Zimmer, D. P., Soupene, E., Lee, H. L., Wendisch, V. F., Khodursky, A. B., Peter, B. J., ...
This version is available at http://www.pnas.org, http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/97/26/14674
Glutamate is required to maintain the steady-state potassium pool in Salmonella typhimurium.
Yan, D, Ikeda, T P, Shauger, A E, Kustu, S
In many bacteria, accumulation of K+ at high external osmolalities is accompanied by accumulation of glutamate. To determine whether there is an obligatory relationship between glutamate and K+...
Berger, D K, Narberhaus, F, Kustu, S
The NIFA protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae is required for transcription of all nif (nitrogen fixation) operons except the regulatory nifLA operon itself. NIFA activates transcription of nif operons...
Activity of purified NIFA, a transcriptional activator of nitrogen fixation genes.
Lee, H S, Berger, D K, Kustu, S
The NIFA protein activates transcription of nitrogen fixation (nif) operons by the sigma 54-holoenzyme form of RNA polymerase. We purified active NIFA from Klebsiella pneumoniae in the form of a...
Su, W, Porter, S, Kustu, S, Echols, H
The NtrC protein activates transcription of the glnA operon of enteric bacteria by stimulating the formation of stable "open" complexes by RNA polymerase (sigma 54-holoenzyme form). To regulate the...
In vitro studies of the domains of the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein NIFA.
Berger, D K, Narberhaus, F, Lee, H S, Kustu, S
The prokaryotic enhancer-binding protein NIFA is a multidomain transcriptional activator that catalyzes the formation of open complexes at nitrogen fixation (nif) promoters by a specialized form of...
The C-terminal domain of NifL is sufficient to inhibit NifA activity.
Narberhaus, F, Lee, H S, Schmitz, R A, He, L, Kustu, S
In Klebsiella pneumoniae, transcription of all nif (nitrogen fixation) operons except the regulatory nifLA operon itself is regulated by the proteins NifA and NifL. NifA, an enhancer-binding protein,...
In Klebsiella pneumoniae, products of the nitrogen fixation nifLA operon regulate transcription of the other nif operons. NifA activates transcription by sigma54-holoenzyme. In vivo, NifL antagonizes...
NtrC is required for control of Klebsiella pneumoniae NifL activity.
In response to molecular oxygen and/or fixed nitrogen, the product of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogen fixation L (nifL) gene inhibits NifA-mediated transcriptional activation. Nitrogen regulation...
Csonka, L N, Ikeda, T P, Fletcher, S A, Kustu, S
Synthesis of glutamate can be limited in bacterial strains carrying mutations to loss of function of glutamate synthase (2-oxoglutarate:glutamine aminotransferase) by using low concentrations of NH4+...
Lee, H S, Ishihama, A, Kustu, S
Several activators of sigma 70 holoenzyme whose binding sites lie upstream of the -35 region of promoters require the C-terminal region of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase to activate...
In vitro activity of NifL, a signal transduction protein for biological nitrogen fixation.
Lee, H S, Narberhaus, F, Kustu, S
In the free-living diazotroph Klebsiella pneumoniae, the NifA protein is required for transcription of all nif (nitrogen fixation) operons except the regulatory nifLA operon itself. NifA activates...
In vitro activity of the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein FIXJ from Rhizobium meliloti.
Batut, J, Santero, E, Kustu, S
Cell extracts of an Escherichia coli strain that overproduces the regulatory protein FIXJ from Rhizobium meliloti promoted transcription of fixK, a known FIXJ-dependent gene, in a coupled...
In vitro transcription from the late promoter of bacteriophage P4.
Keener, J, Dale, E C, Kustu, S, Calendar, R
The late genes of satellite bacteriophage P4 are cotranscribed from a single promoter which shares little homology with known classes of Escherichia coli promoters (E. Dale, G. Christie, and R....
In vitro transcription of the nitrogen fixation regulatory operon nifLA of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Wong, P K, Popham, D, Keener, J, Kustu, S
In vitro transcription from the promoter for the nitrogen fixation regulatory operon nifLA of K. pneumoniae requires four protein fractions: the core form of RNA polymerase; NTRA, an alternate sigma...
Simple, rapid, and quantitative release of periplasmic proteins by chloroform.
We introduce a method by which periplasmic proteins can be released rapidly, simply, and quantitatively by treating cells with chloroform. All the amino acid-binding proteins tested maintained their...
Mutations that alter the covalent modification of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium.
Bancroft, S, Rhee, S G, Neumann, C, Kustu, S
glnD and glnE mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium lack three of the four activities required for reversible covalent modification of glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2). The glnD strains,...
Mutant strains (nit) of Salmonella typhimurium with a pleiotropic defect in nitrogen metabolism.
Broach, J, Neumann, C, Kustu, S
We have isolated mutant strains (nit) of Salmonella typhimurium that are defective in nitrogen metabolism. They have a reduced ability to use a variety of compounds including glutamate, proline,...
The NTRC protein (ntrC product) of enteric bacteria activates transcription of nitrogen-regulated genes by a holoenzyme form of RNA polymerase that contains the ntrA product (sigma 54) as sigma...
In vitro activity of the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein NIFA.
Santero, E, Hoover, T, Keener, J, Kustu, S
We have detected activity of the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein NIFA of Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro. To do so we directed synthesis of NIFA in a coupled transcription-translation system and...
McFarland, N, McCarter, L, Artz, S, Kustu, S
The nitrogen regulatory locus "glnR" of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium is composed of two cistrons, which we propose to call ntrB and ntrC (nitrogen regulation B and C). Frameshift...
Carlson, M, Taussig, R, Kustu, S, Botstein, D
The SUC2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two differently regulated mRNAs (1.8 and 1.9 kilobases) that differ at their 5' ends. The larger RNA encodes a secreted, glycosylated form of...
Hirschman, J, Wong, P K, Sei, K, Keener, J, Kustu, S
In enteric bacteria the products of two nitrogen regulatory genes, ntrA and ntrC, activate transcription of glnA, the structural gene encoding glutamine synthetase, both in vivo and in vitro. The...
Garcia, E, Bancroft, S, Rhee, S G, Kustu, S
The product of a newly identified gene, glnF, which is distinct from the glutamine synthetase structural gene (glnA), is required for synthesis of glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase...
Glutamate is required to maintain the steady-state potassium pool in Salmonella typhimurium.
Yan, D, Ikeda, T P, Shauger, A E, Kustu, S
In many bacteria, accumulation of K+ at high external osmolalities is accompanied by accumulation of glutamate. To determine whether there is an obligatory relationship between glutamate and K+...
Berger, D K, Narberhaus, F, Kustu, S
The NIFA protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae is required for transcription of all nif (nitrogen fixation) operons except the regulatory nifLA operon itself. NIFA activates transcription of nif operons...
Activity of purified NIFA, a transcriptional activator of nitrogen fixation genes.
Lee, H S, Berger, D K, Kustu, S
The NIFA protein activates transcription of nitrogen fixation (nif) operons by the sigma 54-holoenzyme form of RNA polymerase. We purified active NIFA from Klebsiella pneumoniae in the form of a...
Su, W, Porter, S, Kustu, S, Echols, H
The NtrC protein activates transcription of the glnA operon of enteric bacteria by stimulating the formation of stable "open" complexes by RNA polymerase (sigma 54-holoenzyme form). To regulate the...
In vitro studies of the domains of the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein NIFA.
Berger, D K, Narberhaus, F, Lee, H S, Kustu, S
The prokaryotic enhancer-binding protein NIFA is a multidomain transcriptional activator that catalyzes the formation of open complexes at nitrogen fixation (nif) promoters by a specialized form of...
The C-terminal domain of NifL is sufficient to inhibit NifA activity.
Narberhaus, F, Lee, H S, Schmitz, R A, He, L, Kustu, S
In Klebsiella pneumoniae, transcription of all nif (nitrogen fixation) operons except the regulatory nifLA operon itself is regulated by the proteins NifA and NifL. NifA, an enhancer-binding protein,...
In Klebsiella pneumoniae, products of the nitrogen fixation nifLA operon regulate transcription of the other nif operons. NifA activates transcription by sigma54-holoenzyme. In vivo, NifL antagonizes...
NtrC is required for control of Klebsiella pneumoniae NifL activity.
In response to molecular oxygen and/or fixed nitrogen, the product of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogen fixation L (nifL) gene inhibits NifA-mediated transcriptional activation. Nitrogen regulation...
Csonka, L N, Ikeda, T P, Fletcher, S A, Kustu, S
Synthesis of glutamate can be limited in bacterial strains carrying mutations to loss of function of glutamate synthase (2-oxoglutarate:glutamine aminotransferase) by using low concentrations of NH4+...
Lee, H S, Ishihama, A, Kustu, S
Several activators of sigma 70 holoenzyme whose binding sites lie upstream of the -35 region of promoters require the C-terminal region of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase to activate...
In vitro activity of NifL, a signal transduction protein for biological nitrogen fixation.
Lee, H S, Narberhaus, F, Kustu, S
In the free-living diazotroph Klebsiella pneumoniae, the NifA protein is required for transcription of all nif (nitrogen fixation) operons except the regulatory nifLA operon itself. NifA activates...
In vitro activity of the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein FIXJ from Rhizobium meliloti.
Batut, J, Santero, E, Kustu, S
Cell extracts of an Escherichia coli strain that overproduces the regulatory protein FIXJ from Rhizobium meliloti promoted transcription of fixK, a known FIXJ-dependent gene, in a coupled...
In vitro transcription from the late promoter of bacteriophage P4.
Keener, J, Dale, E C, Kustu, S, Calendar, R
The late genes of satellite bacteriophage P4 are cotranscribed from a single promoter which shares little homology with known classes of Escherichia coli promoters (E. Dale, G. Christie, and R....
In vitro transcription of the nitrogen fixation regulatory operon nifLA of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Wong, P K, Popham, D, Keener, J, Kustu, S
In vitro transcription from the promoter for the nitrogen fixation regulatory operon nifLA of K. pneumoniae requires four protein fractions: the core form of RNA polymerase; NTRA, an alternate sigma...
Simple, rapid, and quantitative release of periplasmic proteins by chloroform.
We introduce a method by which periplasmic proteins can be released rapidly, simply, and quantitatively by treating cells with chloroform. All the amino acid-binding proteins tested maintained their...
Mutations that alter the covalent modification of glutamine synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium.
Bancroft, S, Rhee, S G, Neumann, C, Kustu, S
glnD and glnE mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium lack three of the four activities required for reversible covalent modification of glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2). The glnD strains,...
Mutant strains (nit) of Salmonella typhimurium with a pleiotropic defect in nitrogen metabolism.
Broach, J, Neumann, C, Kustu, S
We have isolated mutant strains (nit) of Salmonella typhimurium that are defective in nitrogen metabolism. They have a reduced ability to use a variety of compounds including glutamate, proline,...
The NTRC protein (ntrC product) of enteric bacteria activates transcription of nitrogen-regulated genes by a holoenzyme form of RNA polymerase that contains the ntrA product (sigma 54) as sigma...
In vitro activity of the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein NIFA.
Santero, E, Hoover, T, Keener, J, Kustu, S
We have detected activity of the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein NIFA of Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro. To do so we directed synthesis of NIFA in a coupled transcription-translation system and...
McFarland, N, McCarter, L, Artz, S, Kustu, S
The nitrogen regulatory locus "glnR" of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium is composed of two cistrons, which we propose to call ntrB and ntrC (nitrogen regulation B and C). Frameshift...
Carlson, M, Taussig, R, Kustu, S, Botstein, D
The SUC2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two differently regulated mRNAs (1.8 and 1.9 kilobases) that differ at their 5' ends. The larger RNA encodes a secreted, glycosylated form of...
Hirschman, J, Wong, P K, Sei, K, Keener, J, Kustu, S
In enteric bacteria the products of two nitrogen regulatory genes, ntrA and ntrC, activate transcription of glnA, the structural gene encoding glutamine synthetase, both in vivo and in vitro. The...
Garcia, E, Bancroft, S, Rhee, S G, Kustu, S
The product of a newly identified gene, glnF, which is distinct from the glutamine synthetase structural gene (glnA), is required for synthesis of glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase...