Soppa,J., Kobayashi,K., Noirot-Gros,M. F., Oesterhelt,D., Ehrlich,S. D., Dervyn,E., ...
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins are present in all eukaryotes and in many prokaryotes. Eukaryotic SMC proteins form complexes with various non-SMC subunits, which affect their...
Soppa, J., Kobayashi, K., Noirot-Gros, M. F., Oesterhelt, D., Ehrlich, S. D., Dervyn, E., ...
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins are present in all eukaryotes and in many prokaryotes. Eukaryotic SMC proteins form complexes with various non-SMC subunits, which affect their...
The complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis (1997)
Kunst, F., Ogasawara, N., Moszer, I., Albertini, A.M., Alloni, G., Azevedo, V., ...
Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are...
The complete genome sequence of the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. (1997)
Kunst, F, Ogasawara, N, Moszer, I, Albertini, A M, Alloni, G, Azevedo, V, ...
Bacillus subtilis is the best-characterized member of the Gram-positive bacteria. Its genome of 4,214,810 base pairs comprises 4,100 protein-coding genes. Of these protein-coding genes, 53% are...
Carbohydrate utilization in Lactobacillus sake (1996)
Lauret, R., Morel-Deville, F., Berthier, F., Champomier-Verges, M., Postma, P.W., Ehrlich, S.D., ...
Copy-choice recombination mediated by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme from Escherichia coli.
Formation of deletions by recombination between short direct repeats is thought to involve either a break-join or a copy-choice process. The key step of the latter is slippage of the replication...
A 7-base-pair sequence protects DNA from exonucleolytic degradation in Lactococcus lactis.
Biswas, I, Maguin, E, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
Linear DNA molecules are subject to degradation by various exonucleases in vivo unless their ends are protected. It has been demonstrated that a specific 8-bp sequence, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3', named Chi, can...
An ordered collection of Bacillus subtilis DNA segments cloned in yeast artificial chromosomes.
Azevedo, V, Alvarez, E, Zumstein, E, Damiani, G, Sgaramella, V, Ehrlich, S D, ...
A collection of 772 Bacillus subtilis DNA segments was obtained by cloning in yeast artificial chromosomes. The B. subtilis inserts of 288 clones were mapped by hybridization using as probes 65...
A fourth class of theta-replicating plasmids: the pAM beta 1 family from gram-positive bacteria.
Bruand, C, Le Chatelier, E, Ehrlich, S D, Jannière, L
Plasmid pAM beta 1 from Enterococcus faecalis uses a unidirectional theta mode of replication. We show here that this replication (i) is dependent on a plasmid-encoded replication protein (Rep) but...
Chi sequence protects against RecBCD degradation of DNA in vivo.
Dabert, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
RecBCD is a multifunctional enzyme involved in DNA degradation and homologous recombination. It also produces an endonucleolytic cleavage near properly oriented chi sites (5'-GCTGGTGG-3'). Plasmids...
Regulation of Expression of the Lactococcus lactis Histidine Operon
Delorme, C., Ehrlich, S. D., Renault, P.
In Lactococcus lactis, the his operon contains all the genes necessary for histidine biosynthesis. It is transcribed from a unique promoter, localized 300 bp upstream of the first gene. The region...
Use of Luciferase Genes as Biosensors To Study Bacterial Physiology in the Digestive Tract
Corthier, G., Delorme, C., Ehrlich, S. D., Renault, P.
A method based on the use of the bacterial luciferase genes was developed in order to investigate Lactococcus lactis gene expression in the mouse digestive tract. Germfree mice were monoassociated...
Le Loir, Y., Gruss, A., Ehrlich, S. D., Langella, P.
Lactococcus lactis, a gram-positive organism widely used in the food industry, is a potential candidate for the secretion of biologically useful proteins. We examined the secretion efficiency and...
In vivo analysis of the plasmid pAM beta 1 resolution system.
Jannière, L, McGovern, S, Pujol, C, Petit, M A, Ehrlich, S D
The promiscuous plasmid pAM beta 1 from Gram-positive bacteria encodes a resolution system which differs from that of Tn3 in that (i) it requires a histone-like protein and an unusual resolvase-DNA...
Essential Bacillus subtilis genes
Kobayashi, K., Ehrlich, S. D., Albertini, A., Amati, G., Andersen, K. K., Arnaud, M., ...
To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among ≈4,100 genes of the...
Goupil, N, Corthier, G, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
Diacetyl is a by-product of pyruvate metabolism in Lactococcus lactis, where pyruvate is first converted to alpha-acetolactate, which is slowly decarboxylated to diacetyl in the presence of oxygen....
Genetic manipulation of the pathway for diacetyl metabolism in Lactococcus lactis.
Swindell, S R, Benson, K H, Griffin, H G, Renault, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gasson, M J
Diacetyl is an important food flavor compound produced by certain strains of citrate-metabolizing lactic acid bacteria. Citrate is converted to pyruvate, from which diacetyl is produced via...
Molecular cloning and analysis of the ptsHI operon in Lactobacillus sake.
Stentz, R, Lauret, R, Ehrlich, S D, Morel-Deville, F, Zagorec, M
The ptsH and ptsI genes of Lactobacillus sake, encoding the general enzymes of the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS), were cloned and sequenced. HPr (88 amino acids),...
Leloup, L, Ehrlich, S D, Zagorec, M, Morel-Deville, F
Single-crossover homologous integration in Lactobacillus sake was studied. Integration was conducted with nonreplicative delivery vector pRV300. This vector is composed of a pBluescript SK- replicon...
Bower, S, Perkins, J, Yocum, R R, Serror, P, Sorokin, A, Rahaim, P, ...
The Bacillus subtilis birA gene, which regulates biotin biosynthesis, has been cloned and characterized. The birA gene maps at 202 degrees on the B. subtilis chromosome and encodes a 36,200-Da...
DNA restriction-modification systems mediate plasmid maintenance.
Kulakauskas, S, Lubys, A, Ehrlich, S D
Two plasmid-carried restriction-modification (R-M) systems, EcoRI (from pMB1 of Escherichia coli) and Bsp6I (from pXH13 of Bacillus sp. strain RFL6), enhance plasmid segregational stability in E....
Efficient insertional mutagenesis in lactococci and other gram-positive bacteria.
Maguin, E, Prévost, H, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
In lactococci, the study of chromosomal genes and their regulation is limited by the lack of an efficient transposon mutagenesis system. We associated the insertion sequence ISS1 with the...
Regulators of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in Bacillus subtilis.
Sun, G, Sharkova, E, Chesnut, R, Birkey, S, Duggan, M F, Sorokin, A, ...
Two Bacillus subtilis genes, designated resD and resE, encode proteins that are similar to those of two-component signal transduction systems and play a regulatory role in respiration. The...
Gene organization and transcription of a late-expressed region of a Lactococcus lactis phage.
Parreira, R, Valyasevi, R, Lerayer, A L, Ehrlich, S D, Chopin, M C
The lactococcal phage bIL41 belongs to the small isometric-headed phages of the 936 quasi-species and is resistant to the abortive infection determined by abiB. A 10.2-kb segment from this phage, in...
Chédin, F, Dervyn, R, Ehrlich, S D, Noirot, P
Recombination studies of bacteria are often carried out with multicopy plasmids, and recombination frequencies are often deduced from the proportion of cells in the population that express a...
Cell wall anchoring of the Streptococcus pyogenes M6 protein in various lactic acid bacteria.
Piard, J C, Hautefort, I, Fischetti, V A, Ehrlich, S D, Fons, M, Gruss, A
The M6 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes is the best-characterized member of a family of cell envelope-associated proteins. Based on the observation that the C-terminal sorting signals of these...
Characterization of Lactococcus lactis UV-sensitive mutants obtained by ISS1 transposition.
Duwat, P, Cochu, A, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
Studies of cellular responses to DNA-damaging agents, mostly in Escherichia coli, have revealed numerous genes and pathways involved in DNA repair. However, other species, particularly those which...
Dual role of alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Goupil-Feuillerat, N, Cocaign-Bousquet, M, Godon, J J, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
The alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase gene aldB is clustered with the genes for the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. It can be transcribed with BCAA genes under...
Cluzel, P J, Chopin, A, Ehrlich, S D, Chopin, M C
A 5-kb DNA fragment conferring a phage abortive infection phenotype (Abi+) has been cloned from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL416. The Abi+ determinant was subcloned on a 2-kb fragment which...
Duwat, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
Two particularly well-conserved stretches in the RecA protein sequences were chosen as templates to synthesize degenerate oligonucleotides, which were used in polymerase chain reaction to amplify an...
Le Loir, Y, Gruss, A, Ehrlich, S D, Langella, P
A system for direct screening of recombinant clones in Lactococcus lactis, based on secretion of the staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) in the organism, was developed. The nuc gene (encoding SNase) was...
Bardowski, J, Ehrlich, S D, Chopin, A
A fragment of the Lactococcus lactis chromosome containing an open reading frame of 265 codons, denoted bglR, has been characterized. The polypeptide encoded by bglR shares 36 to 30% sequence...
High-efficiency gene inactivation and replacement system for gram-positive bacteria.
Biswas, I, Gruss, A, Ehrlich, S D, Maguin, E
A system for high-efficiency single- and double-crossover homologous integration in gram-positive bacteria has been developed, with Lactococcus lactis as a model system. The system is based on a...
Gene inactivation in Lactococcus lactis: branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis.
Godon, J J, Delorme, C, Bardowski, J, Chopin, M C, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
The Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains isolated from dairy products are auxotrophs for branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), while most strains isolated from nondairy...
Gene inactivation in Lactococcus lactis: histidine biosynthesis.
Delorme, C, Godon, J J, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
Lactococcus lactis strains from dairy and nondairy sources were tested for the ability to grow in the absence of histidine. Among 60 dairy strains tested, 56 required histidine, whereas only 1 of 11...
Flanking sequences affect replication arrest at the Escherichia coli terminator TerB in vivo.
Bierne, H, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
We have analyzed the effect of flanking sequences on Tus-induced replication arrest. pBR322 plasmid derivatives which carry the Escherichia coli replication terminator TerB at different locations...
High-molecular-weight linear multimer formation by single-stranded DNA plasmids in Escherichia coli.
Dabert, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
We inserted foreign DNA segments into plasmids which replicate by a rolling-circle mechanism in Escherichia coli and observed the appearance of high-molecular-weight plasmid multimers (HMW). This...
A general method for cloning recA genes of gram-positive bacteria by polymerase chain reaction.
Duwat, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
An internal fragment of the recA gene from eight gram-positive organisms has been amplified by using degenerate primers in a polymerase chain reaction. The internal 348- or 360-bp recA DNA segments...
Biswas, I, Vagner, V, Ehrlich, S D
The efficiencies of intermolecular recombination at 12 different locations on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome were determined by transforming competent cells with a nonreplicative plasmid. The...
Mutation in the plasmid pUB110 Rep protein affects termination of rolling circle replication.
Bidnenko, V E, Gruss, A, Ehrlich, S D
We isolated a mutant of plasmid pUB110 that has the following properties in Bacillus subtilis: (i) it is toxic for recA and add cells, particularly at elevated temperature; (ii) it has a copy number...
Efficient plasmid mobilization by pIP501 in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Langella, P, Le Loir, Y, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
pIP501 is a streptococcal conjugative plasmid which can be transmitted among numerous gram-positive strains. To identify a minimal mobilization (mob) locus of pIP501, DNA fragments of pIP501 were...
Tryptophan biosynthesis genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Bardowski, J, Ehrlich, S D, Chopin, A
The Lactococcus lactis chromosomal region containing the seven structural genes required for tryptophan biosynthesis was characterized by cloning and sequencing. All of the trp genes were identified...
Histidine biosynthesis genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Delorme, C, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
The genes of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis involved in histidine biosynthesis were cloned and characterized by complementation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis mutants and DNA sequencing....
Branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Godon, J J, Chopin, M C, Ehrlich, S D
The genes for biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCDO2118 were characterized by cloning, complementation in Escherichia...
Deletion hot spots in chimeric Escherichia coli plasmids.
Michel, B, D'Alençon, E, Ehrlich, S D
Deletions form frequently in chimeric plasmids composed of M13mp2, pBR322, and pC194 (B. Michel and S. D. Ehrlich, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:3386-3390, 1986). They are generated by joining of the...
Stability of reiterated sequences in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
The instability of reiterated sequences in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome that was previously reported (M. Young, J. Gen. Microbiol. 130:1613-1621, 1984) results from the presence of a truncated...
Replication origins of single-stranded-DNA plasmid pUB110.
Boe, L, Gros, M F, Te Riele, H, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
The two replication origins of plasmid pUB110 have been characterized. The site of initiation of DNA replication at the plus origin was mapped to within an 8-base-pair sequence. DNA synthesis...
Tn10-derived transposons active in Bacillus subtilis.
Petit, M A, Bruand, C, Jannière, L, Ehrlich, S D
Small derivatives of the Escherichia coli transposon Tn10, comprising IS10 ends and a chloramphenicol resistance gene, were introduced in Bacillus subtilis on a thermosensitive plasmid, pE194. In the...
Plasmids pUB110, pC194, pE194, and pT181 are commonly used as cloning vectors in both Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. We report that insertion of foreign DNA into any of these plasmids...
Efficiency of homologous DNA recombination varies along the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
Structures consisting of a genetic marker (erythromycin or kanamycin resistance, thymidylate synthetase) flanked by 3.4-kilobase direct repeats (pBR322 sequences) were inserted in 12 different...
Uzest, M, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
Replication initiated at the bacteriophage M13 origin can be affected by interaction of a properly oriented termination signal terB and the Tus protein. The effect can be alleviated by overproduction...
Sozhamannan, S, Dabert, P, Moretto, V, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pE194 manifests a natural thermosensitivity for replication and can be established in several species, both gram positive and gram negative, thus making it attractive...
Niaudet, B, Jannière, L, Ehrlich, S D
Linear DNA molecules composed of a central region nonhomologous with the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and two flanking regions homologous with the chromosome can integrate into the chromosome,...
Functional expression of two Bacillus subtilis chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli.
Chi, N Y, Ehrlich, S D, Lederberg, J
EcoRI-cleaved deoxyribonucleic acid segments carrying two genes from Bacillus subtilis, pyr and leu, have been cloned in Escherichia coli by insertion into a derivative of the E. coli bacteriophage...
Antipairing and strand transferase activities of E. coli helicase II (UvrD).
Morel, P, Hejna, J A, Ehrlich, S D, Cassuto, E
The product of the uvrD gene of Escherichia coli, UvrD (helicase II), is known to be involved in methyl-directed mismatch repair, transposon excision and uvrABC excision repair. In conjugational...
Single-stranded plasmid DNA in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Te Riele, H, Michel, B, Ehrlich, S D
Plasmid pC194 was found to exist in a double-stranded and a single-stranded DNA form in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. This single-stranded DNA was found as a circular molecule of the...
Illegitimate recombination at the replication origin of bacteriophage M13.
Hybrids composed of phage M13 and plasmid pHV33 were used to study the formation of deletions in Escherichia coli. Eighty to ninety percent of the deletion endpoints were at the position of the nick...
Replication of plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli.
Plasmid pBR322 derives from plasmid ColE1 and does not replicate in Escherichia coli strains lacking DNA polymerase I. Hybrids between pBR322 and a plasmid isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, pC194,...
The family of highly interrelated single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids.
Many plasmids from gram-positive bacteria replicate via a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) intermediate, most probably by a rolling-circle mechanism (these plasmids are referred to in...
Copy-choice illegitimate DNA recombination revisited.
D'Alençon, E, Petranovic, M, Michel, B, Noirot, P, Aucouturier, A, Uzest, M, ...
Nearly precise excision of a transposon related to Tn10 from an Escherichia coli plasmid was used as a model to study illegitimate DNA recombination between short direct repeats. The excision was...
Active site of the replication protein of the rolling circle plasmid pC194.
Noirot-Gros, M F, Bidnenko, V, Ehrlich, S D
Mutation analysis of the rolling circle (RC) replication initiator protein RepA of plasmid pC194 was targeted to tyrosine and acidic amino acids (glutamate and aspartate) which are well conserved...
Primosome assembly site in Bacillus subtilis.
Bruand, C, Ehrlich, S D, Jannière, L
A single-strand initiation site was detected on the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAM beta 1 by its ability to prevent accumulation of single stranded DNA of a rolling circle plasmid, both in...
Replication origin of a single-stranded DNA plasmid pC194.
Gros, M F, Te Riele, H, Ehrlich, S D
The replication of the single-stranded (ss) DNA plasmid pC194 by the rolling circle mechanism was investigated using chimeric plasmids that possess two pC194 replication origins. One of the origins...
Breakage--reunion and copy choice mechanisms of recombination between short homologous sequences.
Brunier, D, Peeters, B P, Bron, S, Ehrlich, S D
To study recombination between short homologous sequences in Escherichia coli we constructed plasmids composed of the pBR322 replicon, M13 replication origin and a recombination unit inserted within...
DNA cloning in Bacillus subtilis.
A plasmid pC194, encoding resistance to chloramphenicol, can serve as a cloning vector in Bacillus subtilis 168 for other HindIII-cleaved DNA segments. Replicons constructed by linking pC194 to...
Replication and expression of plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus in Bacillus subtilis.
One S. aureus plasmid coding for tetracycline resistance, pT127, and four plasmids (pC194, pC221, pC223, and pUB112) coding for chloramphenicol resistance have been introduced by transformation into...
Ehrlich, S D, Bursztyn-Pettegrew, H, Stroynowski, I, Lederberg, J
The thymidylate synthetase gene of B. subtilis bacteriophage Phi-3-T, when cloned in plasmids pSC101 or pMB9 is expressed in E. coli. The promoter of the cloned gene is likely to originate in...
Electrophoretic separation of Bacillus subtilis genes.
Harris-Warrick, R M, Elkana, Y, Ehrlich, S D, Lederberg, J
The cleavage of Bacillus subtilis DNA by EcoR1 restriction endonuclease produced segments which retain various degrees of genetic transforming activity. The active segments analyzed thus far, range...
Bruand, C, Ehrlich, S D, Jannière, L
Numerous bacterial replicons remain poorly characterized due to difficulties in localization of the replication origin. We have circumvented this problem in the characterization and fine mapping of...
The replication termination signal terB of the Escherichia coli chromosome is a deletion hot spot.
Bierne, H, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
Hybrids composed of phage M13, plasmid pBR322 and the termination signal of Escherichia coli chromosome replication terB were used to show that arrest of DNA synthesis creates a very efficient...
Intramolecular recombination during plasmid transformation of Bacillus subtilis competent cells.
Michel, B, Niaudet, B, Ehrlich, S D
We have constructed plasmids carrying direct internal repeats 260-2000 bp long. Monomers of such plasmids transformed Bacillus subtilis competent cells. The efficiency of transformation varied with...
Rolling circle replication of single-stranded DNA plasmid pC194.
Gros, M F, Te Riele, H, Ehrlich, S D
A group of small Staphylococcus aureus/Bacillus subtilis plasmids was recently found to replicate via a circular single-stranded DNA intermediate (te Riele et al., 1986a). We show here that a 55 bp...
Transitory recombination between plasmid pHV33 and phage M13.
Plasmid pHV33 and phage M13 which have no homology exceeding 13 bp, combine in Escherichia coli cells. The chimeric genome is encapsidated in phage proteins and injected into a recipient cell, where...
Induction of DNA amplification in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
Petit, M A, Mesas, J M, Noirot, P, Morel-Deville, F, Ehrlich, S D
A system allowing the induction of DNA amplification in Bacillus subtilis was developed, based on a thermosensitive plasmid, pE194, stably integrated in the bacterial chromosome. An amplification...
DNA transcription and repressor binding affect deletion formation in Escherichia coli plasmids.
Vilette, D, Uzest, M, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
Chimeric plasmids containing phage M13 and plasmid pBR322 sequences undergo deletions in Escherichia coli with a high frequency. In all plasmids one deletion endpoint is the M13 replication origin...
Replication functions of pC194 are necessary for efficient plasmid transduction by M13 phage.
Dagert, M, Jones, I, Goze, A, Romac, S, Niaudet, B, Ehrlich, S D
Escherichia coli plasmids pBR313 and pBR322 were transduced by phage M13 with low efficiency (10(-8) transductants/phage). Hybrid plasmids pHV12 or pHV33, composed of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid...
Genes involved in transitory recombination between phage M13 and plasmid pHV33.
Plasmid pHV33 and phage M13 combine in Escherichia coli cells to form a chimera, which decombines to regenerate two parental genomes. Combination can occur via two genetic pathways, one defined by...
Recombination efficiency between transforming and resident plasmids was 100 times higher in Bacillus subtilis protoplasts than in Escherichia coli competent cells. In both systems it varied with the...
Are single-stranded circles intermediates in plasmid DNA replication?
Te Riele, H, Michel, B, Ehrlich, S D
Plasmid pC194 exists as circular double-stranded and single-stranded DNA in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. We report here that the plasmid pHV33, composed of pBR322 and pC194, exists as...
Hybrids between plasmids pC194, pBR322 and the bacteriophage f1 undergo deletions in Escherichia coli. The deletions end most often between nucleotides 1445 and 1446 of pC194. That site probably...
DNA double-strand breaks caused by replication arrest.
Michel, B, Ehrlich, S D, Uzest, M
We report here that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) form in Escherichia coli upon arrest of replication forks due to a defect in, or the inhibition of, replicative DNA helicases. The formation of...
Deletions at stalled replication forks occur by two different pathways.
Bierne, H, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
Replication blockage induces non-homologous deletions in Escherichia coli. The mechanism of the formation of these deletions was investigated. A pBR322-mini-oriC hybrid plasmid carrying two E. coli...
Carbohydrate Utilization in Lactobacillus sake
Lauret, R., Morel-Deville, F., Berthier, F., Champomier-Verges, M., Postma, P., Ehrlich, S. D., ...
The ability of Lactobacillus sake to use various carbon sources was investigated. For this purpose we developed a chemically defined medium allowing growth of L. sake and some related lactobacilli....
Savić, D J, Romac, S P, Ehrlich, S D
In this work, the previously described inversion in the lactose region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome (D. J. Savić, J. Bacteriol. 140:311-319, 1979) is analyzed in greater detail. The...
Noirot-Gros, Marie-Françoise, Velten, M., Yoshimura, M., McGovern, S., Morimoto, T., Ehrlich, S. D., ...
The regulation of initiation of DNA replication is crucial to ensure that the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. In the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the function of the YabA...
Penaud, S., Grimaldi, C., Barbe, V., Bryson, K., Nicolas, P., ...
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) is a representative of the group of lactic acid-producing bacteria, mainly known for its worldwide application in yogurt production. The...
Copy-choice recombination mediated by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme from Escherichia coli.
Formation of deletions by recombination between short direct repeats is thought to involve either a break-join or a copy-choice process. The key step of the latter is slippage of the replication...
A 7-base-pair sequence protects DNA from exonucleolytic degradation in Lactococcus lactis.
Biswas, I, Maguin, E, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
Linear DNA molecules are subject to degradation by various exonucleases in vivo unless their ends are protected. It has been demonstrated that a specific 8-bp sequence, 5'-GCTGGTGG-3', named Chi, can...
An ordered collection of Bacillus subtilis DNA segments cloned in yeast artificial chromosomes.
Azevedo, V, Alvarez, E, Zumstein, E, Damiani, G, Sgaramella, V, Ehrlich, S D, ...
A collection of 772 Bacillus subtilis DNA segments was obtained by cloning in yeast artificial chromosomes. The B. subtilis inserts of 288 clones were mapped by hybridization using as probes 65...
A fourth class of theta-replicating plasmids: the pAM beta 1 family from gram-positive bacteria.
Bruand, C, Le Chatelier, E, Ehrlich, S D, Jannière, L
Plasmid pAM beta 1 from Enterococcus faecalis uses a unidirectional theta mode of replication. We show here that this replication (i) is dependent on a plasmid-encoded replication protein (Rep) but...
Chi sequence protects against RecBCD degradation of DNA in vivo.
Dabert, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
RecBCD is a multifunctional enzyme involved in DNA degradation and homologous recombination. It also produces an endonucleolytic cleavage near properly oriented chi sites (5'-GCTGGTGG-3'). Plasmids...
Regulation of Expression of the Lactococcus lactis Histidine Operon
Delorme, C., Ehrlich, S. D., Renault, P.
In Lactococcus lactis, the his operon contains all the genes necessary for histidine biosynthesis. It is transcribed from a unique promoter, localized 300 bp upstream of the first gene. The region...
Use of Luciferase Genes as Biosensors To Study Bacterial Physiology in the Digestive Tract
Corthier, G., Delorme, C., Ehrlich, S. D., Renault, P.
A method based on the use of the bacterial luciferase genes was developed in order to investigate Lactococcus lactis gene expression in the mouse digestive tract. Germfree mice were monoassociated...
Le Loir, Y., Gruss, A., Ehrlich, S. D., Langella, P.
Lactococcus lactis, a gram-positive organism widely used in the food industry, is a potential candidate for the secretion of biologically useful proteins. We examined the secretion efficiency and...
In vivo analysis of the plasmid pAM beta 1 resolution system.
Jannière, L, McGovern, S, Pujol, C, Petit, M A, Ehrlich, S D
The promiscuous plasmid pAM beta 1 from Gram-positive bacteria encodes a resolution system which differs from that of Tn3 in that (i) it requires a histone-like protein and an unusual resolvase-DNA...
Essential Bacillus subtilis genes
Kobayashi, K., Ehrlich, S. D., Albertini, A., Amati, G., Andersen, K. K., Arnaud, M., ...
To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among ≈4,100 genes of the...
Goupil, N, Corthier, G, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
Diacetyl is a by-product of pyruvate metabolism in Lactococcus lactis, where pyruvate is first converted to alpha-acetolactate, which is slowly decarboxylated to diacetyl in the presence of oxygen....
Genetic manipulation of the pathway for diacetyl metabolism in Lactococcus lactis.
Swindell, S R, Benson, K H, Griffin, H G, Renault, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gasson, M J
Diacetyl is an important food flavor compound produced by certain strains of citrate-metabolizing lactic acid bacteria. Citrate is converted to pyruvate, from which diacetyl is produced via...
Molecular cloning and analysis of the ptsHI operon in Lactobacillus sake.
Stentz, R, Lauret, R, Ehrlich, S D, Morel-Deville, F, Zagorec, M
The ptsH and ptsI genes of Lactobacillus sake, encoding the general enzymes of the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS), were cloned and sequenced. HPr (88 amino acids),...
Leloup, L, Ehrlich, S D, Zagorec, M, Morel-Deville, F
Single-crossover homologous integration in Lactobacillus sake was studied. Integration was conducted with nonreplicative delivery vector pRV300. This vector is composed of a pBluescript SK- replicon...
Bower, S, Perkins, J, Yocum, R R, Serror, P, Sorokin, A, Rahaim, P, ...
The Bacillus subtilis birA gene, which regulates biotin biosynthesis, has been cloned and characterized. The birA gene maps at 202 degrees on the B. subtilis chromosome and encodes a 36,200-Da...
DNA restriction-modification systems mediate plasmid maintenance.
Kulakauskas, S, Lubys, A, Ehrlich, S D
Two plasmid-carried restriction-modification (R-M) systems, EcoRI (from pMB1 of Escherichia coli) and Bsp6I (from pXH13 of Bacillus sp. strain RFL6), enhance plasmid segregational stability in E....
Efficient insertional mutagenesis in lactococci and other gram-positive bacteria.
Maguin, E, Prévost, H, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
In lactococci, the study of chromosomal genes and their regulation is limited by the lack of an efficient transposon mutagenesis system. We associated the insertion sequence ISS1 with the...
Regulators of aerobic and anaerobic respiration in Bacillus subtilis.
Sun, G, Sharkova, E, Chesnut, R, Birkey, S, Duggan, M F, Sorokin, A, ...
Two Bacillus subtilis genes, designated resD and resE, encode proteins that are similar to those of two-component signal transduction systems and play a regulatory role in respiration. The...
Gene organization and transcription of a late-expressed region of a Lactococcus lactis phage.
Parreira, R, Valyasevi, R, Lerayer, A L, Ehrlich, S D, Chopin, M C
The lactococcal phage bIL41 belongs to the small isometric-headed phages of the 936 quasi-species and is resistant to the abortive infection determined by abiB. A 10.2-kb segment from this phage, in...
Chédin, F, Dervyn, R, Ehrlich, S D, Noirot, P
Recombination studies of bacteria are often carried out with multicopy plasmids, and recombination frequencies are often deduced from the proportion of cells in the population that express a...
Cell wall anchoring of the Streptococcus pyogenes M6 protein in various lactic acid bacteria.
Piard, J C, Hautefort, I, Fischetti, V A, Ehrlich, S D, Fons, M, Gruss, A
The M6 protein from Streptococcus pyogenes is the best-characterized member of a family of cell envelope-associated proteins. Based on the observation that the C-terminal sorting signals of these...
Characterization of Lactococcus lactis UV-sensitive mutants obtained by ISS1 transposition.
Duwat, P, Cochu, A, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
Studies of cellular responses to DNA-damaging agents, mostly in Escherichia coli, have revealed numerous genes and pathways involved in DNA repair. However, other species, particularly those which...
Dual role of alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Goupil-Feuillerat, N, Cocaign-Bousquet, M, Godon, J J, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
The alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase gene aldB is clustered with the genes for the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis. It can be transcribed with BCAA genes under...
Cluzel, P J, Chopin, A, Ehrlich, S D, Chopin, M C
A 5-kb DNA fragment conferring a phage abortive infection phenotype (Abi+) has been cloned from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL416. The Abi+ determinant was subcloned on a 2-kb fragment which...
Duwat, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
Two particularly well-conserved stretches in the RecA protein sequences were chosen as templates to synthesize degenerate oligonucleotides, which were used in polymerase chain reaction to amplify an...
Le Loir, Y, Gruss, A, Ehrlich, S D, Langella, P
A system for direct screening of recombinant clones in Lactococcus lactis, based on secretion of the staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) in the organism, was developed. The nuc gene (encoding SNase) was...
Bardowski, J, Ehrlich, S D, Chopin, A
A fragment of the Lactococcus lactis chromosome containing an open reading frame of 265 codons, denoted bglR, has been characterized. The polypeptide encoded by bglR shares 36 to 30% sequence...
High-efficiency gene inactivation and replacement system for gram-positive bacteria.
Biswas, I, Gruss, A, Ehrlich, S D, Maguin, E
A system for high-efficiency single- and double-crossover homologous integration in gram-positive bacteria has been developed, with Lactococcus lactis as a model system. The system is based on a...
Gene inactivation in Lactococcus lactis: branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis.
Godon, J J, Delorme, C, Bardowski, J, Chopin, M C, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
The Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strains isolated from dairy products are auxotrophs for branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), while most strains isolated from nondairy...
Gene inactivation in Lactococcus lactis: histidine biosynthesis.
Delorme, C, Godon, J J, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
Lactococcus lactis strains from dairy and nondairy sources were tested for the ability to grow in the absence of histidine. Among 60 dairy strains tested, 56 required histidine, whereas only 1 of 11...
Flanking sequences affect replication arrest at the Escherichia coli terminator TerB in vivo.
Bierne, H, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
We have analyzed the effect of flanking sequences on Tus-induced replication arrest. pBR322 plasmid derivatives which carry the Escherichia coli replication terminator TerB at different locations...
High-molecular-weight linear multimer formation by single-stranded DNA plasmids in Escherichia coli.
Dabert, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
We inserted foreign DNA segments into plasmids which replicate by a rolling-circle mechanism in Escherichia coli and observed the appearance of high-molecular-weight plasmid multimers (HMW). This...
A general method for cloning recA genes of gram-positive bacteria by polymerase chain reaction.
Duwat, P, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
An internal fragment of the recA gene from eight gram-positive organisms has been amplified by using degenerate primers in a polymerase chain reaction. The internal 348- or 360-bp recA DNA segments...
Biswas, I, Vagner, V, Ehrlich, S D
The efficiencies of intermolecular recombination at 12 different locations on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome were determined by transforming competent cells with a nonreplicative plasmid. The...
Mutation in the plasmid pUB110 Rep protein affects termination of rolling circle replication.
Bidnenko, V E, Gruss, A, Ehrlich, S D
We isolated a mutant of plasmid pUB110 that has the following properties in Bacillus subtilis: (i) it is toxic for recA and add cells, particularly at elevated temperature; (ii) it has a copy number...
Efficient plasmid mobilization by pIP501 in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Langella, P, Le Loir, Y, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
pIP501 is a streptococcal conjugative plasmid which can be transmitted among numerous gram-positive strains. To identify a minimal mobilization (mob) locus of pIP501, DNA fragments of pIP501 were...
Tryptophan biosynthesis genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Bardowski, J, Ehrlich, S D, Chopin, A
The Lactococcus lactis chromosomal region containing the seven structural genes required for tryptophan biosynthesis was characterized by cloning and sequencing. All of the trp genes were identified...
Histidine biosynthesis genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Delorme, C, Ehrlich, S D, Renault, P
The genes of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis involved in histidine biosynthesis were cloned and characterized by complementation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis mutants and DNA sequencing....
Branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis.
Godon, J J, Chopin, M C, Ehrlich, S D
The genes for biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCDO2118 were characterized by cloning, complementation in Escherichia...
Deletion hot spots in chimeric Escherichia coli plasmids.
Michel, B, D'Alençon, E, Ehrlich, S D
Deletions form frequently in chimeric plasmids composed of M13mp2, pBR322, and pC194 (B. Michel and S. D. Ehrlich, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:3386-3390, 1986). They are generated by joining of the...
Stability of reiterated sequences in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
The instability of reiterated sequences in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome that was previously reported (M. Young, J. Gen. Microbiol. 130:1613-1621, 1984) results from the presence of a truncated...
Replication origins of single-stranded-DNA plasmid pUB110.
Boe, L, Gros, M F, Te Riele, H, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
The two replication origins of plasmid pUB110 have been characterized. The site of initiation of DNA replication at the plus origin was mapped to within an 8-base-pair sequence. DNA synthesis...
Tn10-derived transposons active in Bacillus subtilis.
Petit, M A, Bruand, C, Jannière, L, Ehrlich, S D
Small derivatives of the Escherichia coli transposon Tn10, comprising IS10 ends and a chloramphenicol resistance gene, were introduced in Bacillus subtilis on a thermosensitive plasmid, pE194. In the...
Plasmids pUB110, pC194, pE194, and pT181 are commonly used as cloning vectors in both Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. We report that insertion of foreign DNA into any of these plasmids...
Efficiency of homologous DNA recombination varies along the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
Structures consisting of a genetic marker (erythromycin or kanamycin resistance, thymidylate synthetase) flanked by 3.4-kilobase direct repeats (pBR322 sequences) were inserted in 12 different...
Uzest, M, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
Replication initiated at the bacteriophage M13 origin can be affected by interaction of a properly oriented termination signal terB and the Tus protein. The effect can be alleviated by overproduction...
Sozhamannan, S, Dabert, P, Moretto, V, Ehrlich, S D, Gruss, A
Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pE194 manifests a natural thermosensitivity for replication and can be established in several species, both gram positive and gram negative, thus making it attractive...
Savić, D J, Romac, S P, Ehrlich, S D
In this work, the previously described inversion in the lactose region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome (D. J. Savić, J. Bacteriol. 140:311-319, 1979) is analyzed in greater detail. The...
Niaudet, B, Jannière, L, Ehrlich, S D
Linear DNA molecules composed of a central region nonhomologous with the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and two flanking regions homologous with the chromosome can integrate into the chromosome,...
Functional expression of two Bacillus subtilis chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli.
Chi, N Y, Ehrlich, S D, Lederberg, J
EcoRI-cleaved deoxyribonucleic acid segments carrying two genes from Bacillus subtilis, pyr and leu, have been cloned in Escherichia coli by insertion into a derivative of the E. coli bacteriophage...
Antipairing and strand transferase activities of E. coli helicase II (UvrD).
Morel, P, Hejna, J A, Ehrlich, S D, Cassuto, E
The product of the uvrD gene of Escherichia coli, UvrD (helicase II), is known to be involved in methyl-directed mismatch repair, transposon excision and uvrABC excision repair. In conjugational...
Single-stranded plasmid DNA in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Te Riele, H, Michel, B, Ehrlich, S D
Plasmid pC194 was found to exist in a double-stranded and a single-stranded DNA form in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. This single-stranded DNA was found as a circular molecule of the...
Illegitimate recombination at the replication origin of bacteriophage M13.
Hybrids composed of phage M13 and plasmid pHV33 were used to study the formation of deletions in Escherichia coli. Eighty to ninety percent of the deletion endpoints were at the position of the nick...
Replication of plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli.
Plasmid pBR322 derives from plasmid ColE1 and does not replicate in Escherichia coli strains lacking DNA polymerase I. Hybrids between pBR322 and a plasmid isolated from Staphylococcus aureus, pC194,...
The family of highly interrelated single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids.
Many plasmids from gram-positive bacteria replicate via a single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) intermediate, most probably by a rolling-circle mechanism (these plasmids are referred to in...
Copy-choice illegitimate DNA recombination revisited.
D'Alençon, E, Petranovic, M, Michel, B, Noirot, P, Aucouturier, A, Uzest, M, ...
Nearly precise excision of a transposon related to Tn10 from an Escherichia coli plasmid was used as a model to study illegitimate DNA recombination between short direct repeats. The excision was...
Active site of the replication protein of the rolling circle plasmid pC194.
Noirot-Gros, M F, Bidnenko, V, Ehrlich, S D
Mutation analysis of the rolling circle (RC) replication initiator protein RepA of plasmid pC194 was targeted to tyrosine and acidic amino acids (glutamate and aspartate) which are well conserved...
Primosome assembly site in Bacillus subtilis.
Bruand, C, Ehrlich, S D, Jannière, L
A single-strand initiation site was detected on the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAM beta 1 by its ability to prevent accumulation of single stranded DNA of a rolling circle plasmid, both in...
Replication origin of a single-stranded DNA plasmid pC194.
Gros, M F, Te Riele, H, Ehrlich, S D
The replication of the single-stranded (ss) DNA plasmid pC194 by the rolling circle mechanism was investigated using chimeric plasmids that possess two pC194 replication origins. One of the origins...
Breakage--reunion and copy choice mechanisms of recombination between short homologous sequences.
Brunier, D, Peeters, B P, Bron, S, Ehrlich, S D
To study recombination between short homologous sequences in Escherichia coli we constructed plasmids composed of the pBR322 replicon, M13 replication origin and a recombination unit inserted within...
DNA cloning in Bacillus subtilis.
A plasmid pC194, encoding resistance to chloramphenicol, can serve as a cloning vector in Bacillus subtilis 168 for other HindIII-cleaved DNA segments. Replicons constructed by linking pC194 to...
Replication and expression of plasmids from Staphylococcus aureus in Bacillus subtilis.
One S. aureus plasmid coding for tetracycline resistance, pT127, and four plasmids (pC194, pC221, pC223, and pUB112) coding for chloramphenicol resistance have been introduced by transformation into...
Ehrlich, S D, Bursztyn-Pettegrew, H, Stroynowski, I, Lederberg, J
The thymidylate synthetase gene of B. subtilis bacteriophage Phi-3-T, when cloned in plasmids pSC101 or pMB9 is expressed in E. coli. The promoter of the cloned gene is likely to originate in...
Electrophoretic separation of Bacillus subtilis genes.
Harris-Warrick, R M, Elkana, Y, Ehrlich, S D, Lederberg, J
The cleavage of Bacillus subtilis DNA by EcoR1 restriction endonuclease produced segments which retain various degrees of genetic transforming activity. The active segments analyzed thus far, range...
Bruand, C, Ehrlich, S D, Jannière, L
Numerous bacterial replicons remain poorly characterized due to difficulties in localization of the replication origin. We have circumvented this problem in the characterization and fine mapping of...
The replication termination signal terB of the Escherichia coli chromosome is a deletion hot spot.
Bierne, H, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
Hybrids composed of phage M13, plasmid pBR322 and the termination signal of Escherichia coli chromosome replication terB were used to show that arrest of DNA synthesis creates a very efficient...
Intramolecular recombination during plasmid transformation of Bacillus subtilis competent cells.
Michel, B, Niaudet, B, Ehrlich, S D
We have constructed plasmids carrying direct internal repeats 260-2000 bp long. Monomers of such plasmids transformed Bacillus subtilis competent cells. The efficiency of transformation varied with...
Rolling circle replication of single-stranded DNA plasmid pC194.
Gros, M F, Te Riele, H, Ehrlich, S D
A group of small Staphylococcus aureus/Bacillus subtilis plasmids was recently found to replicate via a circular single-stranded DNA intermediate (te Riele et al., 1986a). We show here that a 55 bp...
Transitory recombination between plasmid pHV33 and phage M13.
Plasmid pHV33 and phage M13 which have no homology exceeding 13 bp, combine in Escherichia coli cells. The chimeric genome is encapsidated in phage proteins and injected into a recipient cell, where...
Induction of DNA amplification in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
Petit, M A, Mesas, J M, Noirot, P, Morel-Deville, F, Ehrlich, S D
A system allowing the induction of DNA amplification in Bacillus subtilis was developed, based on a thermosensitive plasmid, pE194, stably integrated in the bacterial chromosome. An amplification...
DNA transcription and repressor binding affect deletion formation in Escherichia coli plasmids.
Vilette, D, Uzest, M, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
Chimeric plasmids containing phage M13 and plasmid pBR322 sequences undergo deletions in Escherichia coli with a high frequency. In all plasmids one deletion endpoint is the M13 replication origin...
Replication functions of pC194 are necessary for efficient plasmid transduction by M13 phage.
Dagert, M, Jones, I, Goze, A, Romac, S, Niaudet, B, Ehrlich, S D
Escherichia coli plasmids pBR313 and pBR322 were transduced by phage M13 with low efficiency (10(-8) transductants/phage). Hybrid plasmids pHV12 or pHV33, composed of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid...
Genes involved in transitory recombination between phage M13 and plasmid pHV33.
Plasmid pHV33 and phage M13 combine in Escherichia coli cells to form a chimera, which decombines to regenerate two parental genomes. Combination can occur via two genetic pathways, one defined by...
Recombination efficiency between transforming and resident plasmids was 100 times higher in Bacillus subtilis protoplasts than in Escherichia coli competent cells. In both systems it varied with the...
Are single-stranded circles intermediates in plasmid DNA replication?
Te Riele, H, Michel, B, Ehrlich, S D
Plasmid pC194 exists as circular double-stranded and single-stranded DNA in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. We report here that the plasmid pHV33, composed of pBR322 and pC194, exists as...
Hybrids between plasmids pC194, pBR322 and the bacteriophage f1 undergo deletions in Escherichia coli. The deletions end most often between nucleotides 1445 and 1446 of pC194. That site probably...
DNA double-strand breaks caused by replication arrest.
Michel, B, Ehrlich, S D, Uzest, M
We report here that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) form in Escherichia coli upon arrest of replication forks due to a defect in, or the inhibition of, replicative DNA helicases. The formation of...
Deletions at stalled replication forks occur by two different pathways.
Bierne, H, Ehrlich, S D, Michel, B
Replication blockage induces non-homologous deletions in Escherichia coli. The mechanism of the formation of these deletions was investigated. A pBR322-mini-oriC hybrid plasmid carrying two E. coli...
Carbohydrate Utilization in Lactobacillus sake
Lauret, R., Morel-Deville, F., Berthier, F., Champomier-Verges, M., Postma, P., Ehrlich, S. D., ...
The ability of Lactobacillus sake to use various carbon sources was investigated. For this purpose we developed a chemically defined medium allowing growth of L. sake and some related lactobacilli....
Noirot-Gros, Marie-Françoise, Velten, M., Yoshimura, M., McGovern, S., Morimoto, T., Ehrlich, S. D., ...
The regulation of initiation of DNA replication is crucial to ensure that the genome is replicated only once per cell cycle. In the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the function of the YabA...
Penaud, S., Grimaldi, C., Barbe, V., Bryson, K., Nicolas, P., ...
Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) is a representative of the group of lactic acid-producing bacteria, mainly known for its worldwide application in yogurt production. The...
Penaud, S., Fernandez, A., Boudebbouze, S., Ehrlich, S. D., Maguin, E.
Lactobacillus bulgaricus is a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that, through the production of lactic acid, gradually acidifies its environment during growth. In the course of this process, L. bulgaricus...