Susan K. Hollingshead

Pneumococcal pspA Sequence Types of Prevalent Multiresistant Pneumococcal Strains in the United States and of Internationally Disseminated Clones

Beall, Bernard, Gherardi, Giovanni, Facklam, Richard R., Hollingshead, Susan K.

In a recent genotypic survey of β-lactam-resistant pneumococci recovered in different areas of United States during 1997, eight clonal types that each represented 3 to 40 isolates accounted for 134...

Pneumococcal Diversity: Considerations for New Vaccine Strategies with Emphasis on Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA)

Briles, David E., Tart, Rebecca Creech, Swiatlo, Edwin, Dillard, Joseph P., Smith, Patricia, Benton, Kimberly A., ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a problematic infectious agent, whose seriousness to human health has been underscored by the recent rise in the frequency of isolation of multidrug-resistant strains....

The Autolytic Enzyme LytA of Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Not Responsible for Releasing Pneumolysin

Balachandran, Priya, Hollingshead, Susan K., Paton, James C., Briles, David E.

It was previously proposed that autolysin's primary role in the virulence of pneumococci was to release pneumolysin to an extracellular location. This interpretation came into question when...

The pspC Gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae Encodes a Polymorphic Protein, PspC, Which Elicits Cross-Reactive Antibodies to PspA and Provides Immunity to Pneumococcal Bacteremia

Brooks-Walter, Alexis, Briles, David E., Hollingshead, Susan K.

PspC is one of three designations for a pneumococcal surface protein whose gene is present in approximately 75% of all Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Under the name SpsA, the protein has been...

Attenuated Expression of the mga Virulence Regulon in an M Serotype 50 Mouse-Virulent Group A Streptococcal Strain

Yung, Der-Li, McIver, Kevin S., Scott, June R., Hollingshead, Susan K.

The attenuated expression of virulence genes found in a group A streptococcal strain that is naturally pathogenic for mice was postulated to result from a defect in the strain's multigene regulator,...

Intranasal Immunization of Mice with a Mixture of the Pneumococcal Proteins PsaA and PspA Is Highly Protective against Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Briles, David E., Ades, Eddie, Paton, James C., Sampson, Jacquelyn S., Carlone, George M., Huebner, Robert C., ...

Acquisition of pneumococci is generally from carriers rather than from infected individuals. Therefore, to induce herd immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae it will be necessary to elicit...

Immunization of Mice with Combinations of Pneumococcal Virulence Proteins Elicits Enhanced Protection against Challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Ogunniyi, A. David, Folland, Rebekah L., Briles, David E., Hollingshead, Susan K., Paton, James C.

The vaccine potential of a combination of three pneumococcal virulence proteins was evaluated in an active-immunization–intraperitoneal-challenge model in BALB/c mice, using very high challenge...

Tandem Repeat Deletion in the Alpha C Protein of Group B Streptococcus Is recA Independent

Puopolo, Karen M., Hollingshead, Susan K., Carey, Vincent J., Madoff, Lawrence C.

Group B streptococci (GBS) contain a family of protective surface proteins characterized by variable numbers of repeating units within the proteins. The prototype alpha C protein of GBS from the type...

Diversity of PspA: Mosaic Genes and Evidence for Past Recombination in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Hollingshead, Susan K., Becker, Robert, Briles, David E.

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a serologically variable protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Twenty-four diverse alleles of the pspA gene were sequenced to investigate the genetic basis for...

Comparison of the PspA Sequence from Streptococcus pneumoniae EF5668 to the Previously Identified PspA Sequence from Strain Rx1 and Ability of PspA from EF5668 To Elicit Protection against Pneumococci of Different Capsular Types

McDaniel, Larry S., McDaniel, D. Olga, Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) is a serologically varied virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In mice, PspA has been shown to elicit an antibody response that protects against fatal...

Role of Pneumococcal Surface Protein C in Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Pneumonia and Its Ability To Elicit Protection against Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Balachandran, Priya, Brooks-Walter, Alexis, Virolainen-Julkunen, Anni, Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Previous studies suggested that PspC is important in adherence and colonization within the nasopharynx. In this study, we conducted mutational studies to further identify the role PspC plays in the...

Both Family 1 and Family 2 PspA Proteins Can Inhibit Complement Deposition and Confer Virulence to a Capsular Serotype 3 Strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Ren, Bing, Szalai, Alexander J., Thomas, Orlanda, Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is exceptionally diverse, being classified into two major families which are over 50% divergent by sequence...

Regions of PspA/EF3296 Best Able To Elicit Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Murine Infection Model

Roche, Hazeline, Håkansson, Anders, Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) can elicit protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae in mouse infection models. PspA is classified by serology and amino acid sequence into two major families...

Evolution and Virulence of Serogroup 6 Pneumococci on a Global Scale

Robinson, D. Ashley, Briles, David E., Crain, Marilyn J., Hollingshead, Susan K.

To study the evolution and virulence of pneumococcal populations, we used multilocus sequence typing to identify the major clones among 212 carriage and invasive isolates expressing capsular...

Effects of Zinc Deficiency and Pneumococcal Surface Protein A Immunization on Zinc Status and the Risk of Severe Infection in Mice

Strand, Tor A., Hollingshead, Susan K., Julshamn, Kåre, Briles, David E., Blomberg, Bjørn, Sommerfelt, Halvor

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of illness and death in children in developing countries. In these children, zinc deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory tract...

Genetic Relatedness of Levofloxacin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from North America

Johnson, Crystal N., Moser, Stephen A., Hollingshead, Susan K., Zheng, Xiaotian, Crain, Marilyn J., ...

We characterized 32 levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (LNSP) isolates obtained from a broad geographic region of North America over a 5-year period by using capsular serotypes,...

Dissemination of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Containing Both erm(B) and mef(A) in South Korea

Waites, Ken B., Jones, Kellie E., Kim, Kyung Hyo, Moser, Stephen A., Johnson, Crystal N., Hollingshead, Susan K., ...

Macrolide resistance was detected in 64 of 77 (83.1%) Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from South Korea. Seven (10.9%) isolates contained only mef(A), 32 (50%) contained only erm(B), and 25 (39.1%)...

Effects of PspA and Antibodies to PspA on Activation and Deposition of Complement on the Pneumococcal Surface

Ren, Bing, Szalai, Alexander J., Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a frequent cause of pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, and septicemia. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is an important virulence factor on the pathogen...

PspA Protects Streptococcus pneumoniae from Killing by Apolactoferrin, and Antibody to PspA Enhances Killing of Pneumococci by Apolactoferrin

Shaper, Mirza, Hollingshead, Susan K., Benjamin, William H., Briles, David E.

Lactoferrin is an important component of innate immunity through its sequestration of iron, bactericidal activity, and immune modulatory activity. Apolactoferrin (ALF) is the iron-depleted form of...

Lipoprotein PsaA in Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Surface Accessibility and Role in Protection from Superoxide

Johnston, Jason W., Myers, Lisa E., Ochs, Martina M., Benjamin, William H., Briles, David E., Hollingshead, Susan K.

PsaA of Streptococcus pneumoniae, originally believed to be an adhesin, is the lipoprotein component of an Mn2+ transporter. Mutations in psaA cause deficiencies in growth, virulence, adherence, and...

Evolutionary Genetics of the Capsular Locus of Serogroup 6 Pneumococci

Mavroidi, Angeliki, Godoy, Daniel, Aanensen, David M., Robinson, D. Ashley, Hollingshead, Susan K., Spratt, Brian G.

The evolution of the capsular biosynthetic (cps) locus of serogroup 6 Streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated by analyzing sequence variation within three serotype-specific cps genes from 102...

Differential PsaA-, PspA-, PspC-, and PdB-Specific Immune Responses in a Mouse Model of Pneumococcal Carriage

Palaniappan, Ravichandran, Singh, Shailesh, Singh, Udai P., Sakthivel, Senthil Kumar K., Ades, Edwin W., Briles, David E., ...

Larger numbers of pneumococci were detected in the nasal tract compared to the lung, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after nasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae...

Mn2+-Dependent Regulation of Multiple Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae through PsaR and the Resultant Impact on Virulence

Johnston, Jason W., Briles, David E., Myers, Lisa E., Hollingshead, Susan K.

The concentration of Mn2+ is 1,000-fold higher in secretions than it is at internal sites of the body, making it a potential signal by which bacteria can sense a shift from a mucosal environment to a...

Validation of a Multiplex Pneumococcal Serotyping Assay with Clinical Samples

Lin, Jisheng, Kaltoft, Margit S., Brandao, Angela P., Echaniz-Aviles, Gabriela, Brandileone, M. Cristina C., Hollingshead, Susan K., ...

We have recently developed a rapid pneumococcal serotyping method called “multibead assay” (J. Yu et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:156-162, 2005) based on a multiplexed immunoassay for capsular...

Pneumococcal pspA Sequence Types of Prevalent Multiresistant Pneumococcal Strains in the United States and of Internationally Disseminated Clones

Beall, Bernard, Gherardi, Giovanni, Facklam, Richard R., Hollingshead, Susan K.

In a recent genotypic survey of β-lactam-resistant pneumococci recovered in different areas of United States during 1997, eight clonal types that each represented 3 to 40 isolates accounted for 134...

Pneumococcal Diversity: Considerations for New Vaccine Strategies with Emphasis on Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA)

Briles, David E., Tart, Rebecca Creech, Swiatlo, Edwin, Dillard, Joseph P., Smith, Patricia, Benton, Kimberly A., ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a problematic infectious agent, whose seriousness to human health has been underscored by the recent rise in the frequency of isolation of multidrug-resistant strains....

The Autolytic Enzyme LytA of Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Not Responsible for Releasing Pneumolysin

Balachandran, Priya, Hollingshead, Susan K., Paton, James C., Briles, David E.

It was previously proposed that autolysin's primary role in the virulence of pneumococci was to release pneumolysin to an extracellular location. This interpretation came into question when...

The pspC Gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae Encodes a Polymorphic Protein, PspC, Which Elicits Cross-Reactive Antibodies to PspA and Provides Immunity to Pneumococcal Bacteremia

Brooks-Walter, Alexis, Briles, David E., Hollingshead, Susan K.

PspC is one of three designations for a pneumococcal surface protein whose gene is present in approximately 75% of all Streptococcus pneumoniae strains. Under the name SpsA, the protein has been...

Attenuated Expression of the mga Virulence Regulon in an M Serotype 50 Mouse-Virulent Group A Streptococcal Strain

Yung, Der-Li, McIver, Kevin S., Scott, June R., Hollingshead, Susan K.

The attenuated expression of virulence genes found in a group A streptococcal strain that is naturally pathogenic for mice was postulated to result from a defect in the strain's multigene regulator,...

Intranasal Immunization of Mice with a Mixture of the Pneumococcal Proteins PsaA and PspA Is Highly Protective against Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Briles, David E., Ades, Eddie, Paton, James C., Sampson, Jacquelyn S., Carlone, George M., Huebner, Robert C., ...

Acquisition of pneumococci is generally from carriers rather than from infected individuals. Therefore, to induce herd immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae it will be necessary to elicit...

Immunization of Mice with Combinations of Pneumococcal Virulence Proteins Elicits Enhanced Protection against Challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae

Ogunniyi, A. David, Folland, Rebekah L., Briles, David E., Hollingshead, Susan K., Paton, James C.

The vaccine potential of a combination of three pneumococcal virulence proteins was evaluated in an active-immunization–intraperitoneal-challenge model in BALB/c mice, using very high challenge...

Tandem Repeat Deletion in the Alpha C Protein of Group B Streptococcus Is recA Independent

Puopolo, Karen M., Hollingshead, Susan K., Carey, Vincent J., Madoff, Lawrence C.

Group B streptococci (GBS) contain a family of protective surface proteins characterized by variable numbers of repeating units within the proteins. The prototype alpha C protein of GBS from the type...

Diversity of PspA: Mosaic Genes and Evidence for Past Recombination in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Hollingshead, Susan K., Becker, Robert, Briles, David E.

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a serologically variable protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Twenty-four diverse alleles of the pspA gene were sequenced to investigate the genetic basis for...

Comparison of the PspA Sequence from Streptococcus pneumoniae EF5668 to the Previously Identified PspA Sequence from Strain Rx1 and Ability of PspA from EF5668 To Elicit Protection against Pneumococci of Different Capsular Types

McDaniel, Larry S., McDaniel, D. Olga, Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) is a serologically varied virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae. In mice, PspA has been shown to elicit an antibody response that protects against fatal...

Role of Pneumococcal Surface Protein C in Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Pneumonia and Its Ability To Elicit Protection against Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Balachandran, Priya, Brooks-Walter, Alexis, Virolainen-Julkunen, Anni, Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Previous studies suggested that PspC is important in adherence and colonization within the nasopharynx. In this study, we conducted mutational studies to further identify the role PspC plays in the...

Both Family 1 and Family 2 PspA Proteins Can Inhibit Complement Deposition and Confer Virulence to a Capsular Serotype 3 Strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Ren, Bing, Szalai, Alexander J., Thomas, Orlanda, Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is exceptionally diverse, being classified into two major families which are over 50% divergent by sequence...

Regions of PspA/EF3296 Best Able To Elicit Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Murine Infection Model

Roche, Hazeline, Håkansson, Anders, Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) can elicit protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae in mouse infection models. PspA is classified by serology and amino acid sequence into two major families...

Evolution and Virulence of Serogroup 6 Pneumococci on a Global Scale

Robinson, D. Ashley, Briles, David E., Crain, Marilyn J., Hollingshead, Susan K.

To study the evolution and virulence of pneumococcal populations, we used multilocus sequence typing to identify the major clones among 212 carriage and invasive isolates expressing capsular...

Effects of Zinc Deficiency and Pneumococcal Surface Protein A Immunization on Zinc Status and the Risk of Severe Infection in Mice

Strand, Tor A., Hollingshead, Susan K., Julshamn, Kåre, Briles, David E., Blomberg, Bjørn, Sommerfelt, Halvor

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of illness and death in children in developing countries. In these children, zinc deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute respiratory tract...

Genetic Relatedness of Levofloxacin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from North America

Johnson, Crystal N., Moser, Stephen A., Hollingshead, Susan K., Zheng, Xiaotian, Crain, Marilyn J., ...

We characterized 32 levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (LNSP) isolates obtained from a broad geographic region of North America over a 5-year period by using capsular serotypes,...

Dissemination of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Containing Both erm(B) and mef(A) in South Korea

Waites, Ken B., Jones, Kellie E., Kim, Kyung Hyo, Moser, Stephen A., Johnson, Crystal N., Hollingshead, Susan K., ...

Macrolide resistance was detected in 64 of 77 (83.1%) Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from South Korea. Seven (10.9%) isolates contained only mef(A), 32 (50%) contained only erm(B), and 25 (39.1%)...

Effects of PspA and Antibodies to PspA on Activation and Deposition of Complement on the Pneumococcal Surface

Ren, Bing, Szalai, Alexander J., Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a frequent cause of pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, and septicemia. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is an important virulence factor on the pathogen...

PspA Protects Streptococcus pneumoniae from Killing by Apolactoferrin, and Antibody to PspA Enhances Killing of Pneumococci by Apolactoferrin

Shaper, Mirza, Hollingshead, Susan K., Benjamin, William H., Briles, David E.

Lactoferrin is an important component of innate immunity through its sequestration of iron, bactericidal activity, and immune modulatory activity. Apolactoferrin (ALF) is the iron-depleted form of...

Lipoprotein PsaA in Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Surface Accessibility and Role in Protection from Superoxide

Johnston, Jason W., Myers, Lisa E., Ochs, Martina M., Benjamin, William H., Briles, David E., Hollingshead, Susan K.

PsaA of Streptococcus pneumoniae, originally believed to be an adhesin, is the lipoprotein component of an Mn2+ transporter. Mutations in psaA cause deficiencies in growth, virulence, adherence, and...

Evolutionary Genetics of the Capsular Locus of Serogroup 6 Pneumococci

Mavroidi, Angeliki, Godoy, Daniel, Aanensen, David M., Robinson, D. Ashley, Hollingshead, Susan K., Spratt, Brian G.

The evolution of the capsular biosynthetic (cps) locus of serogroup 6 Streptococcus pneumoniae was investigated by analyzing sequence variation within three serotype-specific cps genes from 102...

Differential PsaA-, PspA-, PspC-, and PdB-Specific Immune Responses in a Mouse Model of Pneumococcal Carriage

Palaniappan, Ravichandran, Singh, Shailesh, Singh, Udai P., Sakthivel, Senthil Kumar K., Ades, Edwin W., Briles, David E., ...

Larger numbers of pneumococci were detected in the nasal tract compared to the lung, cervical lymph nodes, and spleen 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after nasal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae...

Mn2+-Dependent Regulation of Multiple Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae through PsaR and the Resultant Impact on Virulence

Johnston, Jason W., Briles, David E., Myers, Lisa E., Hollingshead, Susan K.

The concentration of Mn2+ is 1,000-fold higher in secretions than it is at internal sites of the body, making it a potential signal by which bacteria can sense a shift from a mucosal environment to a...

Validation of a Multiplex Pneumococcal Serotyping Assay with Clinical Samples

Lin, Jisheng, Kaltoft, Margit S., Brandao, Angela P., Echaniz-Aviles, Gabriela, Brandileone, M. Cristina C., Hollingshead, Susan K., ...

We have recently developed a rapid pneumococcal serotyping method called “multibead assay” (J. Yu et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:156-162, 2005) based on a multiplexed immunoassay for capsular...

Genetic Basis for the New Pneumococcal Serotype, 6C▿

Park, In Ho, Park, Saeyoung, Hollingshead, Susan K., Nahm, Moon H.

We have recently reported a new pneumococcal serotype (6C), which is closely related to serotype 6A (I. H. Park et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 45:1225-1233, 2007). To investigate the genetic basis for...

Antibody-Independent, CD4+ T-Cell-Dependent Protection against Pneumococcal Colonization Elicited by Intranasal Immunization with Purified Pneumococcal Proteins▿

Basset, Alan, Thompson, Claudette M., Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E., Ades, Edwin W., Lipsitch, Marc, ...

Immunity to pneumococcal colonization in mice by exposure to live or killed pneumococci has been shown to be antibody independent but dependent on CD4+ T cells. Here we show that intranasal...

PspA and PspC Minimize Immune Adherence and Transfer of Pneumococci from Erythrocytes to Macrophages through Their Effects on Complement Activation▿

Li, Jie, Glover, David T., Szalai, Alexander J., Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and PspC are important virulence factors. Their absence has been shown to allow improved clearance of pneumococci from the blood of mice and to decrease...

Streptococcus pneumoniae Surface Protein PcpA Elicits Protection against Lung Infection and Fatal Sepsis▿

Glover, David T., Hollingshead, Susan K., Briles, David E.

Previous studies have suggested that pneumococcal choline binding protein A (PcpA) is important for the full virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and its amino acid sequence suggests that it may...