S. T. Smale

Widespread failure of hematolymphoid differentiation caused by a recessive niche-filling allele of the Ikaros transcription factor (2003)

Papathanasiou, P., Perkins, A. C., Cobb, B. S., Ferrini, R., Sridharan, R., Hoyne, G. F., ...

A central issue in understanding the hematolymphoid system is the generation of appropriate mutant alleles in mice to reveal the function of regulatory genes. Here we describe a mouse strain,...

Transcription of the lymphocyte-specific terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene requires a specific core promoter structure.

Garraway, I P, Semple, K, Smale, S T

The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) gene encodes a template-independent DNA polymerase that is expressed exclusively in immature lymphocytes. The TdT promoter lacks a TATA box, but an...

Similarity between a ubiquitous promoter element in an ancient eukaryote and mammalian initiator elements.

Quon, D V, Delgadillo, M G, Khachi, A, Smale, S T, Johnson, P J

To identify regulatory elements that play a role in transcription initiation in ancient eukaryotes, we have analyzed the upstream regions of protein-coding genes from Trichomonas vaginalis, one of...

Transcriptional activation by Sp1 as directed through TATA or initiator: specific requirement for mammalian transcription factor IID.

Smale, S T, Schmidt, M C, Berk, A J, Baltimore, D

Transcription of mammalian genes by RNA polymerase II often begins at a specific nucleotide, whose location is determined either by an upstream DNA element known as a TATA box or by an element...

Sp1 activation of a TATA-less promoter requires a species-specific interaction involving transcription factor IID.

Emami, K H, Burke, T W, Smale, S T

Sp1 is a ubiquitous activator of numerous TATA-containing and TATA-less promoters within the human genome. This transcription factor is distinct from several other mammalian activators because it...

Core promoter specificities of the Sp1 and VP16 transcriptional activation domains.

Emami, K H, Navarre, W W, Smale, S T

The core promoter compositions of mammalian protein-coding genes are highly variable; some contain TATA boxes, some contain initiator (Inr) elements, and others contain both or neither of these basal...

A potential role for Elf-1 in terminal transferase gene regulation.

Ernst, P, Hahm, K, Trinh, L, Davis, J N, Roussel, M F, Turck, C W, ...

The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) gene represents an attractive model for the analysis of gene regulation during an early phase of lymphocyte development. In previous studies, we...

Multiple control elements mediate activation of the murine and human interleukin 12 p40 promoters: evidence of functional synergy between C/EBP and Rel proteins.

Plevy, S E, Gemberling, J H, Hsu, S, Dorner, A J, Smale, S T

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine whose activity is critical for T-helper 1 responses. The gene for the IL-12 p40 subunit is expressed in macrophages following induction by bacterial...

Alternative pathway for induction of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression: involvement of the general transcription machinery.

Sakaguchi, M, Zenzie-Gregory, B, Groopman, J E, Smale, S T, Kim, S Y

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is viable and mitogen inducible in the absence of its binding sites for the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B. We have investigated alternative...

Isolation of a murine gene encoding a nucleic acid-binding protein with homology to hnRNP K.

Hahm, K, Kim, G, Turck, C W, Smale, S T

DNA sequence requirements for transcriptional initiator activity in mammalian cells.

Javahery, R, Khachi, A, Lo, K, Zenzie-Gregory, B, Smale, S T

A transcriptional initiator (Inr) for mammalian RNA polymerase II can be defined as a DNA sequence element that overlaps a transcription start site and is sufficient for (i) determining the start...

Both LyF-1 and an Ets protein interact with a critical promoter element in the murine terminal transferase gene.

Ernst, P, Hahm, K, Smale, S T

Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) is a template-independent DNA polymerase that is expressed transiently during the earliest stages of B- and T-cell ontogeny. Previously, we characterized...

Mechanism of initiator-mediated transcription: evidence for a functional interaction between the TATA-binding protein and DNA in the absence of a specific recognition sequence.

Zenzie-Gregory, B, Khachi, A, Garraway, I P, Smale, S T

Promoters containing Sp1 binding sites and an initiator element but lacking a TATA box direct high levels of accurate transcription initiation by using a mechanism that requires the TATA-binding...

LyF-1, a transcriptional regulator that interacts with a novel class of promoters for lymphocyte-specific genes.

Lo, K, Landau, N R, Smale, S T

We have studied transcriptional control of the murine terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) gene, which is activated specifically in immature B and T lymphocytes. This analysis has led to the...

Transcription of herpes simplex virus tk sequences under the control of wild-type and mutant human RNA polymerase I promoters.

Smale, S T, Tjian, R

We studied RNA polymerase I transcription in cells transfected with a plasmid, prHuTK, containing the herpes simplex virus tk gene fused to a human rRNA promoter. Primer extension analysis of tk RNA...

T-antigen-DNA polymerase alpha complex implicated in simian virus 40 DNA replication.

Smale, S T, Tjian, R

We have combined in vitro DNA replication reactions and immunological techniques to analyze biochemical interactions between simian virus (SV40) large T antigen and components of the cellular...

Two distinct promoter elements in the human rRNA gene identified by linker scanning mutagenesis.

Haltiner, M M, Smale, S T, Tjian, R

A cell-free RNA polymerase I transcription system was used to evaluate the transcription efficiency of 21 linker scanning mutations that span the human rRNA gene promoter. Our analysis revealed the...

Regulation of human ribosomal RNA transcription.

Learned, R M, Smale, S T, Haltiner, M M, Tjian, R

We have used a cell-free polymerase I transcription system derived from HeLa cells to study the regulation of human rRNA synthesis. Analysis of deletion mutants spanning the start site of...

The lymphoid transcription factor LyF-1 is encoded by specific, alternatively spliced mRNAs derived from the Ikaros gene.

Hahm, K, Ernst, P, Lo, K, Kim, G S, Turck, C, Smale, S T

The lymphocyte-specific DNA-binding protein LyF-1 interacts with a critical control element in the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) promoter as well as with the promoters for other genes...

Transcription of the lymphocyte-specific terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene requires a specific core promoter structure.

Garraway, I P, Semple, K, Smale, S T

The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) gene encodes a template-independent DNA polymerase that is expressed exclusively in immature lymphocytes. The TdT promoter lacks a TATA box, but an...

Similarity between a ubiquitous promoter element in an ancient eukaryote and mammalian initiator elements.

Quon, D V, Delgadillo, M G, Khachi, A, Smale, S T, Johnson, P J

To identify regulatory elements that play a role in transcription initiation in ancient eukaryotes, we have analyzed the upstream regions of protein-coding genes from Trichomonas vaginalis, one of...

Transcriptional activation by Sp1 as directed through TATA or initiator: specific requirement for mammalian transcription factor IID.

Smale, S T, Schmidt, M C, Berk, A J, Baltimore, D

Transcription of mammalian genes by RNA polymerase II often begins at a specific nucleotide, whose location is determined either by an upstream DNA element known as a TATA box or by an element...

Sp1 activation of a TATA-less promoter requires a species-specific interaction involving transcription factor IID.

Emami, K H, Burke, T W, Smale, S T

Sp1 is a ubiquitous activator of numerous TATA-containing and TATA-less promoters within the human genome. This transcription factor is distinct from several other mammalian activators because it...

Core promoter specificities of the Sp1 and VP16 transcriptional activation domains.

Emami, K H, Navarre, W W, Smale, S T

The core promoter compositions of mammalian protein-coding genes are highly variable; some contain TATA boxes, some contain initiator (Inr) elements, and others contain both or neither of these basal...

A potential role for Elf-1 in terminal transferase gene regulation.

Ernst, P, Hahm, K, Trinh, L, Davis, J N, Roussel, M F, Turck, C W, ...

The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) gene represents an attractive model for the analysis of gene regulation during an early phase of lymphocyte development. In previous studies, we...

Multiple control elements mediate activation of the murine and human interleukin 12 p40 promoters: evidence of functional synergy between C/EBP and Rel proteins.

Plevy, S E, Gemberling, J H, Hsu, S, Dorner, A J, Smale, S T

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine whose activity is critical for T-helper 1 responses. The gene for the IL-12 p40 subunit is expressed in macrophages following induction by bacterial...

Alternative pathway for induction of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression: involvement of the general transcription machinery.

Sakaguchi, M, Zenzie-Gregory, B, Groopman, J E, Smale, S T, Kim, S Y

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is viable and mitogen inducible in the absence of its binding sites for the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B. We have investigated alternative...

Isolation of a murine gene encoding a nucleic acid-binding protein with homology to hnRNP K.

Hahm, K, Kim, G, Turck, C W, Smale, S T

DNA sequence requirements for transcriptional initiator activity in mammalian cells.

Javahery, R, Khachi, A, Lo, K, Zenzie-Gregory, B, Smale, S T

A transcriptional initiator (Inr) for mammalian RNA polymerase II can be defined as a DNA sequence element that overlaps a transcription start site and is sufficient for (i) determining the start...

The lymphoid transcription factor LyF-1 is encoded by specific, alternatively spliced mRNAs derived from the Ikaros gene.

Hahm, K, Ernst, P, Lo, K, Kim, G S, Turck, C, Smale, S T

The lymphocyte-specific DNA-binding protein LyF-1 interacts with a critical control element in the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) promoter as well as with the promoters for other genes...

Both LyF-1 and an Ets protein interact with a critical promoter element in the murine terminal transferase gene.

Ernst, P, Hahm, K, Smale, S T

Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) is a template-independent DNA polymerase that is expressed transiently during the earliest stages of B- and T-cell ontogeny. Previously, we characterized...

Mechanism of initiator-mediated transcription: evidence for a functional interaction between the TATA-binding protein and DNA in the absence of a specific recognition sequence.

Zenzie-Gregory, B, Khachi, A, Garraway, I P, Smale, S T

Promoters containing Sp1 binding sites and an initiator element but lacking a TATA box direct high levels of accurate transcription initiation by using a mechanism that requires the TATA-binding...

LyF-1, a transcriptional regulator that interacts with a novel class of promoters for lymphocyte-specific genes.

Lo, K, Landau, N R, Smale, S T

We have studied transcriptional control of the murine terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) gene, which is activated specifically in immature B and T lymphocytes. This analysis has led to the...

Transcription of herpes simplex virus tk sequences under the control of wild-type and mutant human RNA polymerase I promoters.

Smale, S T, Tjian, R

We studied RNA polymerase I transcription in cells transfected with a plasmid, prHuTK, containing the herpes simplex virus tk gene fused to a human rRNA promoter. Primer extension analysis of tk RNA...

T-antigen-DNA polymerase alpha complex implicated in simian virus 40 DNA replication.

Smale, S T, Tjian, R

We have combined in vitro DNA replication reactions and immunological techniques to analyze biochemical interactions between simian virus (SV40) large T antigen and components of the cellular...

Two distinct promoter elements in the human rRNA gene identified by linker scanning mutagenesis.

Haltiner, M M, Smale, S T, Tjian, R

A cell-free RNA polymerase I transcription system was used to evaluate the transcription efficiency of 21 linker scanning mutations that span the human rRNA gene promoter. Our analysis revealed the...

Regulation of human ribosomal RNA transcription.

Learned, R M, Smale, S T, Haltiner, M M, Tjian, R

We have used a cell-free polymerase I transcription system derived from HeLa cells to study the regulation of human rRNA synthesis. Analysis of deletion mutants spanning the start site of...