Sina Bavari

Discovery of common marburgvirus protective epitopes in a BALB/c mouse model (2009)

Kalina, Warren V, Warfield, Kelly L, Olinger, Gene G, Bavari, Sina

Abstract Background Marburg virus (MARV) causes acute hemorrhagic fever that is often lethal, and no licensed vaccines are available for preventing this deadly viral infection. The immune mechanisms...

Development of a model for marburgvirus based on severe-combined immunodeficiency mice (2007)

Warfield, Kelly L, Alves, Derron A, Bradfute, Steven B, Reed, Daniel K, VanTongeren, Sean, Kalina, Warren V, ...

Abstract The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), cause a lethal hemorrhagic fever. Human isolates of MARV are not lethal to immmunocompetent adult mice and, to date, there are no reports of...

A Refined Pharmacophore Identifies Potent 4-Amino-7-chloroquinoline-Based Inhibitors of the Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Metalloprotease (2007)

Burnett, James C., Opsenica, Dejan, Sriraghavan, Kamaraj, Panchal, Rekha G., Ruthel, Gordon, Hermone, Ann R., ...

We previously identified structurally diverse small molecule (non-peptidic) inhibitors (SMNPIs) of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) light chain (LC). Of these, several (including...

Gene-Specific Countermeasures against Ebola Virus Based on Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers (2006)

Kelly L. Warfield, Dana L. Swenson, Gene G. Olinger, Donald K. Nichols, William D. Pratt, Robert Blouch, ...

The filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus (EBOV) quickly outpace host immune responses and cause hemorrhagic fever, resulting in case fatality rates as high as 90% in humans and nearly 100% in...

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival (2006)

Ribot, Wilson J., Panchal, Rekha G., Brittingham, Katherine C., Ruthel, Gordon, Kenny, Tara A., Lane, Douglas, ...

Alveolar macrophages (AM) are very important for pulmonary innate immune responses against invading inhaled pathogens because they directly kill the organisms and initiate a cascade of innate and...

Conformational Sampling of the Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype a Light Chain: Implications for Inhibitor Binding (2005)

Burnett, James C., Schmidt, James J., McGrath, Connor F., Nguyen, Tam L., Hermone, Ann R., Panchal, Rekha G., ...

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent of the known biological toxins, and consequently are listed as category A biowarfare agents. Currently, the only treatments against BoNTs include...

Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors of Botulinum Neurotoxin a Metalloprotease Activity (2003)

Burnett, James C., Schmidt, James J., Stafford, Robert G., Panchal, Rekha G., Nguyen, Tam L., Hermone, Ann R., ...

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most lethal biological substances to have been weaponized and are listed as biodefense category A agents. Currently, no small molecule (non-peptidic)...

Time-Lapse Confocal Imaging of Development of Bacillus anthracis in Macrophages (1998)

Ruthel, Gordon, Ribot, Wilson J., Bavari, Sina, Hoover, Timothy A.

Macrophages attempt to battle infection with Bacillus anthracis spores by phagocytosis of the spores. However, it is believed that B. anthracis spores may survive phagocytosis and may actually use...

Mutational Effects on Protein Folding Stability and Antigenicity: The Case of Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin A (1998)

Carra, John H., Welcher, Brent C., Schokman, Rowene D., David, Chella S., Bavari, Sina

The influence of mutationally induced changes in protein folding on development of effective neutralizing antibodies during vaccination remains largely unexplored. In this study, we probed how...

Association of Ebola Virus Matrix Protein VP40 with Microtubules (1998)

Ruthel, Gordon, Demmin, Gretchen L., Kallstrom, George, Javid, Melodi P., Badie, Shirin S., Will, Amy B., ...

Viruses exploit a variety of cellular components to complete their life cycles, and it has become increasingly clear that use of host cell microtubules is a vital part of the infection process for...

Human Leukocyte Antigen-DQ8 Transgenic Mice: A Model to Examine the Toxicity of Aerosolized Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (1998)

Roy, Chad J., Warfield, Kelly L., Welcher, Brent C., Gonzales, Raoul F., Larsen, Tom, Hanson, Julie, ...

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) belong to a large group of bacterial exotoxins that cause severe immunopathologies, especially when delivered as an aerosol. SEs elicit the release of lethal amounts...

Virus-Like Particles Exhibit Potential as a Pan-Filovirus Vaccine for Both Ebola and Marburg Viral Infections (1998)

Swenson, Dana L., Warfield, Kelly L., Negley, Diane L., Schmaljohn, Alan, Aman, M. J., Bavari, Sina

A safe and effective pan-filovirus vaccine is highly desirable since the filoviruses Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) cause highly lethal disease typified by unimpeded viral replication...

Analysis of Ebola Virus and VLP Release Using an Immunocapture Assay (1998)

Kallstrom, George, Warfield, Kelly L., Swenson, Dana L., Mort, Shannon, Panchal, Rekha G., Ruthel, Gordon, ...

Ebola virus (EBOV), an emerging pathogen, is the causative agent of a rapidly progressive hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. There are currently no approved vaccines or treatments available...

Conformational Sampling of the Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A Light Chain: Implications for Inhibitor Binding (1998)

Burnett, James C., Schmidt, James J., McGrath, Connor F., Nguyen, Tam L., Hermone, Ann R., Panchal, Rekha G., ...

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent of the known biological toxins, and consequently are listed as category A biowarfare agents. Currently, the only treatments against BoNTs include...

An All-Atom Model of the Pore-Like Structure of Hexameric VP40 from Ebola: Structural Insights into the Monomer-Hexamer Transition (1998)

Nguyen, Tam L., Schoehn, Guy, Weissenhorn, Winfried, Hermone, Ann R., Burnett, James C., Panchal, Rekha G., ...

The matrix protein VP40 is an indispensable component of viral assembly and budding by the Ebola virus. VP40 is a monomer in solution, but can fold into hexameric and octameric states, two oligomeric...

The Evolving Field of Biodefence: Therapeutic Developments and Diagnostics (1998)

Burnett, James C., Henchal, Erik A., Schmaljohn, Alan L., Bavari, Sina

The threat of bioterrorism and the potential use of biological weapons against both military and civilian populations have become major concerns for governments around the world. For perspective, in...

Filovirus-Like Particles as Vaccines and Discovery Tools (1998)

Warfield, Kelly L., Swenson, Dana L., Demmin, Gretchen L., Bavari, Sina

Ebola and Marburg viruses are members of the family Filoviridae, which cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Filovirus outbreaks have been sporadic, with mortality rates currently ranging from...

Persistence of Zinc-Binding Bacterial Superantigens at the Surface of Antigen-Presenting Cells Contributes to the Extreme Potency of These Superantigens as T-Cell Activators (1998)

Pless, Dorothy D., Ruthel, Gordon, Reinke, Emily K., Ulrich, Robert G., Bavari, Sina

Bacterial superantigen intoxication causes massive overactivation of T cells, which can result in potentially lethal toxic shock. Superantigens fall into two groups: superantigens such as...

Anthrax Biosensor, Protective Antigen Ion Channel Asymmetric Blockade (1998)

Halverson, Kelly M., Panchal, Rekha G., Nguyen, Tam L., Gussio, Rick, Little, Stephen F., Misakian, Martin, ...

Bacillus anthracis secretes three proteins (protective antigen, PA; lethal factor, LF; and edema factor, EF) that are the basis for anthrax infection. We present electrophysiological measurements...

Gene-Specific Countermeasures Against Ebola Virus Based on Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers (1998)

Warfield, Kelly L., Swenson, Dana L., Olinger, Gene G., Nicholas, Donald K., Pratt, William D., Blouch, Robert, ...

The filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus (EBOV) quickly outpace host immune responses and cause hemorrhagic fever, resulting in case fatality rates as high as 90% in humans and nearly 100% in...

VP35 Knockdown Inhibits Ebola Virus Amplification and Protects Against Lethal Infection in Mice (1998)

Enterlein, Sven, Warfield, Kelly L., Swenson, Dana L., Stein, David A., Smith, Jeffrey L., Gamble, C. S., ...

Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) are a class of uncharged single-stranded DNA analogs modified such that each subunit includes a phosphorodiamidate linkage and morpholine ring. PMO...

Lactobacilli Activate Human Dendritic Cells that Skew T Cells Toward T Helper 1 Polarization (1998)

Mohamadzadeh, Mansour, Olson, Scott, Kalina, Warren V., Ruthel, Gordon, Demmin, Gretchen L., Warfield, Kelly L., ...

Professional antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are critical in regulating T cell immune responses at both systemic and mucosal sites. Many Lactobacillus species are normal members of the human...

Conserved Receptor-Binding Domains of Lake Victoria Marburgvirus and Zaire Ebolavirus Bind a Shared Receptor (1998)

Kuhn, Jens H., Radoshitzky, Sheli R., Guth, Alexander C., Warfield, Kelly L., Li, Wenhui, Vincent, Martin J., ...

The GP(sub 1,2) envelope glycoproteins of filoviruses (marburg- and ebolaviruses) mediate cell-surface attachment, membrane fusion, and entry into permissive cells. Here we show that a 151-amino acid...

Dominance of Human Innate Immune Responses in Primary Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain Vaccination (1998)

Fuller, Claudette L., Brittingham, Katherine C., Hepburn, Matthew J., Martin, James W., Petitt, Patricia L., Pittman, Phillip R., ...

Francisella tularensis is the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease, tularemia. An inoculum as small as 10 bacteria can cause a flulike disease with substantial morbidity and mortality among...

An ELISA for Studying Ebola Virus / VLP Release (1998)

Kallstrom, George, Aman, M. J., Bavari, Sina

Partial contents: Filovirus Background, ELISA setup and optimization, Effects of Ebola proteins on VLP release, Effects of VP40 mutants on VLP release, Therapeutic compound screening.

Modulation of lnterleukin-2-Driven Proliferation of Human Large Granular Lymphocytes by Carbaryl, an Anticholinesterase Insecticide (1991)

BAVARI, SINA, CASALE, GEORGE P., GOLD, ROGER E., VITZTHUM, EDWARD F.

Modulation of Interieukin-2-Driven Proliferation of Human Large Granular Lymphocytes by Carbaryl, an Anticholinesterase Insecticide. Bavari, S., Casale, G. P., Gold, R. E., and Vitzthum, E. F....

Inhibition of Human Serum Complement Activity by Diisopropylfluorophosphate and Selected Anticholinesterase Insecticides (1989)

CASALE, GEORGE P, BAVARI, SINA, CONNOLLY, JOHN J

Inhibition of Human Serum Complement Activity by Diisopropylfluorophosphate and Selected Anticholinesterase Insecticides. CASALE, G. P., BAVARI, S., AND CONNOLLY, J. J. (1989). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol....

Human Antibodies to Bacterial Superantigens and Their Ability To Inhibit T-Cell Activation and Lethality

LeClaire, Ross D., Bavari, Sina

Bacterial superantigens (BSAgs) cause massive stimulation of the immune system and are associated with various pathologies and diseases. To address the role of antibodies in protection against BSAgs,...

High-Affinity, Protective Antibodies to the Binding Domain of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A

Pless, Dorothy D., Torres, Edna R., Reinke, Emily K., Bavari, Sina

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against the putative binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A), a nontoxic 50-kDa fragment. Initially, all fusion products were screened against the...

Macrophage-Derived Cell Lines Do Not Express Proinflammatory Cytokines after Exposure to Bacillus anthracis Lethal Toxin

Erwin, James L., DaSilva, Luis M., Bavari, Sina, Little, Stephen F., Friedlander, Arthur M., Chanh, Tran C.

We present evidence that Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT) suppresses rather than induces proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. Suppression is observed with extremely low levels of...

Protection against Bacterial Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by Passive Vaccination

LeClaire, Ross D., Hunt, Robert E., Bavari, Sina

We investigated the ability of two overlapping fragments of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which encompass the whole toxin, to induce protection and also examined if passive transfer of chicken...

Ebola virus-like particles protect from lethal Ebola virus infection

Warfield, Kelly L., Bosio, Catharine M., Welcher, Brent C., Deal, Emily M., Mohamadzadeh, Mansour, Schmaljohn, Alan, ...

The filovirus Ebola causes hemorrhagic fever with 70–80% human mortality. High case-fatality rates, as well as known aerosol infectivity, make Ebola virus a potential global health threat and...

In vivo oligomerization and raft localization of Ebola virus protein VP40 during vesicular budding

Panchal, Rekha G., Ruthel, Gordon, Kenny, Tara A., Kallstrom, George H., Lane, Douglas, Badie, Shirin S., ...

The matrix protein VP40 plays a critical role in Ebola virus assembly and budding, a process that utilizes specialized membrane domains known as lipid rafts. Previous studies with purified protein...

Lactobacilli activate human dendritic cells that skew T cells toward T helper 1 polarization

Mohamadzadeh, Mansour, Olson, Scott, Kalina, Warren V., Ruthel, Gordon, Demmin, Gretchen L., Warfield, Kelly L., ...

Professional antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are critical in regulating T cell immune responses at both systemic and mucosal sites. Many Lactobacillus species are normal members of the human...

Association of Ebola Virus Matrix Protein VP40 with Microtubules

Ruthel, Gordon, Demmin, Gretchen L., Kallstrom, George, Javid, Melodi P., Badie, Shirin S., Will, Amy B., ...

Viruses exploit a variety of cellular components to complete their life cycles, and it has become increasingly clear that use of host cell microtubules is a vital part of the infection process for...

Human Leukocyte Antigen-DQ8 Transgenic Mice: a Model To Examine the Toxicity of Aerosolized Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Roy, Chad J., Warfield, Kelly L., Welcher, Brent C., Gonzales, Raoul F., Larsen, Tom, Hanson, Julie, ...

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) belong to a large group of bacterial exotoxins that cause severe immunopathologies, especially when delivered as an aerosol. SEs elicit the release of lethal amounts...

Persistence of Zinc-Binding Bacterial Superantigens at the Surface of Antigen-Presenting Cells Contributes to the Extreme Potency of These Superantigens as T-Cell Activators

Pless, Dorothy D., Ruthel, Gordon, Reinke, Emily K., Ulrich, Robert G., Bavari, Sina

Bacterial superantigen intoxication causes massive overactivation of T cells, which can result in potentially lethal toxic shock. Superantigens fall into two groups: superantigens such as...

Gene-Specific Countermeasures against Ebola Virus Based on Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers

Warfield, Kelly L, Swenson, Dana L, Olinger, Gene G, Nichols, Donald K, Pratt, William D, Blouch, Robert, ...

The filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus (EBOV) quickly outpace host immune responses and cause hemorrhagic fever, resulting in case fatality rates as high as 90% in humans and nearly 100% in...

VP35 Knockdown Inhibits Ebola Virus Amplification and Protects against Lethal Infection in Mice

Enterlein, Sven, Warfield, Kelly L., Swenson, Dana L., Stein, David A., Smith, Jeffery L., Gamble, C. Scott, ...

Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) are a class of uncharged single-stranded DNA analogs modified such that each subunit includes a phosphorodiamidate linkage and morpholine ring. PMO...

Human Antibodies to Bacterial Superantigens and Their Ability To Inhibit T-Cell Activation and Lethality

LeClaire, Ross D., Bavari, Sina

Bacterial superantigens (BSAgs) cause massive stimulation of the immune system and are associated with various pathologies and diseases. To address the role of antibodies in protection against BSAgs,...

High-Affinity, Protective Antibodies to the Binding Domain of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A

Pless, Dorothy D., Torres, Edna R., Reinke, Emily K., Bavari, Sina

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against the putative binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A), a nontoxic 50-kDa fragment. Initially, all fusion products were screened against the...

Macrophage-Derived Cell Lines Do Not Express Proinflammatory Cytokines after Exposure to Bacillus anthracis Lethal Toxin

Erwin, James L., DaSilva, Luis M., Bavari, Sina, Little, Stephen F., Friedlander, Arthur M., Chanh, Tran C.

We present evidence that Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin (LT) suppresses rather than induces proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. Suppression is observed with extremely low levels of...

Protection against Bacterial Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by Passive Vaccination

LeClaire, Ross D., Hunt, Robert E., Bavari, Sina

We investigated the ability of two overlapping fragments of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which encompass the whole toxin, to induce protection and also examined if passive transfer of chicken...

Ebola virus-like particles protect from lethal Ebola virus infection

Warfield, Kelly L., Bosio, Catharine M., Welcher, Brent C., Deal, Emily M., Mohamadzadeh, Mansour, Schmaljohn, Alan, ...

The filovirus Ebola causes hemorrhagic fever with 70–80% human mortality. High case-fatality rates, as well as known aerosol infectivity, make Ebola virus a potential global health threat and...

In vivo oligomerization and raft localization of Ebola virus protein VP40 during vesicular budding

Panchal, Rekha G., Ruthel, Gordon, Kenny, Tara A., Kallstrom, George H., Lane, Douglas, Badie, Shirin S., ...

The matrix protein VP40 plays a critical role in Ebola virus assembly and budding, a process that utilizes specialized membrane domains known as lipid rafts. Previous studies with purified protein...

Lactobacilli activate human dendritic cells that skew T cells toward T helper 1 polarization

Mohamadzadeh, Mansour, Olson, Scott, Kalina, Warren V., Ruthel, Gordon, Demmin, Gretchen L., Warfield, Kelly L., ...

Professional antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are critical in regulating T cell immune responses at both systemic and mucosal sites. Many Lactobacillus species are normal members of the human...

Association of Ebola Virus Matrix Protein VP40 with Microtubules

Ruthel, Gordon, Demmin, Gretchen L., Kallstrom, George, Javid, Melodi P., Badie, Shirin S., Will, Amy B., ...

Viruses exploit a variety of cellular components to complete their life cycles, and it has become increasingly clear that use of host cell microtubules is a vital part of the infection process for...

Human Leukocyte Antigen-DQ8 Transgenic Mice: a Model To Examine the Toxicity of Aerosolized Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B

Roy, Chad J., Warfield, Kelly L., Welcher, Brent C., Gonzales, Raoul F., Larsen, Tom, Hanson, Julie, ...

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) belong to a large group of bacterial exotoxins that cause severe immunopathologies, especially when delivered as an aerosol. SEs elicit the release of lethal amounts...

Persistence of Zinc-Binding Bacterial Superantigens at the Surface of Antigen-Presenting Cells Contributes to the Extreme Potency of These Superantigens as T-Cell Activators

Pless, Dorothy D., Ruthel, Gordon, Reinke, Emily K., Ulrich, Robert G., Bavari, Sina

Bacterial superantigen intoxication causes massive overactivation of T cells, which can result in potentially lethal toxic shock. Superantigens fall into two groups: superantigens such as...

Gene-Specific Countermeasures against Ebola Virus Based on Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers

Warfield, Kelly L, Swenson, Dana L, Olinger, Gene G, Nichols, Donald K, Pratt, William D, Blouch, Robert, ...

The filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus (EBOV) quickly outpace host immune responses and cause hemorrhagic fever, resulting in case fatality rates as high as 90% in humans and nearly 100% in...

VP35 Knockdown Inhibits Ebola Virus Amplification and Protects against Lethal Infection in Mice

Enterlein, Sven, Warfield, Kelly L., Swenson, Dana L., Stein, David A., Smith, Jeffery L., Gamble, C. Scott, ...

Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMO) are a class of uncharged single-stranded DNA analogs modified such that each subunit includes a phosphorodiamidate linkage and morpholine ring. PMO...

Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Survival

Ribot, Wilson J., Panchal, Rekha G., Brittingham, Katherine C., Ruthel, Gordon, Kenny, Tara A., Lane, Douglas, ...

Alveolar macrophages (AM) are very important for pulmonary innate immune responses against invading inhaled pathogens because they directly kill the organisms and initiate a cascade of innate and...

Development of a model for marburgvirus based on severe-combined immunodeficiency mice

Warfield, Kelly L, Alves, Derron A, Bradfute, Steven B, Reed, Daniel K, VanTongeren, Sean, Kalina, Warren V, ...

The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), cause a lethal hemorrhagic fever. Human isolates of MARV are not lethal to immmunocompetent adult mice and, to date, there are no reports of a...

Role of Natural Killer Cells in Innate Protection against Lethal Ebola Virus Infection

Warfield, Kelly L., Perkins, Jeremy G., Swenson, Dana L., Deal, Emily M., Bosio, Catharine M., Aman, M. Javad, ...

Ebola virus is a highly lethal human pathogen and is rapidly driving many wild primate populations toward extinction. Several lines of evidence suggest that innate, nonspecific host factors are...

Lipid Raft Microdomains: A Gateway for Compartmentalized Trafficking of Ebola and Marburg Viruses〉

Bavari, Sina, Bosio, Catharine M., Wiegand, Elizabeth, Ruthel, Gordon, Will, Amy B., Geisbert, Thomas W., ...

Spatiotemporal aspects of filovirus entry and release are poorly understood. Lipid rafts act as functional platforms for multiple cellular signaling and trafficking processes. Here, we report the...

Sizing the Bacillus anthracis PA63 Channel with Nonelectrolyte Poly(Ethylene Glycols)

Nablo, Brian J., Halverson, Kelly M., Robertson, Joseph W. F., Nguyen, Tam L., Panchal, Rekha G., Gussio, Rick, ...

Nonelectrolyte polymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were used to estimate the diameter of the ion channel formed by the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen 63 (PA63). Based on the ability of...

Chemical Modifications of Antisense Morpholino Oligomers Enhance Their Efficacy against Ebola Virus Infection▿

Swenson, Dana L., Warfield, Kelly L., Warren, Travis K., Lovejoy, Candace, Hassinger, Jed N., Ruthel, Gordon, ...

Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are uncharged nucleic acid-like molecules designed to inactivate the expression of specific genes via the antisense-based steric hindrance of mRNA...