T. Butler

Publication List Details

Period

1982 - 2009

Number

124

Co-Authors

Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 2: Modelling of emissions and transport between different ecosystems (2009)

S. M. Burrows, T. Butler, P. Jöckel, H. Tost, A. Kerkweg, U. Pöschl, ...

Bacteria are constantly being transported through the atmosphere, which may have implications for human health, agriculture, cloud formation, and the dispersal of bacterial species. We simulated the...

Impact of dust on tropospheric photochemistry over polluted regions: a case study of the Beijing megacity (2009)

S. Zhu, T. Butler, R. Sander, J. Ma, M. G. Lawrence

The box model MECCA (Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere) is updated by incorporating detailed heterogeneous chemistry occurring on mineral aerosol surfaces. The model is...

Global ozone and air quality : a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops. (2008)

Ellingsen, K., Gauss, M., Van Dingenen, R., Dentener, F. J., Emberson, L., Fiore, Arlene M., ...

Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, eighteen atmospheric models from the U.S., Europe, and Japan calculated present (2000) and future (2030) concentrations of ozone at the Earth's...

Global ozone and air quality: a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops (2008)

Ellingsen, K., Gauss, M., Van Dingenen, R., Dentener, F. J., Emberson, L., Fiore, A. M., ...

Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, eighteen atmospheric models from the U.S., Europe, and Japan calculated present (2000) and future (2030) concentrations of ozone at the Earth's...

Global ozone and air quality: a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops (2008)

Ellingsen, K., Gauss, M., Van Dingenen, R., Dentener, F. J., Emberson, L., Fiore, A. M., ...

Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, eighteen atmospheric models from the U.S., Europe, and Japan calculated present (2000) and future (2030) concentrations of ozone at the Earth's...

Global ozone and air quality: a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops (2008)

K. Ellingsen, M. Gauss, R. Van Dingenen, F. J. Dentener, L. Emberson, A. M. Fiore, ...

Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, eighteen atmospheric models from the U.S., Europe, and Japan calculated present (2000) and future (2030) concentrations of ozone at the Earth's...

Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest (2008)

Lelieveld, J., Butler, T., Crowley, J.N., Dillon, T.J., Fischer, H., Ganzeveld, L.N., ...

Terrestrial vegetation, especially tropical rain forest, releases vast quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere1, 2, 3, which are removed by oxidation reactions and...

Aetiology and pathogenesis of chronic diarrhoeal illness in adults (2007)

Azad, A.K., Islam, M., Islam, R., Salam, M.A., Hoque, S.S., Alam, A.N., ...

Objective: Study the aetiology of chronic diarrhoea and understand the underlying pathology leading to the disease. Methodology: Chronic diarrhoea was defined as duration of diarrhoeal illness for...

Effects of age, duration of illness and infecting species on the pathology of fatal childhood shigellosis (2007)

Azad, A.K., Islam, M., Islam, R., Salam, M.A., Alam, A.N., Butler, T.

Objective: Understand the pathogenesis of the complications and the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the persistence of the diarrhoeal illness, and determine the severity of colitis associated...

The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis (2007)

D. Helmig, L. Ganzeveld, T. Butler, S. J. Oltmans

Recent research on snowpack processes and atmosphere-snow gas exchange has demonstrated that chemical and physical interactions between the snowpack and the overlaying atmosphere have a substantial...

Multi-model simulations of the impact of international shipping on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in 2000 and 2030 (2007)

V. Eyring, D. S. Stevenson, A. Lauer, F. J. Dentener, T. Butler, W. J. Collins, ...

The global impact of shipping on atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing, as well as the associated uncertainties, have been quantified using an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art atmospheric...

Multi-model simulations of the impact of international shipping on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in 2000 and 2030 (2007)

Eyring, V., Stevenson, D.S., Lauer, A., Dentener, F.J., Butler, T., Collins, W.J., ...

The global impact of shipping on atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing, as well as the associated uncertainties, have been quantified using an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art atmospheric...

Multi-model ensemble simulations of troposheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000 (2007)

Eskes, H.J., Dentener, F.J., Stevenson, D.S., Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M.G., ...

We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the...

The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone ? a review and sensitivity analysis (2007)

Helmig, D., Ganzeveld, L., Butler, T., Oltmans, S. J.

Recent research on snowpack processes and atmosphere-snow gas exchange has demonstrated that chemical and physical interactions between the snowpack and the overlaying atmosphere have a substantial...

The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone ? a review and sensitivity analysis (2007)

Helmig, D., Ganzeveld, L., Butler, T., Oltmans, S. J.

Recent research on snowpack processes and atmosphere-snow gas exchange has demonstrated that chemical and physical interactions between the snowpack and the overlaying atmosphere have a substantial...

Multi-model simulations of the impact of international shipping on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in 2000 and 2030 (2007)

Eyring, V., Lauer, A., Stevenson, D.S., Dentener, F.J., Butler, T., Lawrence, M.G., ...

The global impact of shipping on atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing, as well as the associated uncertainties, have been quantified using an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art atmospheric...

Multi-model simulations of the impact of international shipping on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in 2000 and 2030 (2007)

Eyring, V., Stevenson, D. S., Lauer, A., Dentener, F. J., Butler, T., Collins, W. J., ...

The global impact of shipping on atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing, as well as the associated uncertainties, have been quantified using an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art atmospheric...

Multi-model simulations of the impact of international shipping on Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate in 2000 and 2030 (2007)

Eyring, V., Stevenson, D. S., Lauer, A., Dentener, F. J., Butler, T., Collins, W. J., ...

The global impact of shipping on atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing, as well as the associated uncertainties, have been quantified using an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art atmospheric...

The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundaru-layer tropospheric ozone - a review sensitivity analysis (2007)

Helmig, D., Ganzeveld, L.N., Butler, T., Oltmans, S.

Recent research on snowpack processes and atmosphere-snow gas exchange has demonstrated that chemical and physical interactions between the snowpack and the overlaying atmosphere have a substantial...

Global reactive nitrogen deposition from lightning NOx (2007)

Shepon, A., Gildor, H., Labrador, L.J., Butler, T., Ganzeveld, L.N., Lawrence, M.G.

We present results of the deposition of nitrogen compounds formed from lightning (LNO x ) using the global chemical transport Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry¿Max Planck Institute for...

Organic farming and agri-environmental stewardship schemes in Devon (2006)

Samuel, A, Butler, T

A postal survey was undertaken in North Devon looking at entry into England Rural Development Programme (ERDP) environmental schemes in relation to farming system and markets. The main survey was...

Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000 (2006)

H. J. Eskes, F. J. Dentener, D. S. Stevenson, K. Ellingsen, M. G. Schultz, ...

We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the...

Multimodel ensemble simulations of present-day and near-future tropospheric ozone (2006)

Stevenson, D.S., Dentener, F. J., Schultz, M. G., Ellingsen, K., Wild, O., ...

Global tropospheric ozone distributions, budgets, and radiative forcings from an ensemble of 26 state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry models have been intercompared and synthesized as part of a...

Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000 (2006)

Eskes, H. J., Dentener, F. J., Stevenson, D. S., Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G., ...

We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the...

Nitrogen and sulfur deposition on regional and global scales: A multimodel evaluation (2006)

Dentener, F., Drevet, J., Lamarque, J. F., Bey, I., Eickhout, B., Fiore, A. M., ...

We use 23 atmospheric chemistry transport models to calculate current and future (2030) deposition of reactive nitrogen (NOy, NHx) and sulfate (SOx) to land and ocean surfaces. The models are driven...

Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes (2006)

Shindell, D. T., Faluvegi, G., Stevenson, D. S., Krol, M. C., Emmons, L. K., Lamarque, J. F., ...

We analyze present-day and future carbon monoxide (CO) simulations in 26 state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry models run to study future air quality and climate change. In comparison with...

Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes (2006)

Shindell, D.T., Faluvegi, G., Stevenson, D.S., Krol, M.C., Emmons, L.K., Lamarque, J.F., ...

We analyze present-day and future carbon monoxide (CO) simulations in 26 state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry models run to study future air quality and climate change. In comparison with...

The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone ? a review and sensitivity analysis (2006)

Helmig, D., Ganzeveld, L., Butler, T., Oltmans, S. J.

Recent research on snowpack processes and atmosphere-snow gas exchange has demonstrated that chemical and physical interactions between the snowpack and the overlaying atmosphere have a substantial...

The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone ? a review and sensitivity analysis (2006)

Helmig, D., Ganzeveld, L., Butler, T., Oltmans, S. J.

Recent research on snowpack processes and atmosphere-snow gas exchange has demonstrated that chemical and physical interactions between the snowpack and the overlaying atmosphere have a substantial...

Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000 (2006)

Eskes, H. J., Dentener, F. J., Stevenson, D. S., Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G., ...

We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the...

Multi-model simulations of the impact of international shipping on atmospheric chemistry and climate in 2000 and 2030 (2006)

Eyring, V., Stevenson, D. S., Lauer, A., Dentener, F. J., Butler, T., Collins, W. J., ...

The global impact of shipping on atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing, as well as the associated uncertainties, have been quantified using an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art atmospheric...

Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000 (2006)

Eskes, H. J., Dentener, F. J., Stevenson, D. S., Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G., ...

We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the...

Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000 (2006)

Eskes, H. J., Dentener, F. J., Stevenson, D. S., Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G., ...

We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the...

Multi-model simulations of the impact of international shipping on atmospheric chemistry and climate in 2000 and 2030 (2006)

Eyring, V., Stevenson, D. S., Lauer, A., Dentener, F. J., Butler, T., Collins, W. J., ...

The global impact of shipping on atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing, as well as the associated uncertainties, have been quantified using an ensemble of ten state-of-the-art atmospheric...

Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000 (2006)

Eskes, H. J., Dentener, F. J., Stevenson, D. S., Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G., ...

We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the...

The Relationship Between Amphetamine Use, Crime and Psychiatric Disorder Among Prisoners in New South Wales (2006)

Riddell, S., Butler, T., Christie, M., Starmer, G.

The study used data from a survey of the mental health of prisoners to examine possible links between amphetamine use, psychiatric disorder and the alleged offences for which the inmate was received...

The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis (2006)

D. Helmig, L. Ganzeveld, T. Butler, S. J. Oltmans

Recent research on snowpack processes and atmosphere-snow gas exchange has demonstrated that chemical and physical interactions between the snowpack and the overlaying atmosphere have a substantial...

The role of ozone atmosphere-snow gas exchange on polar, boundary-layer tropospheric ozone – a review and sensitivity analysis (2006)

D. Helmig, L. Ganzeveld, T. Butler, S. J. Oltmans

Recent research on snowpack processes and atmosphere-snow gas exchange has demonstrated that chemical and physical interactions between the snowpack and the overlaying atmosphere have a substantial...

Organic farming and agri-environmental stewardship schemes in Devon (2006)

Samuel, A, Butler, T

A postal survey was undertaken in North Devon looking at entry into England Rural Development Programme (ERDP) environmental schemes in relation to farming system and markets. The main survey was...

Classifying pupils by where they live : how well does this predict variations in their GCSE results? (2005)

Webber, R., Butler, T.

Classifying consumers according to the type of neighbourhood in which they live is now standard practice among most of Britain’s successful consumer facing organisations. In recent years these...

Assessing future nitrogen deposition and carbon cycle feedback using a multimodel approach: Analysis of nitrogen deposition (2005)

Lamarque,J. F., Kiehl,J. T., Brasseur,G. P., Butler,T., Cameron-Smith,P., Collins,W. D., ...

In this study, we present the results of nitrogen deposition on land from a set of 29 simulations from six different tropospheric chemistry models pertaining to present-day and 2100 conditions....

Assessing future nitrogen deposition and carbon cycle feedback using a multimodel approach: Analysis of nitrogen deposition (2005)

Lamarque, J. F., Kiehl, J. T., Brasseur, G. P., Butler, T., Cameron-Smith, P., Collins, W. D., ...

In this study, we present the results of nitrogen deposition on land from a set of 29 simulations from six different tropospheric chemistry models pertaining to present-day and 2100 conditions....

Electronic line-up in light-emitting diodes with alkali-halide/metal cathodes (2003)

Brown, T.M., Friend, R.H., Millard, I.S., Lacey, D.J., Butler, T., Burroughes, J.H., ...

The electronic nature of metal-semiconductor contacts is a fundamental issue in the understanding of semiconductor device physics, because such contacts control charge injection, and therefore play a...

Optimization Model with Fairness Objective for Air Traffic Management (1998)

Butler, T.

With the ever-increasing congestion at airports around the world, studies into ways of minimizing delay costs on the ground while meeting the goals of the airlines are necessary. When arrival...

Comparison of clinical features and pathologic findings in fatal cases of typhoid fever during the initial and later stages of the disease (1997)

Azad, A.K., Islam, R., Salam, M.A., Alam, A.N., Islam, M., Butler, T.

This study was undertaken to correlate the clinical features and pathologic changes noted during the initial and later stages of fatal typhoid illness. Five cases who died during the initial stage of...

Single-dose treatment of cholera with furazolidone or tetracycline in a double-blind randomized trial.

Rabbani, G H, Islam, M R, Butler, T, Shahrier, M, Alam, K

To evaluate single doses of 400 mg of furazolidone and 1 g of tetracycline given orally to patients with diarrhea due to Vibrio cholerae, we studied 87 adults in a randomized, double-blind,...

Comparative efficacies of single intravenous doses of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for shigellosis in a placebo-controlled trial.

Kabir, I, Butler, T, Khanam, A

To evaluate ceftriaxone for the treatment of shigellosis, 94 adult males with acute dysentery were randomly assigned to receive ceftriaxone (1 g), ampicillin (4 g), or saline placebo intravenously in...

Treatment of experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection with mecillinam and ampicillin.

Butler, T, Shuster, C W, Dixon, P

The activities of mecillinam and ampicillin, alone and in combination, were evaluated in mice infected with the LT-2 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of...

Comparative efficacies of ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and ampicillin in experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection.

Anton, P A, Kemp, J A, Butler, T, Jacobs, M R

The activities of ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and ampicillin against Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 were compared in culture media at pH 5, 6, 7 and 8 and in mice inoculated intraperitoneally. The minimal...

Comparative efficacies of pivmecillinam and ampicillin in acute shigellosis.

Kabir, I, Rahaman, M M, Ahmed, S M, Akhter, S Q, Butler, T

The clinical efficacies of pivmecillinam and ampicillin were compared in a randomized double-blind trial in the treatment of acute shigellosis. Of 44 adult male patients, all culture positive for...

Treatment of typhoid fever with ceftriaxone for 5 days or chloramphenicol for 14 days: a randomized clinical trial.

Islam, A, Butler, T, Kabir, I, Alam, N H

To compare the therapeutic efficacy of ceftriaxone given once daily for 5 days and chloramphenicol given four times daily for 14 days, a controlled trial was carried out with 59 patients who were...

Interleukin-6, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor receptors in typhoid fever related to outcome of antimicrobial therapy.

Butler, T, Ho, M, Acharya, G, Tiwari, M, Gallati, H

To study mechanisms of antibiotic effects in typhoid fever, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and cytokine receptors (tumor necrosis factor receptor [TNF-R] p55 and TNF-R...

Efficacy of a single dose of furazolidone for treatment of cholera in children.

Rabbani, G H, Butler, T, Shahrier, M, Mazumdar, R, Islam, M R

To test the efficacy and safety of furazolidone given as a single dose for childhood cholera, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out among 118 culture-positive dehydrated...

Enhancement of experimental bacteremia and endocarditis caused by dysgonic fermenter (DF-2) bacterium after treatment with methylprednisolone and after splenectomy.

Butler, T, Johnston, K H, Gutierrez, Y, Aikawa, M, Cardaman, R

The dysgonic fermenter-2 bacterium is a newly recognized fastidious gram-negative bacillus that causes bacteremia and sometimes endocarditis in immunocompromised persons after they are bitten by...

Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in patients with typhoid fever.

Acharya, G, Crevoisier, C, Butler, T, Ho, M, Tiwari, M, Stoeckel, K, ...

Ceftriaxone in short courses has emerged as an effective alternative to chloramphenicol for the treatment of typhoid fever. To study the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in acute typhoid fever, 10...

Experimental Eikenella corrodens endocarditis in rabbits.

Badger, S J, Butler, T, Kim, C K, Johnston, K H

The ability of Eikenella corrodens to cause endocarditis in catheterized rabbits was studied. E. corrodens 1073, the serum-resistant strain used in the study, was isolated from a human periodontitis...

Polymyxins as inhibitors of polyclonal B-cell activators in murine lymphocyte cultures.

Butler, T, Smith, E, Hammarström, L, Möller, G

The polymyxin antibiotics polymyxin B sulfate and colistin methane sulfonate were examined for their ability to inhibit responses to the polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA) bacterial...

Mitogenic response of mouse spleen cells and gelation of limulus lysate by lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis and evidence for neutralization of lipopolysaccharide by polymyxin B.

Butler, T, Möller, G

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted with phenol and water from Yersinia pestis was compared with LPS of Escherichia coli for stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in mouse spleen cells...

Phagocytosis of Borrelia recurrentis by blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes is enhanced by antibiotic treatment.

Butler, T, Aikawa, M, Habte-Michael, A, Wallace, C

The removal of Borrelia spirochetes from the blood in relapsing fever was studied by examining patients' blood phagocytic cells with the Dieterle silver stain. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes ingested...

Experimental Yersinia pestis infection in rodents after intragastric inoculation and ingestion of bacteria.

Butler, T, Fu, Y S, Furman, L, Almeida, C, Almeida, A

To clarify the pathogenesis of oral plague infection, we studied the susceptibility of three species of rodents to intragastric inoculation of Yersinia pestis, described the pathology and progression...

Single-dose treatment of cholera with furazolidone or tetracycline in a double-blind randomized trial.

Rabbani, G H, Islam, M R, Butler, T, Shahrier, M, Alam, K

To evaluate single doses of 400 mg of furazolidone and 1 g of tetracycline given orally to patients with diarrhea due to Vibrio cholerae, we studied 87 adults in a randomized, double-blind,...

Comparative efficacies of single intravenous doses of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for shigellosis in a placebo-controlled trial.

Kabir, I, Butler, T, Khanam, A

To evaluate ceftriaxone for the treatment of shigellosis, 94 adult males with acute dysentery were randomly assigned to receive ceftriaxone (1 g), ampicillin (4 g), or saline placebo intravenously in...

Treatment of experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection with mecillinam and ampicillin.

Butler, T, Shuster, C W, Dixon, P

The activities of mecillinam and ampicillin, alone and in combination, were evaluated in mice infected with the LT-2 strain of Salmonella typhimurium. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of...

Comparative efficacies of ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and ampicillin in experimental Salmonella typhimurium infection.

Anton, P A, Kemp, J A, Butler, T, Jacobs, M R

The activities of ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and ampicillin against Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 were compared in culture media at pH 5, 6, 7 and 8 and in mice inoculated intraperitoneally. The minimal...

Comparative efficacies of pivmecillinam and ampicillin in acute shigellosis.

Kabir, I, Rahaman, M M, Ahmed, S M, Akhter, S Q, Butler, T

The clinical efficacies of pivmecillinam and ampicillin were compared in a randomized double-blind trial in the treatment of acute shigellosis. Of 44 adult male patients, all culture positive for...

Treatment of typhoid fever with ceftriaxone for 5 days or chloramphenicol for 14 days: a randomized clinical trial.

Islam, A, Butler, T, Kabir, I, Alam, N H

To compare the therapeutic efficacy of ceftriaxone given once daily for 5 days and chloramphenicol given four times daily for 14 days, a controlled trial was carried out with 59 patients who were...

Interleukin-6, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor receptors in typhoid fever related to outcome of antimicrobial therapy.

Butler, T, Ho, M, Acharya, G, Tiwari, M, Gallati, H

To study mechanisms of antibiotic effects in typhoid fever, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and cytokine receptors (tumor necrosis factor receptor [TNF-R] p55 and TNF-R...

Efficacy of a single dose of furazolidone for treatment of cholera in children.

Rabbani, G H, Butler, T, Shahrier, M, Mazumdar, R, Islam, M R

To test the efficacy and safety of furazolidone given as a single dose for childhood cholera, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out among 118 culture-positive dehydrated...

Enhancement of experimental bacteremia and endocarditis caused by dysgonic fermenter (DF-2) bacterium after treatment with methylprednisolone and after splenectomy.

Butler, T, Johnston, K H, Gutierrez, Y, Aikawa, M, Cardaman, R

The dysgonic fermenter-2 bacterium is a newly recognized fastidious gram-negative bacillus that causes bacteremia and sometimes endocarditis in immunocompromised persons after they are bitten by...

Pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in patients with typhoid fever.

Acharya, G, Crevoisier, C, Butler, T, Ho, M, Tiwari, M, Stoeckel, K, ...

Ceftriaxone in short courses has emerged as an effective alternative to chloramphenicol for the treatment of typhoid fever. To study the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone in acute typhoid fever, 10...

Experimental Eikenella corrodens endocarditis in rabbits.

Badger, S J, Butler, T, Kim, C K, Johnston, K H

The ability of Eikenella corrodens to cause endocarditis in catheterized rabbits was studied. E. corrodens 1073, the serum-resistant strain used in the study, was isolated from a human periodontitis...

Polymyxins as inhibitors of polyclonal B-cell activators in murine lymphocyte cultures.

Butler, T, Smith, E, Hammarström, L, Möller, G

The polymyxin antibiotics polymyxin B sulfate and colistin methane sulfonate were examined for their ability to inhibit responses to the polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA) bacterial...

Mitogenic response of mouse spleen cells and gelation of limulus lysate by lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis and evidence for neutralization of lipopolysaccharide by polymyxin B.

Butler, T, Möller, G

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted with phenol and water from Yersinia pestis was compared with LPS of Escherichia coli for stimulation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in mouse spleen cells...

Phagocytosis of Borrelia recurrentis by blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes is enhanced by antibiotic treatment.

Butler, T, Aikawa, M, Habte-Michael, A, Wallace, C

The removal of Borrelia spirochetes from the blood in relapsing fever was studied by examining patients' blood phagocytic cells with the Dieterle silver stain. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes ingested...

Experimental Yersinia pestis infection in rodents after intragastric inoculation and ingestion of bacteria.

Butler, T, Fu, Y S, Furman, L, Almeida, C, Almeida, A

To clarify the pathogenesis of oral plague infection, we studied the susceptibility of three species of rodents to intragastric inoculation of Yersinia pestis, described the pathology and progression...

Segmental necrotising enterocolitis: pathological and clinical features of 22 cases in Bangladesh.

Butler, T, Dahms, B, Lindpaintner, K, Islam, M, Azad, M A, Anton, P

To describe the pathology and clinical features of segmental necrotising enterocolitis (SNE) in children and adults, 22 diarrhoeal patients (median age two years, range two months to 50 years) in...

Anatomical and visual outcome of retinal detachment surgery in children

Butler, T, Kiel, A, Orr, G

AIMS—To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcome, as well as complications following surgery, for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children at a tertiary referral centre over a 5 year...

A six year longitudinal study of the occupational consequences of drinking over "safe limits" of alcohol.

Jenkins, R, Harvey, S, Butler, T, Thomas, R L

Although much research has focused on the psychological, social, and economic consequences of heavy problem drinking, there has been far less attention paid to the consequences of "moderate"...

The serological response to Yersinia pestis infection

Butler, T., Hudson, B. W.

Passive haemagglutination antibody titres to Fraction I antigen of Yersinia pestis were plotted against day of clinical illness in 82 patients in Viet Nam. A rise was evident by day 5 with a peak at...

Plague in Brazil during two years of bacteriological and serological surveillance*

Almeida, C. R., Almeida, A. R., Vieira, J. Baptiste, Guida, U., Butler, T.

In north-east Brazil, where plague infection is endemic, bacteriological and serological methods were employed during a two-year period to determine accurately the occurrence of human infection and...

The use of oral replacement solutions in the treatment of cholera and other severe diarrhoeal disorders*

Sack, R. B., Cassells, J., Mitra, R., Merritt, C., Butler, T., Thomas, J., ...

Despite the progress that has been made in the treatment of cholera, mortality rates from this disease remain high in rural areas where intravenous fluids are not readily available. The authors have...

Causes of death in diarrhoeal diseases after rehydration therapy: an autopsy study of 140 patients in Bangladesh

Butler, T., Islam, M., Azad, A. K., Islam, M. R., Speelman, P.

The cause of death (besides dehydration) for 140 diarrhoeal patients who died in hospital following rehydration was determined by autopsy examination. Children under 5 years comprised 74% of the...