derived from E. coli plasmids ColE1 and...
Transposon Tn10-like tetracycline resistance determinants in Haemophilus parainfluenzae.
Levy, S B, Buu-Hoi, A, Marshall, B
Tetracycline resistance (Tcr) determinants from three different strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae expressed 10-fold higher levels of resistance when mated into Escherichia coli. No plasmid was...
Intracistronic complementation of the tetracycline resistance membrane protein of Tn10.
Curiale, M S, McMurry, L M, Levy, S B
The structural gene region for tetracycline resistance on Tn10 consists of two complementation groups, tetA and tetB (M. S. Curiale and S. B. Levy, J. Bacteriol. 151:209-215, 1982). Using a series of...
traJ independence in expression of traT on F.
Rashtchian, A, Crooks, J H, Levy, S B
Studies of F plasmids in the same cell as a transfer-repressed IncFII R plasmid showed a 100 to 1,000-fold decrease in transfer and a 75-fold decrease in surface exclusion, but no detectable change...
Two complementation groups mediate tetracycline resistance determined by Tn10.
The structural and regulatory tetracycline resistance genes of transposon Tn10 are located on a 2,700-base pair HpaI fragment. We have used eight tetracycline-sensitive mutations in the 2,700-base...
Rolland, R M, Hausfater, G, Marshall, B, Levy, S B
We examined three groups of wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in Amboseli National Park, Kenya, to determine the prevalence of aerobic antibiotic-resistant fecal bacteria in nonhuman primates with...
McMurry, L M, George, A M, Levy, S B
The multiple-antibiotic resistance (mar) locus (min 34) regulates a resistance to chloramphenicol in Escherichia coli that does not involve acetyltransferase. Transport studies showed that wild-type...
MRB, a major R222 plasmid-encoded protein previously described by us, is synthesized in large amounts in host Escherichia coli cells, where it is located principally in the outer membrane. Most of...
Organizational changes in chromatin at different malignant stages of Friend erythroleukemia.
The chromatin structure of morphologically-similar, but increasingly-malignant erythroleukemia cells was investigated using milk micrococcal nuclease digestion of isolated nuclei. The maximum...
McMurry, L, Petrucci, R E, Levy, S B
Tetracycline resistance encoded by four genetically different determinants residing on plasmids in Escherichia coli was shown to be associated in each case with an energy-dependent decrease in...
Competition between congenic Escherichia coli K-12 strains in vivo.
Onderdonk, A, Marshall, B, Cisneros, R, Levy, S B
The ability of Escherichia coli to colonize the large bowels of animals is related to many factors inherent to the intestinal environment and the bacterium. The use of germfree mice eliminates the...
Levy, S B, Lilley, J J, Frigon, R P, Stone, R A
We investigated the relationship of the kallikrein-kinin system and the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of blood pressure, salt and water excretion, and renal blood flow. Normotensive and...
McMahon, G, Alsina, J L, Levy, S B
A Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease activity was detected in erythroleukemic cells undergoing differentiation in vitro in response to induction by dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO) or...
Synthesis of an R plasmid protein associated with tetracycline resistance is negatively regulated.
Yang, H L, Zubay, G, Levy, S B
Synthesis of proteins encoded by the R222 plasmid was observed in a DNA-directed cell-free system and the products were compared to those plasmid proteins synthesized in Escherichia coli minicells. A...
Very stable prokaryotic messenger RNA in chromosomeless Escherichia coli minicells.
E. coli minicells lack DNA, yet they make protein, the synthesis of which is sensitive to chloramphenicol but insensitive to rifamycin. This protein is coded for by very stable cellular mRNA with an...
Increasing levels of resistance to tetracycline and to a number of other unrelated antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, beta-lactams, puromycin, and nalidixic acid, occurred in Escherichia coli...
In Escherichia coli K-12, amplifiable resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and other unrelated antibiotics was mediated by at least four spatially separated loci. Tetracycline-sensitive...
Marshall, B, Petrowski, D, Levy, S B
The spread of wild-type Escherichia coli bearing a transferable plasmid was studied in a farm environment. E. coli of bovine and porcine origin were marked by resistance to nalidixic acid (Nar) or...
Non-Target Gene Mutations in the Development of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli
Kern, W. V., Oethinger, M., Jellen-Ritter, A. S., Levy, S. B.
Mutations in loci other than genes for the target topoisomerases of fluoroquinolones, gyrA and parC, may play a role in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. A series of...
Koutsolioutsou, Anastasia, Martins, Elizabeth A., White, D. G., Levy, S. B., Demple, Bruce
The soxRS regulon is activated by redox-cycling drugs such as paraquat and by nitric oxide. The >15 genes of this system provide resistance to both oxidants and multiple antibiotics. An association...
Goldman, J D, White, D G, Levy, S B
The multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in Escherichia coli consists of two divergently expressed operons (marC and marRAB), both of which contribute to the Mar phenotype. Overexpression of...
Identification for mar mutants among quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.
Quinolone-resistant clinical Escherichia coli isolates were examined for mutations in the marRAB operon of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus. Among 23 strains evaluated, 8 were chosen...
White, D G, Maneewannakul, K, Von Hofe, E, Zillman, M, Eisenberg, W, Field, A K, ...
The multiple antibiotic resistance operon (marORAB) in Escherichia coli controls intrinsic susceptibility and resistance to multiple, structurally different antibiotics and other noxious agents. A...
Moken, M C, McMurry, L M, Levy, S B
Mutants of Escherichia coli selected for resistance to the disinfectant pine oil or to a household product containing pine oil also showed resistance to multiple antibiotics (tetracycline,...
Endogenous active efflux of norfloxacin in susceptible Escherichia coli.
Cohen, S P, Hooper, D C, Wolfson, J S, Souza, K S, McMurry, L M, Levy, S B
Escherichia coli was shown to have an energy-dependent reduced uptake of the fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent norfloxacin. Studies of everted inner membrane vesicles suggested that this reduced...
Cohen, S P, McMurry, L M, Hooper, D C, Wolfson, J S, Levy, S B
Chromosomal multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) mutants of Escherichia coli, selected on agar containing low concentrations of tetracycline or chloramphenicol, were 6- to 18-fold less susceptible to...
Nomenclature for tetracycline resistance determinants.
Levy, S B, McMurry, L M, Burdett, V, Courvalin, P, Hillen, W, Roberts, M C, ...
Tetracycline resistance determinants are widespread and distinguishable genetically and biochemically. The nomenclature for this increasing number of determinants has been varied and inconsistent....