Detection and Recovery Techniques for Database Corruption (2009)
Philip Bohannon, Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan
Abstract—Increasingly, for extensibility and performance, special purpose application code is being integrated with database system code. Such application code has direct access to database system...
Minos Garofalakis, Aristides Gionis, S. Seshadri, Strand Genomics, Rajeev Rastogi, Kyuseok Shim
XML is rapidly emerging as the new standard for data representation and exchange on the Web. Unlike HTML, tags in XML documents describe the semantics of the data and not how it is to be displayed....
Intl. Conf. on Data Engineering,February 1992. (2008)
Blr P. Bohannon, D. Leinbaugh, R. Rastogi, S. Seshadri, A. Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan Logical
obtain latches while performing lookups, 2) update transactions perform latch-free traversals on the tree, and 3) concurrent rotations on the tree are possible. Our performance results indicate that...
Abstract Update Propagation Protocols For Replicated Databases (2008)
Yuri Breitbart, Raghavan Komondoor, Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz
Replication is often used in many distributed systems to provide a higher level of performance, reliability and availability. Lazy replica update protocols, which propagate updates to replicas...
Printed in Grea INTEGRATING STANDARD TRANSACTIONS IN FIRM REAL-TIME DATABASE SYSTEMS (2008)
Shiby Thomas, S. Seshadri, Jayant R. Haritsa
Abstract- Real-time database systems are designed to handle workloads where transactions have completion deadlines and the goal is to meet these deadlines. However, many real-time database...
Abstract Efficient and Extensible Algorithms for Multi Query Optimization (2008)
Prasan Roy, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan
Complex queries are becoming commonplace, with the growing use of decision support systems. These complex queries often have a lot of common sub-expressions, either within a single query, or across...
Garbage Collection in Object Oriented Databases Using Transactional Cyclic Reference Counting (2008)
S. Ashwinl, Prasan Roy, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz, S. Sudarshanl
Garbage collection is important in object-oriented databases to free the programmer from explicitly deallocating memory. In this paper, we present a garbage collection al-gorithm, called...
Aristides Gionis, S. Seshadri, Strand Genomics, Rajeev Rastogi, Kyuseok Shim
XML is rapidly emerging as the new standard for data representation and exchange on the Web. Document Type Descriptors (DTDs) contain valuable information on the structure of XML documents and thus...
Minos Garofalakis, Aristides Gionis, S. Seshadri, Strand Genomics, Rajeev Rastogi, Kyuseok Shim
XML is rapidly emerging as the new standard for data representation and exchange on the Web. Unlike HTML, tags in XML documents describe the semantics of the data and not how it is to be displayed....
Prasan Roy, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan, Siddhesh Bhobe
Complex queries are becoming commonplace, with the growing use of decision support systems. These complex queries often have a lot of common sub-expressions, either within a single query, or across...
Detection and Recovery Techniques for Database Corruption (2008)
Philip Bohannon, Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan
Abstract—Increasingly, for extensibility and performance, special purpose application code is being integrated with database system code. Such application code has direct access to database system...
Plantlet regeneration from leaf derived callus of Vanilla planifolia Andr (2008)
Vanilla planifolia is a tropical orchid mainly known for the aromatic flavor of its cured pods. Callus cultures were initiated from leaf and nodal explants of V. planifolia. Leaf explants showed...
Elangomathavan, R., Prakash, S., Kathiravan, K., Seshadri, S., Ignacimuthu, S.
A rapid micropropagation protocol was established for Exacum travancoricum Bedd. The effect of two cytokinins viz. BA and kinetin were studied to evaluate the propagation of plants through nodal...
Data Replication and Delay Balancing in Heterogeneous Disk Systems (2007)
D. Rotem, S. Seshadri, L. M. Bernardo
Declustering and replication are well known techniques used to improve response time of queries in parallel disk environments. As data replication incurs a penalty for updates, database designers...
Query Result Caching in Data Warehouses and Data Marts (2007)
Prasan Roy, Jinesh Vora, Krithi Ramamritham, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan
In data warehouse and data mart systems, queries often take a long time to execute due to their complex nature. A single user may submit a sequence of related queries, and queries submitted by...
DTD Inference from XML Documents: The XTRACT Approach (2007)
Minos Garofalakis, Aristides Gionis, Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, K. Shim, Strand Genomics, ...
XML is rapidly emerging as the new standard for data representation and exchange on the Web. Document Type Descriptors (DTDs) contain valuable information on the structure of XML documents and thus...
Development of NIR detectors and science driven requirements for SNAP (2006)
Brown, M.G., Bebek, C., Bernstein, G., Bonissent, A., Carithers, B., Cole, D., ...
Precision near infrared (NIR) measurements are essential for the next generation of ground and space based instruments. The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) will measure thousands of type Ia...
Characterization of NIR InGaAs imager arrays for the JDEM SNAP mission concept (2006)
Seshadri, S., Cole, M.D., Hancock, B., Ringold, P., Wrigley, C., Bonati, M., ...
We present the results of a study of the performance of InGaAs detectors conducted for the SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) dark energy mission concept. Low temperature data from a nominal 1.7um...
Near infrared detectors for SNAP (2006)
Schubnell, M., Barron, N., Bebek, C., Brown, M.G., Borysow, M., Cole, D., ...
Large format (1k x 1k and 2k x 2k) near infrared detectors manufactured by Rockwell Scientific Center and Raytheon Vision Systems are characterized as part of the near infrared R&D effort for SNAP...
PLASMA-COVERED SLOT ANTENNAS. (2005)
Galejs,J., Mentzoni,M., Seshadri,S.
Theoretical studies have led to several formulations of antenna impedances in a plasma environment, the accuracy of which have been verified experimentally. Analytical work is also reported on finite...
CMOS imager with charge-leakage compensated frame difference and sum output (2004)
Pain, B., Seshadri, S., Ortiz, M., Wrigley, C., Yang, G.
This paper presents a new technique for implementing a low-power CMOS imager with simultaneous on-chip computation of the difference and sum of two successive frames.
CMOS sum and difference imager with on-chip charge-leakage compensation (2004)
Seshadri, S., Yang, G., Ortiz, M., Wrigley, C., Pain, B.
This paper presents a new technique for implementing a low-power CMOS imager with simultaneous on-chip computation of the difference and summ of two successive frames.
Pain, B., Cunningham, T. J., Hancock, B., Yang, G., Seshadri, S., Ortiz, M.
We present new CMOS photodiode imager pixel with ultra-low read noise through on-chip suppression of reset noise via column-based feedback circuitry. The noise reduction is achieved without...
Integrated imaging sensor systems with CMOS active pixel sensor technology (2004)
Yang, G., Cunningham, T., Ortiz, M., Heynssens, J., Sun, C., Hancock, B., ...
This paper discusses common approaches to CMOS APS technology, as well as specific results on the five-wire programmable digital camera-on-a-chip developed at JPL. The paper also reports recent...
CMOS digital imager design from a system-on-a-chip perspective (2004)
Pain, B., Hancock, B., Cunningham, T., Yang, G., Seshadri, S., Heynssens, J., ...
In this paper, we have identified timing and circuit layout considerations that are critical for implementing a digital CMOS camera-on-a-chip.
Integrating into Internet market-making: e-tailing vs. going it alone (2003)
Seshadri, S., Tucci, Christopher L.
Integrating into Internet market-making: e-tailing vs. going it alone
Neo-Rawlsian fringes: A new approach to market segmentation and product development (2003)
Giloni, A., Seshadri, S., Tucci, Christopher L.
A new approach to market segmentation and product development.
Uterotrophic effect of menotab (M-3119): A preclinical study (2002)
Gopumadhavan, S, Venkataranganna, M, Mohamed, R, Seshadri, S, Mitra, S
Venture capital investments in electronic markets and the 'Calcutta Auction' (2002)
Seshadri, S., Shapira, Z., Tucci, Christopher L.
Venture capital investments in electronic markets and the 'Calcutta Auction'
Real-Time Index Concurrency Control (2000)
Haritsa, Jayant R, Seshadri, S
Real-time database systems are expected to rely heavily on indexes to speed up data access and, thereby, help more transactions meet their deadlines. Accordingly, high-performance index concurrency...
Real-Time Index Concurrency Control (2000)
Haritsa, Jayant R, Seshadri, S
Real-time database systems are expected to rely heavily on indexes to speed up data access and, thereby, help more transactions meet their deadlines. Accordingly, high- performance index concurrency...
Don't Trash your Intermediate Results, Cache 'em (2000)
Roy, Prasan, Ramamritham, Krithi, Seshadri, S., Shenoy, Pradeep, Sudarshan, S.
In data warehouse and data mart systems, queries often take a long time to execute due to their complex nature. Query response times can be greatly improved by caching final/intermediate results of...
Real-Time Index Concurrency Control (2000)
Haritsa, Jayant R, Seshadri, S
Real-time database systems are expected to rely heavily on indexes to speed up data access and, thereby, help more transactions meet their deadlines. Accordingly, high- performance index concurrency...
Topology discovery in heterogeneous IP networks (2000)
Yuri Breitbart, Minos Garofalakis, Cliff Martin, Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz
Abstract — Knowledge of the up-to-date physical topology of an IP network is crucial to a number of critical network management tasks, including reactive and proactive resource management, event...
Efficient and Extensible Algorithms for Multi Query Optimization (2000)
Prasan Roy, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan, Siddhesh Bhobe
Complex queries are becoming commonplace, with the growing use of decision support systems. These complex queries often have a lot of common sub-expressions, either within a single query, or across...
Real-Time Index Concurrency Control (2000)
INTRODUCTION Database systems implement indexes to eciently locate data items on disk and thereby signicantly improve query response times. While indexes are an integral component of traditional...
Efficient and Extensible Algorithms for Multi Query Optimization (2000)
Prasan Roy, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan, Siddhesh Bhobe
Complex queries are becoming commonplace, with the growing use of decision support systems. These complex queries often have a lot of common sub-expressions, either within a single query, or across...
Topology Discovery in Heterogeneous IP Networks (2000)
Yuri Breitbart Minos, Yuri Breitbart, Minos Garofalakis, Cliff Martin, Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, ...
Knowledge of the up-to-date physical topology of an IP network is crucial to a number of critical network management tasks, including reactive and proactive resource management, event correlation,...
Efficient and Extensible Algorithms for Multi Query Optimization (1999)
Roy, Prasan, Seshadri, S., Sudarshan, S., Bhobe, Siddhesh
Complex queries are becoming commonplace, with the growing use of decision support systems. These complex queries often have a lot of common sub-expressions, either within a single query, or across...
Control of Wave Packet Revivals Using Geometric Phases (1999)
Seshadri, S., Lakshmibala, S., Balakrishnan, V.
Wave packets in a system governed by a Hamiltonian with a generic nonlinear spectrum typically exhibit both full and fractional revivals. It is shown that the latter can be eliminated by inducing...
Quantum revivals, geometric phases and circle map recurrences (1999)
Seshadri, S., Lakshmibala, S., Balakrishnan, V.
Revivals of the coherent states of a deformed, adiabatically and cyclically varying oscillator Hamiltonian are examined. The revival time distribution is exactly that of Poincar\'{e} recurrences for...
Seshadri, S., Balakrishnan, V., Lakshmibala, S.
We present some analytic, non-perturbative results for the invariant density rho(x) for noisy one-dimensional maps at fully developed chaos. Under periodic boundary conditions, the Fourier expansion...
Ladder operators for isospectral oscillators (1999)
Seshadri, S., Balakrishnan, V., Lakshmibala, S.
We present, for the isospectral family of oscillator Hamiltonians, a systematic procedure for constructing raising and lowering operators satisfying any prescribed `distorted' Heisenberg algebra...
Geometric phases for generalized squeezed coherent states (1999)
Seshadri, S., Lakshmibala, S., Balakrishnan, V.
A simple technique is used to obtain a general formula for the Berry phase (and the corresponding Hannay angle) for an arbitrary Hamiltonian with an equally-spaced spectrum and appropriate ladder...
Using Codewords to Protect Database Data from a Class of Software Errors (1999)
Philip Bohannon, Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan
Increasingly, for extensibility and performance, specialpurpose application code is being integrated with database system code. Such application code has direct access to database system buffers, and...
DataBlitz Storage Manager: Main Memory Database Performance for Critical Applications (1999)
J. Baulier, P. Bohannon, S. Gogate, C. Gupta, S. Haldar, S. Joshi, ...
General-purpose commercial disk-based database systems, though widely employed in practice, have failed to meet the performance requirements of applications requiring short, predictable response...
Garbage collection in object oriented databases using transactional cyclic reference counting (1997)
Prasan Roy, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan, S. Ashwin
Garbage collection is important in object-oriented databases to free the programmer from explicitly deallocating memory. In this paper, we present a garbage collection algorithm, called Transactional...
Garbage collection in object oriented databases using transactional cyclic reference counting (1997)
S. Ashwin, Prasan Roy, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan
Garbage collection is important in objectoriented databases to free the programmer from explicitly deallocating memory. In this paper, we present a garbage collection algorithm, called Transactional...
Robust Real-Time Index Concurrency Control (1997)
S. R. Narayanan, Brajesh Goyal, Jayant Haritsa, S. Seshadri
Real-time database systems are expected to rely heavily on indexes to speed up data access and thereby help more transactions meet their deadlines. Accordingly, high-performance index concurrency...
Garbage collection in object oriented databases using transactional cyclic reference counting (1997)
S. Ashwin, Prasan Roy, S. Seshadri, Avi Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan
Garbage collection is important in objectoriented databases to free the programmer from explicitly deallocating memory. In this paper, we present a garbage collection algorithm, called Transactional...
Incremental Organization for Data Recording and Warehousing (1997)
H. V. Jagadish, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan, Rama Kanneganti
Data warehouses and recording systems typically have a large continuous stream of incoming data, that must be stored in a manner suitable for future access. Access to stored records is usually based...
Logical and Physical Versioning in Main Memory Databases (1997)
Rajeev Rastogi Seshadri, Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, Philip Bohannon, Dennis Leinbaugh, Avi Silberschatz, ...
We present a design for multi-version concurrency control and recovery in a main memory database, and describe logical and physical versioning schemes that allow read-only transactions to execute...
Incremental Organization for Data Recording and Warehousing (1997)
Jagadish Narayan Seshadri, H. V. Jagadish, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan, Rama Kanneganti
Data warehouses and recording systems typically have a large continuous stream of incoming data, that must be stored in a manner suitable for future access. Access to stored records is usually based...
Logical and Physical Versioning in Main Memory Databases (1997)
Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, Philip Bohannon, Dennis Leinbaugh, Avi Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan
We present a design for multi-version concurrency control and recovery in a main memory database, and describe logical and physical versioning schemes that allow read-only transactions to execute...
Logical and physical versioning in main memory databases (1997)
Rajeev Rastogi, S. Seshadri, Philip Bohannony, Dennis Leinbaughl, Avi Silberschatz, S. Sudarshan
We present a design for multi-version concurrency control and recovery in a main memory database, and describe logical and physical versioning schemes that allow read-only transactions to execute...
Index Concurrency Control in Firm Real-Time DBMS (1996)
Haritsa, Jayant R, Seshadri, S
Research on real-time database systems (RTDBS) has been underway for close to a decade now. So far, this research has focused mainly o11 identifying the appropriate choice, with respect to meeting...
Integrating standard transactions in firm real-time database systems (1996)
Thomas, Shiby, Seshadri, S, Haritsa, Jayant R
Real-time database systems are designed to handle workloads where transactions have completion deadlines and the goal is to meet these deadlines. However, many real-time database environments are...
Commit Processing in Distributed Real-Time Database Systems (1996)
Gupta, Ramesh, Haritsa, Jayant, Ramamritham, Krithi, Seshadri, S
We investigate here the performance implications of supporting transaction atomicity in a distributed real-time database system. Using a detailed simulation model of a firm-deadline distributed...
Index Concurrency Control in Firm Real-Time DBMS (1996)
Haritsa, Jayant R, Seshadri, S
Research on real-time database systems (RTDBS) has been underway for close to a decade now. So far, this research has focused mainly o11 identifying the appropriate choice, with respect to meeting...
Integrating standard transactions in firm real-time database systems (1996)
Thomas, Shiby, Seshadri, S, Haritsa, Jayant R
Real-time database systems are designed to handle workloads where transactions have completion deadlines and the goal is to meet these deadlines. However, many real-time database environments are...
Commit Processing in Distributed Real-Time Database Systems (1996)
Gupta, Ramesh, Haritsa, Jayant, Ramamritham, Krithi, Seshadri, S
We investigate here the performance implications of supporting transaction atomicity in a distributed real-time database system. Using a detailed simulation model of a firm-deadline distributed...
Clustering techniques for minimizing external path length (1996)
A. A. Diwan, Sanjeeva Rane, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan
There are a variety of main-memory access structures, such as segment trees, and quad trees, whose properties, such as good worst-case behaviour, make them attractive for database applicdions....
Real-Time Index Concurrency Control (1996)
Jayant R. Haritsa, S. Seshadri
Abstract---Real-time database systems are expected to rely heavily on indexes to speed up data access and thereby help more transactions meet their deadlines. Accordingly, highperformance index...
Commit Processing in Distributed Real-Time Database Systems (1996)
Ramesh Gupta, Jayant Haritsa, Krithi Ramamritham, S. Seshadri
We investigate here the performance implications of supporting transaction atomicity in a distributed realtime database system. Using a detailed simulation model of a firm-deadline distributed...
Integrating Standard Transactions in Real-Time Database Systems (1996)
Shiby Thomas, S. Seshadri, Jayant R. Haritsa
Real-time database systems are designed to handle workloads where transactions have completion deadlines and the goal is to meet these deadlines. However, many real-time database environments are...
Real-Time Index Concurrency Control (1996)
Jayant R. Haritsa, S. Seshadri
Research on real-time database systems (RTDBS) has been underway for close to a decade now. So far, this research has focused mainly on identifying
Real-Time Index Concurrency Control (1996)
this article, we present an overview of the results obtained so far and identify future research avenues. 2 Project Overview
Clustering Techniques for Minimizing External Path Length (1996)
A. A. Diwan, Diwan Sanjeeva Rane, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan
There are a variety of main-memory access structures, such as segment trees, and quad trees, whose properties, such as good worstcase behaviour, make them attractive for database applications....
Clustering Techniques for Minimizing External Path Length (1996)
A.A. Diwan, Sanjeeva Rane, S. Seshadri, S. Sudarshan
There are a variety of main-memory access structures, such as segment trees, and quad trees, whose properties, such as good worst-case behaviour, make them attractive for database applications....
Commit Processing In Distributed Real-Time Database Systems (1996)
Ramesh Gupta, Jayant Haritsa, Krithi Ramamritham, S. Seshadri
Incorporating distributed data into the real-time framework incurs the well-known additional complexities that are associated with transaction concurrency control and database recovery in distributed...
Commit Processing in Distributed Real-Time Database Systems (1996)
Ramesh Gupta, Jayant Haritsa, Krithi Ramamritham, S. Seshadri
We investigate here the performance implications of supporting transaction atomicity in a distributed realtime database system. Using a detailed simulation model of a firm-deadline distributed...
SO306-4379(96)00002-6 INTEGRATING STANDARD TRANSACTIONS IN FIRM REAL-TIME DATABASE SYSTEMS (1996)
Shiby Thomas, S. Seshadri, Jayant R. Haritsa
Abstract- Real-time database systems are designed to handle workloads where transactions have completion deadlines and the goal is to meet these deadlines. However, many real-time database...
Integrating Standard Transactions (1996)
Shiby Thomas, S. Seshadri, Jayant R. Haritsa
Real-time database systems are designed to handle workloads where transactions have completion deadlines and the goal is to meet these deadlines. However, many real-time database environments are...
Commit Processing in Distributed Real-Time Database Systems (1996)
Ramesh Gupta, Jayant Haritsa, Krithi Ramamritham, S. Seshadri
We investigate here the performance implications of supporting transaction atomicity in a distributed real-time database system. Using a detailed simulation model of a firm-deadline distributed...
Index concurrency control in firm real-time dbms (1995)
Brajesh Goyal, Jayant R. Haritsa, S. Seshadri, V. Srinivasan
Although real-time transaction concurrency control has been extensively studied, the design and evaluation of real-time index concurrency control algorithms has not yet been considered. In this...
Database Compression: A Performance Enhancement Tool (1995)
Gautam Ray, Jayant R. Haritsa, S. Seshadri
Compression is typically used for databases that have grown large enough to create a strain on system storage capacity. We argue here that database compression is attractive from a query processing...
Processing Letters The two headed disk: Stochastic dominance of the greedy policy (1995)
Sridhar Seshadri, Leonard N. Stern, Doron Rotem, S. Seshadri, D. Rotern
Index concurrency control in firm realtime dbms (1995)
Brajesh Goyal, Jayant R. Haritsa, S. Seshadri, V. Srinivasan
Although real-time transaction concurrency control has been extensively studied, the design and evaluation of real-time in&l: concurrency control algorithms has not yet been considered. In this...
Design Issues for Extensible Concurrency Control Mechanisms (1994)
Seshadri Shiby, S. Seshadri, Shiby Thomas, Jayant R. Haritsa
Relational database management systems lack the requisite support for specialized applications such as engineering databases, electronic design databases, geographic databases, etc. Extensible...
Design Issues for Extensible Concurrency Control Mechanisms (1994)
Seshadri Shiby, S. Seshadri, Shiby Thomas, Jayant Haritsa
Relational database management systems lack the requisite support for specialized applications such as engineering databases, electronic design databases, geographic databases, etc. Extensible...
Indexing Techniques in Object Oriented Databases (1994)
Object Oriented Database systems (OODBs) need efficient indexing techniques just like other Database systems. However, B -trees which work very well for Relational Database systems are not good...
Optimal arrangements of cartridges in carousel type mass storage systems (1994)
Seshadri, S., Rotem, D., Segev, A.
Optimal arrangements of cartridges and file partitioning schemes are examined in carousel type mass storage systems using Markov decision theory. It is shown that the Organ-Pipe Arrangement is...
The hcC-tree: An Efficient Index Structure For Object Oriented Databases (1994)
seshadriOcse.iitb.ernet.in
Psychotherapy Programme For Psychiatry Residents At NIMHANs - 1. A Descriptive Account (1993)
Shamasundar, C, Verghese, M, Raguram, R, Jain, S, Girimaji, S, Seshadri, S, ...
Practical Skew Handling in Parallel Joins (1992)
David J. Dewitt, Je F. Naughton, Donovan A. Schneider, S. Seshadri
We present an approach to dealing with skew in parallel joins in database systems. Our approach is easily implementable within current parallel DBMS, and performs well on skewed data without...
Practical Skew Handling in Parallel Joins (1992)
David J. Dewitt, Je F. Naughton, Donovan A. Schneider, S. Seshadri
We present an approach to dealing with skew in parallel joins in database systems. Our approach is easily implementable within current parallel DBMS, and performs well on skewed data without...
Practical Skew Handling in Parallel Joins (1992)
David J. DeWitt, Jeffrey F. Naughton, Donovan A. Schneider, S. Seshadri
We present an approach to dealing with skew in parallel joins in database systems. Our approach is easily implementable within current parallel DBMS, and performs well on skewed data without...
C. Mohan, D. Haderle, B. Lindsay, H. Pirahesh, P. Bohannon, J. Parker, ...
method supporting ne-granularity locking and partial rollbacks using write-ahead logging. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 17(1):94{162, March 1992. [15] C. Mohan and I. Narang. Recovery and...
On the Expected Size of Recursive Datalog Queries (1991)
S. Seshadri, Jeffrey F. Naughton
We present asymptotically exact expressions for the expected sizes of relations defined by three well-studied Datalog recursions, namely the "transitive closure", "same generation...
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