Stanley Falkow

Publication List Details

Period

1960 - 2009

Number

181

Co-Authors

Streptococcus pneumoniaenasopharyngeal colonization induces type I interferons and interferon-induced gene expression (2009)

Joyce, Elizabeth A, Popper, Stephen J, Falkow, Stanley

Abstract Background We employed DNA microarray technology to investigate the host response to Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse model of asymptomatic carriage. Over a period of six weeks, we...

Immunopathology and Infectious Disease The Role of Antigenic Drive and Tumor-Infiltrating Accessory Cells in the Pathogenesis of Helicobacter- Induced Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (2008)

Anne Mueller, Pauline Chu, A Chu, Michael F. Dixon, Donna M. Bouley, Adrian Lee, ...

Gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type is closely linked to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. Most clinical and histopathological features of the tumor can be...

BMC Bioinformatics Methodology article Significance analysis of lexical bias in microarray data (2007)

Charles C Kim, Charles C Kim, Stanley Falkow, Stanley Falkow

Background: Genes that are determined to be significantly differentially regulated in microarray analyses often appear to have functional commonalities, such as being components of the same...

BEHAVIOR OF COLIPHAGE LAMBDA IN HYBRIDS BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA (2005)

Baron, L. S., Penido, Elisa, Ryman, I. R., Falkow, Stanley

Salmonella typhosa hybrids able to adsorb lambda were obtained by mating S. typhosa recipients with Escherichia coli K-12 donors. After adsorption of wild-type lambda to these S. typhosa hybrids, no...

Significance analysis of lexical bias in microarray data (2003)

Kim, Charles C, Falkow, Stanley

Abstract Background Genes that are determined to be significantly differentially regulated in microarray analyses often appear to have functional commonalities, such as being components of the same...

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae (2003)

Falkow, Stanley

The applicability and limitations of examining clinical specimins with DNA hybridization technique for gnes encoding enterotoxins was examined using 24 heat-labile and heat-stable (LT+ST+), 17...

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae (2003)

Falkow, Stanley

A new method for the detection of plasmid DNA in clinical isolates has been developed. The method requires only small culture volumes and can detect plasmid genomes ranging from 1 x 10 to the 6th...

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae (2003)

Falkow, Stanley

Current methods for the detection and isolation of enterotoxigenic e. coli (ETEC) are unsuitable for assaying large numbers of isolates. An alternative method is described which is based on detection...

Molecular Basis of Pathogenicity in Enteric Bacteria (2003)

Falkow, Stanley

We have focused upon the genetic and molecular basis by which pathogenic microorganisms penetrate eucaryotic cells. Our studies show that the pathogenic Versinia share at least two distinct...

Molecular Basis of Pathogenicity in Enteric Bacteria (2003)

Falkow, Stanley

A new quantitative assay for the determination of the E. coli heat- stable enterotoxin has been developed which is about 10-fold more sensitive than existing methods. A strategy for the development...

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae (2003)

Falkow, Stanley

A new quantitative assay for the determination of E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin has been developed which is about 10-fold more sensitive than existing methods. A strategy for the development of...

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae (2003)

Falkow, Stanley

The antibiotic resistance gene of R plasmids which encodes for ampicillin resistance resides upon a 3.7 x 3700000 dalton sequence of DNA, TnA, which can migrate (translocate) from plasmid to plasmid....

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae (2003)

Falkow, Stanley

Colicin V is a protein elaborated by a variety of plasmids called collectively, ColV. It has been shown that ColV plasmids are far more likely to be found in E. coli strains isolated from...

Improved analytical methods for microarray-based genome-composition analysis (2002)

Kim, Charles C, Joyce, Elizabeth A, Chan, Kaman, Falkow, Stanley

Abstract Background Whereas genome sequencing has given us high-resolution pictures of many different species of bacteria, microarrays provide a means of obtaining information on genome composition...

Genomic Comparison of Salmonella enterica Serovars and Salmonella bongori by Use of an S. enterica Serovar (2002)

Typhimurium Dna Microarray, Kaman Chan, Stephen Baker, Charles C. Kim, Corrella S. Detweiler, Gordon Dougan, ...

The genus Salmonella consists of over 2,200 serovars that differ in their host range and ability to cause disease despite their close genetic relatedness. The genetic factors that influence each...

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae. (1998)

Falkow, Stanley

A gene encoding a heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) from an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a human with diarrhea has been cloned and characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. The gene was...

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae. (1998)

Falkow, Stanley

The structural gene for plasmid-mediated ampicillin resistance resides upon a 3.2 x 10 to the 6th power dalton transposable sequence, TnA, flanked by short inverted repeated sequences which accompany...

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae. (1998)

Falkow, Stanley

Tobrymycin-resistant burn wound isolates from five different bacterial genera contained a common 68 x 10 to the 6th power dalton R plasmid that could be transmitted by conjugation to Escherichia coli...

Infectious Multiple Drug Resistance in the Enterobacteriaceae. (1998)

Falkow, Stanley

Genetic and Molecular studies of R-plasmids have shown that their genome is clearly divisible into three distinct regions. The tra region concerned with conjugation functions is conserved to a high...

Isolation and nucleotide sequence determination of a gene encoding a heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (1983)

Moseley, Steve L., Hardy, Jonathan W., Hug, M. Imdadul, Echeverria, Peter, Falkow, Stanley

A gene encoding a heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) from an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a human with diarrhea was cloned and characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. The gene was found to...

A whole-genome microarray reveals genetic diversity among Helicobacter pylori strains

Salama, Nina, Guillemin, Karen, McDaniel, Timothy K., Sherlock, Gavin, Tompkins, Lucy, Falkow, Stanley

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach of half of the world's population, causing a wide spectrum of disease ranging from asymptomatic gastritis to ulcers to gastric cancer. Although the basis for...

Sequence anomalies in the Cag7 gene of the Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity island

Liu, Guoying, McDaniel, Timothy K., Falkow, Stanley, Karlin, Samuel

The severity of Helicobacter pylori-related disease is correlated with a pathogenicity island (the Cag region of about 26 genes) whose presence is associated with the up-regulation of an IL-8...

Discovery of virulence genes of Legionella pneumophila by using signature tagged mutagenesis in a guinea pig pneumonia model

Edelstein, Paul H., Edelstein, Martha A. C., Higa, Futoshi, Falkow, Stanley

Legionella pneumophila is the cause of Legionnaires’ disease, which is a form of potentially fatal pneumonia. To identify genes required for virulence of the bacterium, a library of 1,386 L....

Yersinia signals macrophages to undergo apoptosis and YopJ is necessary for this cell death

Monack, Denise M., Mecsas, Joan, Ghori, Nafisa, Falkow, Stanley

Pathogenic Yersinia spp. carry a large common plasmid that encodes a number of essential virulence determinants. Included in these factors are the Yersinia-secreted proteins called Yops. We analyzed...

The Salmonella invasin SipB induces macrophage apoptosis by binding to caspase-1

Hersh, David, Monack, Denise M., Smith, Mark R., Ghori, Nafisa, Falkow, Stanley, Zychlinsky, Arturo

Recently, Salmonella spp. were shown to induce apoptosis in infected macrophages. The mechanism responsible for this process is unknown. In this report, we establish that the Inv-Spa type III...

Host microarray analysis reveals a role for the Salmonella response regulator phoP in human macrophage cell death

Detweiler, Corrella S., Cunanan, Dolores B., Falkow, Stanley

Bacterial pathogens manipulate host cells to promote pathogen survival and dissemination. We used a 22,571 human cDNA microarray to identify host pathways that are affected by the Salmonella enterica...

Helicobacter pylori genetic diversity within the gastric niche of a single human host

Israel, Dawn A., Salama, Nina, Krishna, Uma, Rieger, Ulrich M., Atherton, John C., Falkow, Stanley, ...

Isolates of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori harvested from different individuals are highly polymorphic. Strain variation also has been observed within a single host. To more fully ascertain...

OmpR Regulates the Two-Component System SsrA-SsrB in Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2

Lee, Anthea K., Detweiler, Corrella S., Falkow, Stanley

Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) encodes a putative, two-component regulatory system, SsrA-SsrB, which regulates a type III secretion system needed for replication inside macrophages and...

Intracellular Growth in Acanthamoeba castellanii Affects Monocyte Entry Mechanisms and Enhances Virulence of Legionella pneumophila

Cirillo, Jeffrey D., Cirillo, Suat L. G., Yan, Ling, Bermudez, Luiz E., Falkow, Stanley, Tompkins, Lucy S.

Since Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen, entry into and replication within host cells are thought to be critical to its ability to cause disease. L. pneumophila grown in one of its...

mig-14 Is a Horizontally Acquired, Host-Induced Gene Required for Salmonella enterica Lethal Infection in the Murine Model of Typhoid Fever

Valdivia, Raphael H., Cirillo, Daniela M., Lee, Anthea K., Bouley, Donna M., Falkow, Stanley

We have characterized a host-induced virulence gene, mig-14, that is required for fatal infection in the mouse model of enteric fever. mig-14 is present in all Salmonella enterica subspecies I...

Vacuolating Cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori Plays a Role during Colonization in a Mouse Model of Infection

Salama, Nina R., Otto, Glen, Tompkins, Lucy, Falkow, Stanley

Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastritis and ulcer disease in humans, secretes a toxin called VacA (vacuolating cytotoxin) into culture supernatants. VacA was initially characterized and...

Identification of Legionella pneumophila Genes Important for Infection of Amoebas by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis

Polesky, Andrea H., Ross, Julianna T. D., Falkow, Stanley, Tompkins, Lucy S.

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular gram-negative rod that causes pneumonia in humans. Free-living amoebas are thought to serve as a reservoir for Legionella infections....

Identification of Attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Strains and Characterization of an Orogastric Infection in BALB/c Mice on Day 5 Postinfection by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis

Mecsas, Joan, Bilis, Inna, Falkow, Stanley

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis localizes to the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon of the gastrointestinal tract after oral infection. Using signature-tagged mutagenesis, we isolated 13 Y....

Mimicry of a G Protein Mutation by Pertussis Toxin Expression in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans

Darby, Creg, Falkow, Stanley

Pathogens produce virulence factors that interact directly with host molecules, but in many cases the host targets are unknown. The genetic and molecular identification of these orphan targets is...

Dynamic Nature of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Mycobacterium marinum Granulomas

Bouley, Donna M., Ghori, Nafisa, Mercer, K. Lynne, Falkow, Stanley, Ramakrishnan, Lalita

Mycobacterium marinum causes long-term subclinical granulomatous infection in immunocompetent leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). These granulomas, organized collections of activated macrophages, share...

Constitutive and Inducible Green Fluorescent Protein Expression in Bartonella henselae

Lee, Anthea K., Falkow, Stanley

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was expressed on a plasmid in B. henselae, and GFP-expressing bacteria were visualized by fluorescence microscopy. HEp-2 cells infected with GFP-expressing...

Identification of Streptococcus bovis Biotype I Strains among S. bovis Clinical Isolates by PCR

Songy, Wanda B., Ruoff, Kathryn L., Facklam, Richard R., Ferraro, Mary J., Falkow, Stanley

Streptococcus bovis causes 24% of all streptococcal infective endocarditis cases. There are many reports linking both S. bovis bacteremia and endocarditis with various forms of gastrointestinal...

Complex pattern of Mycobacterium marinum gene expression during long-term granulomatous infection

Chan, Kaman, Knaak, Timothy, Satkamp, Laura, Humbert, Olivier, Falkow, Stanley, Ramakrishnan, Lalita

During latent infection of humans with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacteria persist in the asymptomatic host within granulomas, organized collections of differentiated macrophages, and other immune...

Improved analytical methods for microarray-based genome-composition analysis

Kim, Charles C, Joyce, Elizabeth A, Chan, Kaman, Falkow, Stanley

Genome-composition analysis using microarrays can be used to categorize genes into 'present' and 'divergent' categories. This involves selecting a signal value that is used as a cutoff to...

mig-14 Is a Salmonella Gene That Plays a Role in Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides

Brodsky, Igor E., Ernst, Robert K., Miller, Samuel I., Falkow, Stanley

It was previously demonstrated that the mig-14 gene of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is necessary for bacterial proliferation in the liver and spleen of mice following intragastric...

Cag pathogenicity island-specific responses of gastric epithelial cells to Helicobacter pylori infection

Guillemin, Karen, Salama, Nina R., Tompkins, Lucy S., Falkow, Stanley

Helicobacter pylori infects over half the world's population and causes a wide range of diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, and two forms of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection elicits a...

Genomic Comparison of Salmonella enterica Serovars and Salmonella bongori by Use of an S. enterica Serovar Typhimurium DNA Microarray

Chan, Kaman, Baker, Stephen, Kim, Charles C., Detweiler, Corrella S., Dougan, Gordon, Falkow, Stanley

The genus Salmonella consists of over 2,200 serovars that differ in their host range and ability to cause disease despite their close genetic relatedness. The genetic factors that influence each...

Gene Expression Profiling of Helicobacter pylori Reveals a Growth-Phase-Dependent Switch in Virulence Gene Expression

Thompson, Lucinda J., Merrell, D. Scott, Neilan, Brett A., Mitchell, Hazel, Lee, Adrian, Falkow, Stanley

The global pattern of growth-phase-dependent gene expression of Helicobacter pylori during in vitro culture was analyzed by using a high-density DNA microarray. To detect consistent coordinated gene...

Modulation of Virulence by Two Acidified Nitrite-Responsive Loci of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Kim, Charles C., Monack, Denise, Falkow, Stanley

Two acidified nitrite-inducible genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were identified with a green fluorescent protein-based promoter-trap screen. The nitrite-inducible promoters were...

pH-Regulated Gene Expression of the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori

Merrell, D. Scott, Goodrich, Maria L., Otto, Glen, Tompkins, Lucy S., Falkow, Stanley

Colonization by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori has been shown to be intricately linked to the development of gastritis, ulcers, and gastric malignancy. Little is known about mechanisms...

Helicobacter pylori strain-specific differences in genetic content, identified by microarray, influence host inflammatory responses

Israel, Dawn A., Salama, Nina, Arnold, Carrie N., Moss, Steven F., Ando, Takafumi, Wirth, Hans-Peter, ...

Helicobacter pylori enhances the risk for ulcer disease and gastric cancer, yet only a minority of H. pylori–colonized individuals develop disease. We examined the ability of two H. pylori isolates...

Protective immunity against Helicobacter is characterized by a unique transcriptional signature

Mueller, Anne, O'Rourke, Jani, Chu, Pauline, Kim, Charles C., Sutton, Philip, Lee, Adrian, ...

Immunization with a whole-cell sonicate vaccine of Helicobacter felis in conjunction with cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant induces long-term protective immunity in a majority of laboratory mice....

Growth Phase-Dependent Response of Helicobacter pylori to Iron Starvation

Merrell, D. Scott, Thompson, Lucinda J., Kim, Charles C., Mitchell, Hazel, Tompkins, Lucy S., Lee, Adrian, ...

Iron is an essential nutrient that is often found in extremely limited available quantities within eukaryotic hosts. Because of this, many pathogenic bacteria have developed regulated networks of...

R62, a Naturally Occurring Hybrid R Plasmid

Guerry, Patricia, Falkow, Stanley, Datta, Naomi

R62, a naturally occurring R factor, was shown to be a single deoxyribonucleic acid molecule composed of polynucleotide sequences typical of I group plasmids and also sequences typical of the N...

Use of a Single-Strand Specific Nuclease for Analysis of Bacterial and Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homo- and Heteroduplexes

Crosa, Jorge H., Brenner, Don J., Falkow, Stanley

Bacterial and plasmid homo- and heteroduplexes have been analyzed with a single-strand specific endonuclease, S1, of Aspergillus oryzae. Under appropriate assay conditions, there was a high degree of...

Membrane Attachment of R-Factor Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Compatible and Incompatible Cell Pairs Following Conjugation

Hershfield, Vickers, LeBlanc, Donald J., Falkow, Stanley

Superinfection of an Escherichia coli R+ strain with a closely related R-factor was associated with the accumulation of replicative intermediates of the superinfecting deoxyribonucleic acid. This...

Polynucleotide Sequence Relationships Among Some Bacterial Plasmids

Guerry, Patricia, Falkow, Stanley

The deoxyribonucleic acid of F-like plasmids appear to share a high degree of nucleotide similarity with each other but are not highly related to I-like plasmids.

Polynucleotide Sequence Divergence Among Strains of Escherichia coli and Closely Related Organisms

Brenner, Don J., Fanning, G. R., Skerman, F. J., Falkow, Stanley

Polynucleotide sequence similarity tests were carried out to determine the extent of divergence present in a number of Escherichia coli strains, obtained from diverse human, animal, and laboratory...

Specific Labeling and Physical Characterization of R-Factor Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Escherichia coli

Silver, Richard P., Falkow, Stanley

The molecular nature of R-factor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was examined in Escherichia coli by using a method for the specific labeling of the derepressed R factor, R1, in a female cell after...

Studies on Resistance Transfer Factor Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Escherichia coli

Silver, Richard P., Falkow, Stanley

A variant of the derepressed R factor, R1, which does not contain any of the drug resistance markers, and represents, in large part, the resistance transfer factor (RTF) was studied in Escherichia...

Physical Studies of the Drug-Resistance Transfer Factor in Proteus

Haapala, Daniel K., Falkow, Stanley

The transfer unit, RTF, derived from an R factor has been transferred to Proteus mirabilis and characterized physiochemically.

Intramolecular Heterogeneity of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Temperate Bacteriophages

Falkow, Stanley, Cowie, Dean B.

Spectral changes accompanying the thermal denaturation of phage deoxyribonucleic acid suggested that λ is not unique in possessing large-scale intramolecular heterogeneity and nucleotide clustering;...

RECIPIENT ABILITY OF SALMONELLA TYPHOSA IN GENETIC CROSSES WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI1

Johnson, E. M., Falkow, Stanley, Baron, L. S.

Johnson, E. M. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Stanley Falkow, and L. S. Baron. Recipient ability of Salmonella typhosa in genetic crosses with Escherichia coli. J....

TRANSFER OF EPISOMIC ELEMENTS TO PROTEUS I. : Transfer of F-Linked Chromosomal Determinants

Falkow, Stanley, Wohlhieter, J. A., Citarella, R. V., Baron, L. S.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), J. A. Wohlhieter, R. V. Citarella, and L. S. Baron. Transfer of episomic elements to Proteus. I. Transfer of F-linked...

CHROMOSOME TRANSFER KINETICS OF SALMONELLAHfr STRAINS

Johnson, E. M., Falkow, Stanley, Baron, L. S.

Johnson, E. M. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Stanley Falkow, and L. S. Baron. Chromosome transfer kinetics of Salmonella Hfr strains. J. Bacteriol. 88:395–400....

CHARACTERIZATION OF AN HFR STRAIN OF SHIGELLA FLEXNERI1

Schneider, Herman, Falkow, Stanley

Schneider, Herman (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), and Stanley Falkow. Characterization of an Hfr strain of Shigella flexneri. J. Bacteriol. 88:682–689. 1964.—A Hfr...

TRANSFER OF EPISOMIC ELEMENTS TO PROTEUS II. Nature of lac+Proteus Strains Isolated From Clinical Specimens

Falkow, Stanley, Wohlhieter, J. A., Citarella, R. V., Baron, L. S.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), J. A. Wohlhieter, R. V. Citarella, and L. S. Baron. Transfer of episomic elements to Proteus. II. Nature of lac+Proteus...

Restoration of Virulence to a Strain of Shigella flexneri by Mating with Escherichia coli

Formal, Samuel B., LaBrec, E. H., Schneider, H., Falkow, Stanley

Formal, Samuel B. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), E. H. LaBrec, H. Schneider, and Stanley Falkow. Restoration of virulence to a strain of Shigella flexneri by mating with...

EPISOMIC ELEMENT IN A STRAIN OF SALMONELLA TYPHOSA

Falkow, Stanley, Baron, L. S.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.) and L. S. Baron. Episomic element in a strain of Salmonella typhosa. J. Bacteriol. 84:581–589. 1962.—An episomic...

GENETIC HOMOLOGY BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12 AND SALMONELLA

Falkow, Stanley, Rownd, R., Baron, L. S.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Robert Rownd, and L. S. Baron. Genetic homology between Escherichia coli K-12 and Salmonella. J. Bacteriol. 84:1303–1312....

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID BASE COMPOSITION OF PROTEUS AND PROVIDENCE ORGANISMS

Falkow, Stanley, Ryman, I. R., Washington, O.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington D.C.), I. R. Ryman, and O. Washington. Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of Proteus and Providence organisms. J. Bacteriol....

VIRULENCE OF ESCHERICHIA-SHIGELLA GENETIC HYBRIDS FOR THE GUINEA PIG

Falkow, Stanley, Schneider, H., Baron, L. S., Formal, Samuel B.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), H. Schneider, L. S. Baron, and S. B. Formal. Virulence of Escherichia-Shigella hybrids for the guinea pig. J. Bacteriol....

Polynucleotide Sequence Relationships among Members of Enterobacteriaceae

Brenner, Don J., Fanning, George R., Johnson, Karl E., Citarella, R. V., Falkow, Stanley

Polynucleotide relationships were examined among many representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae by means of agar, membrane filter, and hydroxyapatite procedures. The amount of deoxyribonucleic acid...

Behavior of Coliphage Lambda in Hybrids Between Escherichia coli and Salmonella

Baron, L. S., Penido, Elisa, Ryman, I. R., Falkow, Stanley

Salmonella typhosa hybrids able to adsorb lambda were obtained by mating S. typhosa recipients with Escherichia coli K-12 donors. After adsorption of wild-type λ to these S. typhosa hybrids, no...

Plasmid Formation After Lambda Bacteriophage Infection of Escherichia coli-Salmonella typhosa Hybrids

Falkow, Stanley, Baron, L. S.

Defective phage λdg, when present in certain Salmonella typhosa hybrids, could be eliminated with acridine orange or ethidium bromide treatment. The λdg deoxyribonucleic acid could be separated...

General Method for the Isolation of Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Guerry, Patricia, LeBlanc, D. J., Falkow, Stanley

Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ranging from 5 × 106 to 65 × 106 daltons may be isolated from chromosomal DNA by the preferential precipitation of the higher-molecular-weight chromosomal DNA in...

Molecular Nature of Two Nonconjugative Plasmids Carrying Drug Resistance Genes

Guerry, Patricia, Van Embden, Jan, Falkow, Stanley

Two nonconjugative R-plasmids, N-SuSm and N-Tc, have been characterized. Both were of relatively small size (5 × 106 to 6 × 106 daltons) and present in multiple copies within their respective...

Distinct gene expression profiles characterize the histopathological stages of disease in Helicobacter-induced mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

Mueller, Anne, O'Rourke, Jani, Grimm, Jan, Guillemin, Karen, Dixon, Michael F., Lee, Adrian, ...

Long-term colonization of humans with Helicobacter pylori can cause the development of gastric B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, yet little is known about the sequence of molecular...

The Genome-Sequenced Variant of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 and the Original Clonal Clinical Isolate Differ Markedly in Colonization, Gene Expression, and Virulence-Associated Phenotypes

Gaynor, Erin C., Cawthraw, Shaun, Manning, Georgina, MacKichan, Joanna K., Falkow, Stanley, Newell, Diane G.

The genome sequence of the enteric bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 (11168-GS) was published in 2000, providing a valuable resource for the identification of C. jejuni-specific...

Restriction in Genetic Crosses Between Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri

Falkow, Stanley, Formal, S. B.

Shigella flexneri restricts Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and can modify phage DNA so that it is restricted in E. coli.

Protection of Monkeys Against Experimental Shigellosis with Attenuated Vaccines

Formal, Samuel B., LaBrec, E. H., Palmer, Amos, Falkow, Stanley

Formal, Samuel B. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), E. H. LaBrec, Amos Palmer, and Stanley Falkow. Protection of monkeys against experimental shigellosis with attenuated...

Nucleic Acid Homologies of Selected Bacteria, L Forms, and Mycoplasma Species1

Rogul, M., McGee, Z. A., Wittler, R. G., Falkow, Stanley

Rogul, M. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Z. A. McGee, R. G. Wittler, and Stanley Falkow. Nucleic acid homologies of selected bacteria, L forms, and Mycoplasma species. J....

Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates Implicated in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Strains That Cause Enteritis by a DNA Microarray

Leonard, Edward E., Tompkins, Lucy S., Falkow, Stanley, Nachamkin, Irving

We asked whether Campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) differ from isolates isolated from patients with uncomplicated gastrointestinal infection using DNA...

Plasmid-Mediated Beta-Lactamase Production in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Elwell, Lynn P., Roberts, Marilyn, Mayer, Leonard W., Falkow, Stanley

Several β-lactamase-producing, penicillin-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were examined for R plasmids. Penicillin-resistant strains isolated from men returning from the Far East and...

LuxS Is Required for Persistent Pneumococcal Carriage and Expression of Virulence and Biosynthesis Genes

Joyce, Elizabeth A., Kawale, Amita, Censini, Stefano, Kim, Charles C., Covacci, Antonello, Falkow, Stanley

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes several diseases, including otitis media, pneumonia, and meningitis. Although little is known about the regulation of or how individual pneumococcal factors contribute...

Relationship Between Colicin V Activity and Virulence in Escherichia coli

Quackenbush, Robert L., Falkow, Stanley

Colicin V activity is not essential to ColV plasmid-mediated virulence enhancement in Escherichia coli.

In Vivo Conjugal Transfer of R Plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Roberts, Marilyn, Falkow, Stanley

In vivo R plasmid transfer between two Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains was detected in the absence of antibiotic pressure.

Plasmid-Associated Enterotoxin Production in a Strain of Escherichia coli Isolated from Humans

Skerman, F. J., Formal, S. B., Falkow, Stanley

A strain of Escherichia coli isolated from an epidemic of “nonspecific” diarrhea has been shown to harbor a plasmid which specifies enterotoxin production.

Characterization of Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Mayer, Leonard W., Holmes, King K., Falkow, Stanley

Five of six independent gonococcal isolates have been found to harbor a plasmid pool of covalently closed-circular deoxyribonucleic acid about 2.4 × 106 daltons in size. The plasmid species were...

Delineation of Upstream Signaling Events in the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 Transcriptional Activation Pathway

Kim, Charles C., Falkow, Stanley

Survival and replication in the intracellular environment are critical components of the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to establish systemic infection in the murine host....

Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection with Sydney Strain 1 and a Newly Identified Mouse-Adapted Strain (Sydney Strain 2000) in C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice

Thompson, Lucinda J., Danon, Stephen J., Wilson, John E., O'Rourke, Jani L., Salama, Nina R., Falkow, Stanley, ...

The mouse model of Helicobacter pylori-induced disease using Sydney strain 1 (SS1) has been used extensively in Helicobacter research. Herein we describe the isolation and characterization of a new...

Global Transposon Mutagenesis and Essential Gene Analysis of Helicobacter pylori†

Salama, Nina R., Shepherd, Benjamin, Falkow, Stanley

We have constructed a genome-saturating mutant library of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Microarray tracking of transposon mutants (MATT) allowed us to map the position of 5,363...

Microarray-Based Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Transposon Mutants That Cannot Survive in Macrophages and Mice

Chan, Kaman, Kim, Charles C., Falkow, Stanley

DNA microarrays provide an opportunity to combine the principles of signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) with microarray technology to identify potentially important bacterial virulence genes. The...

A whole-genome microarray reveals genetic diversity among Helicobacter pylori strains

Salama, Nina, Guillemin, Karen, McDaniel, Timothy K., Sherlock, Gavin, Tompkins, Lucy, Falkow, Stanley

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach of half of the world's population, causing a wide spectrum of disease ranging from asymptomatic gastritis to ulcers to gastric cancer. Although the basis for...

Sequence anomalies in the Cag7 gene of the Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity island

Liu, Guoying, McDaniel, Timothy K., Falkow, Stanley, Karlin, Samuel

The severity of Helicobacter pylori-related disease is correlated with a pathogenicity island (the Cag region of about 26 genes) whose presence is associated with the up-regulation of an IL-8...

Discovery of virulence genes of Legionella pneumophila by using signature tagged mutagenesis in a guinea pig pneumonia model

Edelstein, Paul H., Edelstein, Martha A. C., Higa, Futoshi, Falkow, Stanley

Legionella pneumophila is the cause of Legionnaires’ disease, which is a form of potentially fatal pneumonia. To identify genes required for virulence of the bacterium, a library of 1,386 L....

Yersinia signals macrophages to undergo apoptosis and YopJ is necessary for this cell death

Monack, Denise M., Mecsas, Joan, Ghori, Nafisa, Falkow, Stanley

Pathogenic Yersinia spp. carry a large common plasmid that encodes a number of essential virulence determinants. Included in these factors are the Yersinia-secreted proteins called Yops. We analyzed...

The Salmonella invasin SipB induces macrophage apoptosis by binding to caspase-1

Hersh, David, Monack, Denise M., Smith, Mark R., Ghori, Nafisa, Falkow, Stanley, Zychlinsky, Arturo

Recently, Salmonella spp. were shown to induce apoptosis in infected macrophages. The mechanism responsible for this process is unknown. In this report, we establish that the Inv-Spa type III...

Host microarray analysis reveals a role for the Salmonella response regulator phoP in human macrophage cell death

Detweiler, Corrella S., Cunanan, Dolores B., Falkow, Stanley

Bacterial pathogens manipulate host cells to promote pathogen survival and dissemination. We used a 22,571 human cDNA microarray to identify host pathways that are affected by the Salmonella enterica...

Helicobacter pylori genetic diversity within the gastric niche of a single human host

Israel, Dawn A., Salama, Nina, Krishna, Uma, Rieger, Ulrich M., Atherton, John C., Falkow, Stanley, ...

Isolates of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori harvested from different individuals are highly polymorphic. Strain variation also has been observed within a single host. To more fully ascertain...

OmpR Regulates the Two-Component System SsrA-SsrB in Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2

Lee, Anthea K., Detweiler, Corrella S., Falkow, Stanley

Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) encodes a putative, two-component regulatory system, SsrA-SsrB, which regulates a type III secretion system needed for replication inside macrophages and...

Intracellular Growth in Acanthamoeba castellanii Affects Monocyte Entry Mechanisms and Enhances Virulence of Legionella pneumophila

Cirillo, Jeffrey D., Cirillo, Suat L. G., Yan, Ling, Bermudez, Luiz E., Falkow, Stanley, Tompkins, Lucy S.

Since Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen, entry into and replication within host cells are thought to be critical to its ability to cause disease. L. pneumophila grown in one of its...

mig-14 Is a Horizontally Acquired, Host-Induced Gene Required for Salmonella enterica Lethal Infection in the Murine Model of Typhoid Fever

Valdivia, Raphael H., Cirillo, Daniela M., Lee, Anthea K., Bouley, Donna M., Falkow, Stanley

We have characterized a host-induced virulence gene, mig-14, that is required for fatal infection in the mouse model of enteric fever. mig-14 is present in all Salmonella enterica subspecies I...

Vacuolating Cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori Plays a Role during Colonization in a Mouse Model of Infection

Salama, Nina R., Otto, Glen, Tompkins, Lucy, Falkow, Stanley

Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastritis and ulcer disease in humans, secretes a toxin called VacA (vacuolating cytotoxin) into culture supernatants. VacA was initially characterized and...

Identification of Legionella pneumophila Genes Important for Infection of Amoebas by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis

Polesky, Andrea H., Ross, Julianna T. D., Falkow, Stanley, Tompkins, Lucy S.

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular gram-negative rod that causes pneumonia in humans. Free-living amoebas are thought to serve as a reservoir for Legionella infections....

Identification of Attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Strains and Characterization of an Orogastric Infection in BALB/c Mice on Day 5 Postinfection by Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis

Mecsas, Joan, Bilis, Inna, Falkow, Stanley

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis localizes to the distal ileum, cecum, and proximal colon of the gastrointestinal tract after oral infection. Using signature-tagged mutagenesis, we isolated 13 Y....

Mimicry of a G Protein Mutation by Pertussis Toxin Expression in Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans

Darby, Creg, Falkow, Stanley

Pathogens produce virulence factors that interact directly with host molecules, but in many cases the host targets are unknown. The genetic and molecular identification of these orphan targets is...

Dynamic Nature of Host-Pathogen Interactions in Mycobacterium marinum Granulomas

Bouley, Donna M., Ghori, Nafisa, Mercer, K. Lynne, Falkow, Stanley, Ramakrishnan, Lalita

Mycobacterium marinum causes long-term subclinical granulomatous infection in immunocompetent leopard frogs (Rana pipiens). These granulomas, organized collections of activated macrophages, share...

Constitutive and Inducible Green Fluorescent Protein Expression in Bartonella henselae

Lee, Anthea K., Falkow, Stanley

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was expressed on a plasmid in B. henselae, and GFP-expressing bacteria were visualized by fluorescence microscopy. HEp-2 cells infected with GFP-expressing...

Identification of Streptococcus bovis Biotype I Strains among S. bovis Clinical Isolates by PCR

Songy, Wanda B., Ruoff, Kathryn L., Facklam, Richard R., Ferraro, Mary J., Falkow, Stanley

Streptococcus bovis causes 24% of all streptococcal infective endocarditis cases. There are many reports linking both S. bovis bacteremia and endocarditis with various forms of gastrointestinal...

Complex pattern of Mycobacterium marinum gene expression during long-term granulomatous infection

Chan, Kaman, Knaak, Timothy, Satkamp, Laura, Humbert, Olivier, Falkow, Stanley, Ramakrishnan, Lalita

During latent infection of humans with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacteria persist in the asymptomatic host within granulomas, organized collections of differentiated macrophages, and other immune...

Improved analytical methods for microarray-based genome-composition analysis

Kim, Charles C, Joyce, Elizabeth A, Chan, Kaman, Falkow, Stanley

Genome-composition analysis using microarrays can be used to categorize genes into 'present' and 'divergent' categories. This involves selecting a signal value that is used as a cutoff to...

mig-14 Is a Salmonella Gene That Plays a Role in Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides

Brodsky, Igor E., Ernst, Robert K., Miller, Samuel I., Falkow, Stanley

It was previously demonstrated that the mig-14 gene of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is necessary for bacterial proliferation in the liver and spleen of mice following intragastric...

Cag pathogenicity island-specific responses of gastric epithelial cells to Helicobacter pylori infection

Guillemin, Karen, Salama, Nina R., Tompkins, Lucy S., Falkow, Stanley

Helicobacter pylori infects over half the world's population and causes a wide range of diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, and two forms of gastric cancer. H. pylori infection elicits a...

Genomic Comparison of Salmonella enterica Serovars and Salmonella bongori by Use of an S. enterica Serovar Typhimurium DNA Microarray

Chan, Kaman, Baker, Stephen, Kim, Charles C., Detweiler, Corrella S., Dougan, Gordon, Falkow, Stanley

The genus Salmonella consists of over 2,200 serovars that differ in their host range and ability to cause disease despite their close genetic relatedness. The genetic factors that influence each...

Gene Expression Profiling of Helicobacter pylori Reveals a Growth-Phase-Dependent Switch in Virulence Gene Expression

Thompson, Lucinda J., Merrell, D. Scott, Neilan, Brett A., Mitchell, Hazel, Lee, Adrian, Falkow, Stanley

The global pattern of growth-phase-dependent gene expression of Helicobacter pylori during in vitro culture was analyzed by using a high-density DNA microarray. To detect consistent coordinated gene...

Modulation of Virulence by Two Acidified Nitrite-Responsive Loci of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Kim, Charles C., Monack, Denise, Falkow, Stanley

Two acidified nitrite-inducible genes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were identified with a green fluorescent protein-based promoter-trap screen. The nitrite-inducible promoters were...

pH-Regulated Gene Expression of the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori

Merrell, D. Scott, Goodrich, Maria L., Otto, Glen, Tompkins, Lucy S., Falkow, Stanley

Colonization by the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori has been shown to be intricately linked to the development of gastritis, ulcers, and gastric malignancy. Little is known about mechanisms...

Helicobacter pylori strain-specific differences in genetic content, identified by microarray, influence host inflammatory responses

Israel, Dawn A., Salama, Nina, Arnold, Carrie N., Moss, Steven F., Ando, Takafumi, Wirth, Hans-Peter, ...

Helicobacter pylori enhances the risk for ulcer disease and gastric cancer, yet only a minority of H. pylori–colonized individuals develop disease. We examined the ability of two H. pylori isolates...

Protective immunity against Helicobacter is characterized by a unique transcriptional signature

Mueller, Anne, O'Rourke, Jani, Chu, Pauline, Kim, Charles C., Sutton, Philip, Lee, Adrian, ...

Immunization with a whole-cell sonicate vaccine of Helicobacter felis in conjunction with cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant induces long-term protective immunity in a majority of laboratory mice....

Growth Phase-Dependent Response of Helicobacter pylori to Iron Starvation

Merrell, D. Scott, Thompson, Lucinda J., Kim, Charles C., Mitchell, Hazel, Tompkins, Lucy S., Lee, Adrian, ...

Iron is an essential nutrient that is often found in extremely limited available quantities within eukaryotic hosts. Because of this, many pathogenic bacteria have developed regulated networks of...

R62, a Naturally Occurring Hybrid R Plasmid

Guerry, Patricia, Falkow, Stanley, Datta, Naomi

R62, a naturally occurring R factor, was shown to be a single deoxyribonucleic acid molecule composed of polynucleotide sequences typical of I group plasmids and also sequences typical of the N...

Use of a Single-Strand Specific Nuclease for Analysis of Bacterial and Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homo- and Heteroduplexes

Crosa, Jorge H., Brenner, Don J., Falkow, Stanley

Bacterial and plasmid homo- and heteroduplexes have been analyzed with a single-strand specific endonuclease, S1, of Aspergillus oryzae. Under appropriate assay conditions, there was a high degree of...

Membrane Attachment of R-Factor Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Compatible and Incompatible Cell Pairs Following Conjugation

Hershfield, Vickers, LeBlanc, Donald J., Falkow, Stanley

Superinfection of an Escherichia coli R+ strain with a closely related R-factor was associated with the accumulation of replicative intermediates of the superinfecting deoxyribonucleic acid. This...

Polynucleotide Sequence Relationships Among Some Bacterial Plasmids

Guerry, Patricia, Falkow, Stanley

The deoxyribonucleic acid of F-like plasmids appear to share a high degree of nucleotide similarity with each other but are not highly related to I-like plasmids.

Polynucleotide Sequence Divergence Among Strains of Escherichia coli and Closely Related Organisms

Brenner, Don J., Fanning, G. R., Skerman, F. J., Falkow, Stanley

Polynucleotide sequence similarity tests were carried out to determine the extent of divergence present in a number of Escherichia coli strains, obtained from diverse human, animal, and laboratory...

Specific Labeling and Physical Characterization of R-Factor Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Escherichia coli

Silver, Richard P., Falkow, Stanley

The molecular nature of R-factor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was examined in Escherichia coli by using a method for the specific labeling of the derepressed R factor, R1, in a female cell after...

Studies on Resistance Transfer Factor Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Escherichia coli

Silver, Richard P., Falkow, Stanley

A variant of the derepressed R factor, R1, which does not contain any of the drug resistance markers, and represents, in large part, the resistance transfer factor (RTF) was studied in Escherichia...

Physical Studies of the Drug-Resistance Transfer Factor in Proteus

Haapala, Daniel K., Falkow, Stanley

The transfer unit, RTF, derived from an R factor has been transferred to Proteus mirabilis and characterized physiochemically.

Intramolecular Heterogeneity of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of Temperate Bacteriophages

Falkow, Stanley, Cowie, Dean B.

Spectral changes accompanying the thermal denaturation of phage deoxyribonucleic acid suggested that λ is not unique in possessing large-scale intramolecular heterogeneity and nucleotide clustering;...

RECIPIENT ABILITY OF SALMONELLA TYPHOSA IN GENETIC CROSSES WITH ESCHERICHIA COLI1

Johnson, E. M., Falkow, Stanley, Baron, L. S.

Johnson, E. M. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Stanley Falkow, and L. S. Baron. Recipient ability of Salmonella typhosa in genetic crosses with Escherichia coli. J....

TRANSFER OF EPISOMIC ELEMENTS TO PROTEUS I. : Transfer of F-Linked Chromosomal Determinants

Falkow, Stanley, Wohlhieter, J. A., Citarella, R. V., Baron, L. S.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), J. A. Wohlhieter, R. V. Citarella, and L. S. Baron. Transfer of episomic elements to Proteus. I. Transfer of F-linked...

CHROMOSOME TRANSFER KINETICS OF SALMONELLAHfr STRAINS

Johnson, E. M., Falkow, Stanley, Baron, L. S.

Johnson, E. M. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Stanley Falkow, and L. S. Baron. Chromosome transfer kinetics of Salmonella Hfr strains. J. Bacteriol. 88:395–400....

CHARACTERIZATION OF AN HFR STRAIN OF SHIGELLA FLEXNERI1

Schneider, Herman, Falkow, Stanley

Schneider, Herman (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), and Stanley Falkow. Characterization of an Hfr strain of Shigella flexneri. J. Bacteriol. 88:682–689. 1964.—A Hfr...

TRANSFER OF EPISOMIC ELEMENTS TO PROTEUS II. Nature of lac+Proteus Strains Isolated From Clinical Specimens

Falkow, Stanley, Wohlhieter, J. A., Citarella, R. V., Baron, L. S.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), J. A. Wohlhieter, R. V. Citarella, and L. S. Baron. Transfer of episomic elements to Proteus. II. Nature of lac+Proteus...

Restoration of Virulence to a Strain of Shigella flexneri by Mating with Escherichia coli

Formal, Samuel B., LaBrec, E. H., Schneider, H., Falkow, Stanley

Formal, Samuel B. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), E. H. LaBrec, H. Schneider, and Stanley Falkow. Restoration of virulence to a strain of Shigella flexneri by mating with...

EPISOMIC ELEMENT IN A STRAIN OF SALMONELLA TYPHOSA

Falkow, Stanley, Baron, L. S.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.) and L. S. Baron. Episomic element in a strain of Salmonella typhosa. J. Bacteriol. 84:581–589. 1962.—An episomic...

GENETIC HOMOLOGY BETWEEN ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12 AND SALMONELLA

Falkow, Stanley, Rownd, R., Baron, L. S.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Robert Rownd, and L. S. Baron. Genetic homology between Escherichia coli K-12 and Salmonella. J. Bacteriol. 84:1303–1312....

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID BASE COMPOSITION OF PROTEUS AND PROVIDENCE ORGANISMS

Falkow, Stanley, Ryman, I. R., Washington, O.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington D.C.), I. R. Ryman, and O. Washington. Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of Proteus and Providence organisms. J. Bacteriol....

VIRULENCE OF ESCHERICHIA-SHIGELLA GENETIC HYBRIDS FOR THE GUINEA PIG

Falkow, Stanley, Schneider, H., Baron, L. S., Formal, Samuel B.

Falkow, Stanley (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), H. Schneider, L. S. Baron, and S. B. Formal. Virulence of Escherichia-Shigella hybrids for the guinea pig. J. Bacteriol....

Polynucleotide Sequence Relationships among Members of Enterobacteriaceae

Brenner, Don J., Fanning, George R., Johnson, Karl E., Citarella, R. V., Falkow, Stanley

Polynucleotide relationships were examined among many representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae by means of agar, membrane filter, and hydroxyapatite procedures. The amount of deoxyribonucleic acid...

Behavior of Coliphage Lambda in Hybrids Between Escherichia coli and Salmonella

Baron, L. S., Penido, Elisa, Ryman, I. R., Falkow, Stanley

Salmonella typhosa hybrids able to adsorb lambda were obtained by mating S. typhosa recipients with Escherichia coli K-12 donors. After adsorption of wild-type λ to these S. typhosa hybrids, no...

Plasmid Formation After Lambda Bacteriophage Infection of Escherichia coli-Salmonella typhosa Hybrids

Falkow, Stanley, Baron, L. S.

Defective phage λdg, when present in certain Salmonella typhosa hybrids, could be eliminated with acridine orange or ethidium bromide treatment. The λdg deoxyribonucleic acid could be separated...

General Method for the Isolation of Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Guerry, Patricia, LeBlanc, D. J., Falkow, Stanley

Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ranging from 5 × 106 to 65 × 106 daltons may be isolated from chromosomal DNA by the preferential precipitation of the higher-molecular-weight chromosomal DNA in...

Molecular Nature of Two Nonconjugative Plasmids Carrying Drug Resistance Genes

Guerry, Patricia, Van Embden, Jan, Falkow, Stanley

Two nonconjugative R-plasmids, N-SuSm and N-Tc, have been characterized. Both were of relatively small size (5 × 106 to 6 × 106 daltons) and present in multiple copies within their respective...

Distinct gene expression profiles characterize the histopathological stages of disease in Helicobacter-induced mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

Mueller, Anne, O'Rourke, Jani, Grimm, Jan, Guillemin, Karen, Dixon, Michael F., Lee, Adrian, ...

Long-term colonization of humans with Helicobacter pylori can cause the development of gastric B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, yet little is known about the sequence of molecular...

The Genome-Sequenced Variant of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 and the Original Clonal Clinical Isolate Differ Markedly in Colonization, Gene Expression, and Virulence-Associated Phenotypes

Gaynor, Erin C., Cawthraw, Shaun, Manning, Georgina, MacKichan, Joanna K., Falkow, Stanley, Newell, Diane G.

The genome sequence of the enteric bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 (11168-GS) was published in 2000, providing a valuable resource for the identification of C. jejuni-specific...

Restriction in Genetic Crosses Between Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri

Falkow, Stanley, Formal, S. B.

Shigella flexneri restricts Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and can modify phage DNA so that it is restricted in E. coli.

Protection of Monkeys Against Experimental Shigellosis with Attenuated Vaccines

Formal, Samuel B., LaBrec, E. H., Palmer, Amos, Falkow, Stanley

Formal, Samuel B. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), E. H. LaBrec, Amos Palmer, and Stanley Falkow. Protection of monkeys against experimental shigellosis with attenuated...

Nucleic Acid Homologies of Selected Bacteria, L Forms, and Mycoplasma Species1

Rogul, M., McGee, Z. A., Wittler, R. G., Falkow, Stanley

Rogul, M. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Z. A. McGee, R. G. Wittler, and Stanley Falkow. Nucleic acid homologies of selected bacteria, L forms, and Mycoplasma species. J....

Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates Implicated in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Strains That Cause Enteritis by a DNA Microarray

Leonard, Edward E., Tompkins, Lucy S., Falkow, Stanley, Nachamkin, Irving

We asked whether Campylobacter jejuni isolated from patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) differ from isolates isolated from patients with uncomplicated gastrointestinal infection using DNA...

Plasmid-Mediated Beta-Lactamase Production in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Elwell, Lynn P., Roberts, Marilyn, Mayer, Leonard W., Falkow, Stanley

Several β-lactamase-producing, penicillin-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were examined for R plasmids. Penicillin-resistant strains isolated from men returning from the Far East and...

LuxS Is Required for Persistent Pneumococcal Carriage and Expression of Virulence and Biosynthesis Genes

Joyce, Elizabeth A., Kawale, Amita, Censini, Stefano, Kim, Charles C., Covacci, Antonello, Falkow, Stanley

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes several diseases, including otitis media, pneumonia, and meningitis. Although little is known about the regulation of or how individual pneumococcal factors contribute...

Relationship Between Colicin V Activity and Virulence in Escherichia coli

Quackenbush, Robert L., Falkow, Stanley

Colicin V activity is not essential to ColV plasmid-mediated virulence enhancement in Escherichia coli.

In Vivo Conjugal Transfer of R Plasmids in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Roberts, Marilyn, Falkow, Stanley

In vivo R plasmid transfer between two Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains was detected in the absence of antibiotic pressure.

Plasmid-Associated Enterotoxin Production in a Strain of Escherichia coli Isolated from Humans

Skerman, F. J., Formal, S. B., Falkow, Stanley

A strain of Escherichia coli isolated from an epidemic of “nonspecific” diarrhea has been shown to harbor a plasmid which specifies enterotoxin production.

Characterization of Plasmid Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Mayer, Leonard W., Holmes, King K., Falkow, Stanley

Five of six independent gonococcal isolates have been found to harbor a plasmid pool of covalently closed-circular deoxyribonucleic acid about 2.4 × 106 daltons in size. The plasmid species were...

Delineation of Upstream Signaling Events in the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 Transcriptional Activation Pathway

Kim, Charles C., Falkow, Stanley

Survival and replication in the intracellular environment are critical components of the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to establish systemic infection in the murine host....

Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection with Sydney Strain 1 and a Newly Identified Mouse-Adapted Strain (Sydney Strain 2000) in C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice

Thompson, Lucinda J., Danon, Stephen J., Wilson, John E., O'Rourke, Jani L., Salama, Nina R., Falkow, Stanley, ...

The mouse model of Helicobacter pylori-induced disease using Sydney strain 1 (SS1) has been used extensively in Helicobacter research. Herein we describe the isolation and characterization of a new...

Global Transposon Mutagenesis and Essential Gene Analysis of Helicobacter pylori†

Salama, Nina R., Shepherd, Benjamin, Falkow, Stanley

We have constructed a genome-saturating mutant library of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Microarray tracking of transposon mutants (MATT) allowed us to map the position of 5,363...

Microarray-Based Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Transposon Mutants That Cannot Survive in Macrophages and Mice

Chan, Kaman, Kim, Charles C., Falkow, Stanley

DNA microarrays provide an opportunity to combine the principles of signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) with microarray technology to identify potentially important bacterial virulence genes. The...

The Role of Antigenic Drive and Tumor-Infiltrating Accessory Cells in the Pathogenesis of Helicobacter-Induced Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

Mueller, Anne, O’Rourke, Jani, Chu, Pauline, Chu, Amanda, Dixon, Michael F., Bouley, Donna M., ...

Gastric B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type is closely linked to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. Most clinical and histopathological features of the tumor can be...

Salmonella typhimurium Persists within Macrophages in the Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Chronically Infected Nramp1+/+ Mice and Can Be Reactivated by IFNγ Neutralization

Monack, Denise M., Bouley, Donna M., Falkow, Stanley

Host-adapted strains of Salmonella are capable of establishing a persistent infection in their host often in the absence of clinical disease. The mouse model of Salmonella infection has primarily...

The adaptor molecules LAT and SLP-76 are specifically targeted by Yersinia to inhibit T cell activation

Gerke, Christiane, Falkow, Stanley, Chien, Yueh-hsiu

T cell responses are critical to the survival of Yersinia-infected animals. Yersinia have the ability to directly suppress T lymphocyte activation through the virulence factor YopH, a tyrosine...

Salmonella Exploits Caspase-1 to Colonize Peyer's Patches in a Murine Typhoid Model

Monack, Denise M., Hersh, David, Ghori, Nafisa, Bouley, Donna, Zychlinsky, Arturo, Falkow, Stanley

Salmonella typhimurium invades host macrophages and induces apoptosis and the release of mature proinflammatory cytokines. SipB, a protein translocated by Salmonella into the cytoplasm of...

Suppression of T and B Lymphocyte Activation by a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Virulence Factor, Yoph

Yao, Tony, Mecsas, Joan, Healy, James I., Falkow, Stanley, Chien, Yueh-hsiu

The acquired immune responses are crucial to the survival of Yersinia-infected animals. Mice lacking T cells are sensitive to Yersinia infection, and a humoral response to Yersinia can be protective....

Yersinia-induced Apoptosis In Vivo Aids in the Establishment of a Systemic Infection of Mice

Monack, Denise M., Mecsas, Joan, Bouley, Donna, Falkow, Stanley

Pathogenic Yersinia cause a systemic infection in mice that is dependent on the presence of a large plasmid encoding a number of secreted virulence proteins called Yops. We previously demonstrated...