Scientific Commons: S. Kusumoto

Software inspection is one of the most effective methods to detect defects. However, inspections are not always worthwhile. This letter proposes an inspection cost model to describe...

Comparing reading techniques for object-oriented design inspection (2004)

Sabaliauskaite, G., Kusumoto, S., Inoue, K.

For more than twenty-five years software inspections have been considered an effective method for defect detection. Inspections have been investigated through controlled experiments in university...

Assessing defect detection performance of interacting teams in object-oriented design inspection (2004)

Sabaliauskaite, G., Kusumoto, S., Inoue, K.

Software inspection is one of the methods to ensure the quality of software by finding and repairing defect early in software development process. In a software inspection process, inspectors first...

Airborne gravimetry? a new gravimeter system and test results (2003)

Joseph, E. John, Segawa, J., Kusumoto, S., Nakayama, E., Ishihara, Takemi, Komazawa, M., ...

Airborne gravimetry-a new gravimeter system and test results (2003)

Joseph, J. E., Segawa, J., Kusumoto, S., Nakayama, E., Ishihara, T., Komazawa, M., ...

Airborne gravimetry? a new gravimeter system and test results (2003)

Joseph, E. John, Segawa, J., Kusumoto, S., Nakayama, E., Ishihara, Takemi, Komazawa, M., ...

Result of the tests conducted by a newly developed helicopter borne gravimeter system (2001)

Segawa, J., Joseph, John E., Kusumoto, S., Ishihara, Takemi, Komazawa, M., Hasegawa, H., ...

Result of the tests conducted by a newly developed helicopter borne gravimeter system (2001)

Segawa, J., Joseph, John E., Kusumoto, S., Ishihara, Takemi, Komazawa, M., Hasegawa, H., ...

The Internalization Time Course of a Given Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype Does Not Correspond to Its Activation Kinetics in Monocytes

Lentschat, A., El-Samalouti, V. T., Schletter, J., Kusumoto, S., Brade, L., Rietschel, E. T., ...

The prerequisites for the initiation of pathophysiological effects of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) include binding to and possibly internalization by target cells. Monocytes/macrophages are...

Molecular and structural requirements of a lipoteichoic acid from Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790 for cytokine-inducing, antitumor, and antigenic activities.

Takada, H, Kawabata, Y, Arakaki, R, Kusumoto, S, Fukase, K, Suda, Y, ...

Comparison was made between the immunobiological and antigenic properties of two lipoteichoic acid (LTA) fractions (LTA-1 and -2) from Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790, their glycolipid portions, and...

Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to an 80-kilodalton membrane protein of human cells is mediated by soluble CD14 and LPS-binding protein.

Schletter, J, Brade, H, Brade, L, Krüger, C, Loppnow, H, Kusumoto, S, ...

Activation of cells by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gram-negative septic shock. The 55-kDa glycoprotein CD14 is known to bind LPS and initiate cell...

Glycosphingolipids from Sphingomonas paucimobilis induce monokine production in human mononuclear cells.

Krziwon, C, Zähringer, U, Kawahara, K, Weidemann, B, Kusumoto, S, Rietschel, E T, ...

Glycosphingolipids (GSL) isolated from the gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-free bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis have remarkable structural similarities with LPS and its hydrophobic part,...

Structural characteristics of peptidoglycan fragments required to prime mice for induction of anaphylactoid reactions by lipopolysaccharides.

Takada, H, Kawabata, Y, Kawata, S, Kusumoto, S

Structural characteristics of peptidoglycan fragments required to prime mice for the induction of anaphylactoid reactions by Salmonella abortusequi lipopolysaccharide were examined in...

Specific binding of soluble peptidoglycan and muramyldipeptide to CD14 on human monocytes.

Weidemann, B, Schletter, J, Dziarski, R, Kusumoto, S, Stelter, F, Rietschel, E T, ...

Previously, we were able to show that soluble peptidoglycan (sPG)-induced monokine production in human peripheral monocytes is inhibited by anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies and by lipid A partial...

Characterization of the epitope specificity of murine monoclonal antibodies directed against lipid A.

Kuhn, H M, Brade, L, Appelmelk, B J, Kusumoto, S, Rietschel, E T, Brade, H

A series of monoclonal antibodies directed against lipid A was characterized by using synthetic lipid A analogs and partial structures. These compounds vary in phosphate substitution, acylation...

Structural features that influence the ability of lipid A and its analogs to abolish expression of suppressor T cell activity.

Baker, P J, Hraba, T, Taylor, C E, Myers, K R, Takayama, K, Qureshi, N, ...

Lipid A preparations derived from the lipopolysaccharides of several gram-negative bacteria, as well as chemically defined synthetic lipid A's and their analogs (both glucosamine mono- and...

Biological activity of synthetic phosphonooxyethyl analogs of lipid A and lipid A partial structures.

Ulmer, A J, Heine, H, Feist, W, Kusumoto, S, Kusama, T, Brade, H, ...

We investigated the biological activity of four new synthetic analogs of lipid A, termed PE-1, PE-2, PE-3, and PE-4. All compounds contain an alpha-oxyethyl-linked (-O-CH2-CH2-) phosphoryl group in...

Synthetic low-toxicity muramyl dipeptide and monophosphoryl lipid A replace Freund complete adjuvant in inducing growth-inhibitory antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface protein, gp195.

Hui, G S, Tam, L Q, Chang, S P, Case, S E, Hashiro, C, Siddiqui, W A, ...

The Plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface protein (gp195) is a protective antigen against lethal malaria. However, increasing evidence indicates that the efficacy of a malaria vaccine will...

Modulation of endotoxin-induced monokine release in human monocytes by lipid A partial structures that inhibit binding of 125I-lipopolysaccharide.

Ulmer, A J, Feist, W, Heine, H, Kirikae, T, Kirikae, F, Kusumoto, S, ...

We have previously shown that the synthetic tetraacyl precursor Ia (compound 406, LA-14-PP, or lipid IVa) was not able to induce the production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and...

Macrophages are stimulated by muramyl dipeptide to induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte accumulation in the peritoneal cavities of guinea pigs.

Nagao, S, Nakanishi, M, Kutsukake, H, Yagawa, K, Kusumoto, S, Shiba, T, ...

N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide [MDP]) injected intraperitoneally significantly increased the number of cells entering the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs primed with...

Inhibition of endotoxin-induced interleukin-6 production by synthetic lipid A partial structures in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Wang, M H, Flad, H D, Feist, W, Brade, H, Kusumoto, S, Rietschel, E T, ...

The effect of two synthetic lipid A partial structures, compound 406 (or LA-14-PP, identical in structure to the lipid A precursor, known as Ia or IVa) and compound 401 (lipid X), on the in vitro...

The immunogenicity and antigenicity of lipid A are influenced by its physicochemical state and environment.

Brade, L, Brandenburg, K, Kuhn, H M, Kusumoto, S, Macher, I, Rietschel, E T, ...

We investigated the immunogenicity and antigenicity of synthetic lipid A and partial structures thereof. Included in the study were compounds which varied in the position of phosphate (1-mono-,...

Requirement of a properly acylated beta(1-6)-D-glucosamine disaccharide bisphosphate structure for efficient manifestation of full endotoxic and associated bioactivities of lipid A.

Takahashi, I, Kotani, S, Takada, H, Tsujimoto, M, Ogawa, T, Shiba, T, ...

Several synthetic acylated glucosamine monophosphates, with structures corresponding to the nonreducing or reducing moiety of the lipid A of the Escherichia coli or Salmonella minnesota type, and a...

Structural requirements of muramylpeptides for induction of necrosis at sites primed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in guinea pigs.

Nagao, S, Takada, H, Yagawa, K, Kutsukake, H, Shiba, T, Kusumoto, S, ...

Intracutaneous injection of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) in guinea pigs caused an extensive necrotic reaction in footpads prepared by injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium...

Adjuvant activity of 6-O-acyl-muramyldipeptides to enhance primary cellular and humoral immune responses in guinea pigs: adaptability to various vehicles and pyrogenicity.

Tsujimoto, M, Kotani, S, Kinoshita, F, Kanoh, S, Shiba, T, Kusumoto, S

Thirteen 6-O-acyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamines (6-O-acyl-MDPs), including four inactive D-isoasparagine and L-isoglutamine analogs, were tested for their pyrogenicity and...

Adjuvant activity of 6-O-acyl-muramyldipeptides to enhance primary cellular and humoral immune responses in guinea pigs: dose-response and local reactions observed with selected compounds.

Tsujimoto, M, Kotani, S, Shiba, T, Kusumoto, S

6-O-(2-Tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (B3O-MDP) and 6-O-(3-hydroxy-2-docosylhexacosanoyl)-MDP (BH48-MDP) were examined for immunopotentiating activity in stimulating...

Synthetic Salmonella-type lipid A antigen with high serological specificity.

Kasai, N, Arata, S, Mashimo, J, Okuda, K, Aihara, Y, Kotani, S, ...

A synthetic compound (compound 516), beta(1-6)-linked D-glucosamine disaccharide 1,4'-bisphosphate, which is acylated by (R)-3-hexadecanoyloxytetradecanoyl, (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl,...

Immunogenicity and antigenicity of synthetic Escherichia coli lipid A.

Brade, L, Rietschel, E T, Kusumoto, S, Shiba, T, Brade, H

The immunogenicity and antigenicity of synthetic Escherichia coli lipid A (compound 506) and its 1- and 4'-monophosphorylated derivatives (compounds 505 and 504, respectively) and nonphosphorylated...

Immunopharmacological activities of a synthetic counterpart of a biosynthetic lipid A precursor molecule and of its analogs.

Takada, H, Kotani, S, Tsujimoto, M, Ogawa, T, Takahashi, I, Harada, K, ...

Synthetic lipid A analogs (compounds 404 through 406) were examined for their immunopharmacological activities. These compounds had two amide-bound and two ester-bound (R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl...

Granuloma formation by muramyl dipeptide associated with branched fatty acids, a structure probably essential for tubercle formation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Emori, K, Nagao, S, Shigematsu, N, Kotani, S, Tsujimoto, M, Shiba, T, ...

Muramyl dipeptide, which does not induce epithelioid granuloma when injected alone dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline, could induce extensive granulomas in guinea pigs when chemically conjugated...

Biological activities of synthetic lipid A analogs: pyrogenicity, lethal toxicity, anticomplement activity, and induction of gelation of Limulus amoebocyte lysate.

Tanamoto, K, Zähringer, U, McKenzie, G R, Galanos, C, Rietschel, E T, Lüderitz, O, ...

Chemically synthesized lipid A analogs were investigated for several endotoxic activities, including pyrogenicity, lethal toxicity, anticomplement activity, and the capacity to gelate Limulus...

Mitogenic activities of synthetic lipid A analogs and suppression of mitogenicity of lipid A.

Tanamoto, K, Galanos, C, Lüderitz, O, Kusumoto, S, Shiba, T

The effect of synthetic lipid A analogs on murine spleen cells was studied. The preparations represented D-glucosamine and D-glucosaminyl-beta 1,6-D-glucosamine disaccharide derivatives substituted...

Immunobiological activities of synthetic lipid A analogs and related compounds as compared with those of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, re-glycolipid, lipid A, and muramyl dipeptide.

Kotani, S, Takada, H, Tsujimoto, M, Ogawa, T, Mori, Y, Sakuta, M, ...

Thirteen acylated and phosphorylated derivatives of beta-1,6-linked glucosamine disaccharide (lipid A analogs), which were synthesized after the structural model of Salmonella-type lipid A, and seven...

Soluble peptidoglycan-induced monokine production can be blocked by anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies and by lipid A partial structures.

Weidemann, B, Brade, H, Rietschel, E T, Dziarski, R, Bazil, V, Kusumoto, S, ...

We have investigated the interaction of soluble peptidoglycan (sPG), in comparison with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with human mononuclear cells (MNC) by determining the capacity of sPG to induce...

Somnogenic activities of synthetic lipid A.

Cady, A B, Kotani, S, Shiba, T, Kusumoto, S, Krueger, J M

Bacterial infections and various immune response modifiers, including endotoxin and its lipid A moiety, alter sleep duration. The purpose of this study is to amplify our understanding of lipid A...

Liberation of serotonin from rabbit blood platelets by bacterial cell walls and related compounds.

Harada, K, Kotani, S, Takada, H, Tsujimoto, M, Hirachi, Y, Kusumoto, S, ...

A study was made on the activity of various bacterial cell walls and peptidoglycans to liberate serotonin from rabbit blood platelets. All of the test cell walls or peptidoglycans prepared from 27...

Stimulation of migration of human monocytes by bacterial cell walls and muramyl peptides.

Ogawa, T, Kotani, S, Fukuda, K, Tsukamoto, Y, Mori, M, Kusumoto, S, ...

Bacterial cell walls, water-soluble fragments of the wall peptidoglycan, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), and 6-O-acyl derivatives of MDP were examined for migration-stimulating...

Contractile effects of bacterial cell walls, their enzymatic digests, and muramyl dipeptides on ileal strips from guinea pigs.

Ogawa, T, Kotani, S, Tsujimoto, M, Kusumoto, S, Shiba, T, Kawata, S, ...

Cell walls isolated from four bacterial species (Streptococcus pyogenes, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptomyces gardneri, and Nocardia corynebacteriodes), which exhibited the adjuvant effect of...

Stimulation of nonspecific resistance to infection induced by 6-O-acyl muramyl dipeptide analogs in mice.

Matsumoto, K, Ogawa, H, Kusama, T, Nagase, O, Sawaki, N, Inage, M, ...

The experimental system utilized in investigating the correlation between the chemical structures of muramyl peptides and their protective activities in the sepsis type of systemic infections caused...

Stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system of mice by muramyl dipeptide.

Tanaka, A, Nagao, S, Nagao, R, Kotani, S, Shiba, T, Kusumoto, S

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a part of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans, was active as adjuvant and stimulated the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of mice to increase its phagocytic function. A series...

Macrophage activation by bacterial cell walls and related synthetic compounds.

Takada, H, Tsujimoto, M, Kato, K, Kotani, S, Kusumoto, S, Inage, M, ...

Activation of peritoneal macrophages from guinea pigs by various bacterial cell walls, M-1 endo-N-acetylmuramidase enzymatically digested bacterial cell walls and synthetic muramyl dipeptides was...

Adjuvant activity of synthetic 6-O-"mycoloyl"-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and related compounds.

Azuma, I, Sugimura, K, Yamawaki, M, Uemiya, M, Kusumoto, S, Okada, S, ...

Adjuvant and antitumor activities of synthetic 6-O-"mycoloyl"-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine were examined. All the synthetic 6-O-corynomycoloyl-, 6-O-mocardomycoloyl-, and...

Arthritis-inducing ability of a synthetic adjuvant, N-acetylmuramyl peptides, and bacterial disaccharide peptides related to different oil vehicles and their composition.

Kohashi, O, Tanaka, A, Kotani, S, Shiba, T, Kusumoto, S, Yokogawa, K, ...

A synthetic adjuvant, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), failed to produce polyarthritis with a wide dose range in a water-in-oil emulsion of mineral oil such as liquid paraffin, Drakeol,...

Lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide is more active than muramyl dipeptide in priming macrophages to release superoxide anion.

Pabst, M J, Cummings, N P, Shiba, T, Kusumoto, S, Kotani, S

Mouse peritoneal macrophages, when treated with a lipophilic derivative of muramyl dipeptide either in vitro or in vivo by intraperitoneal injection, showed a more than fivefold increase in their...