Espinel-Ingroff, A., Fothergill, A., Ghannoum, M., Manavathu, E., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Pfaller, M. A., ...
The CLSI (formerly NCCLS) M38-A document for antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does not describe guidelines for echinocandins. A multicenter study (eight centers) evaluated...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Rex, J. H., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Johnson, E. M., Andes, D., ...
Developing interpretive breakpoints for any given organism-drug combination requires integration of the MIC distribution, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, and the relationship between...
Ghannoum, M. A., Arthington-Skaggs, B., Chaturvedi, V., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Pfaller, M. A., Rennie, R., ...
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI; formerly National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, or NCCLS) M38-A standard for the susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does...
Effects of septal cholinergic lesion on rat exploratory behavior in an open-field (2003)
Lamprea,M.R., Cardenas,F.P., Silveira,R., Walsh,T.J., Morato,S.
The medial septum participates in the modulation of exploratory behavior triggered by novelty. Also, selective lesions of the cholinergic component of the septohippocampal system alter the...
Coherent Optical Adaptive Techniques (COAT). (2002)
Pearson,J. E., Bridges,W. B., Horwitz,L. S., Kubo,R. M., Walsh,T. J.
There are two primary objectives of this program. The first objective is to determine the performance limits of coherent optical adaptive techniques through operation of an experimental, visible...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Bartlett, M., Chaturvedi, V., Ghannoum, M., Hazen, K. C., Pfaller, M. A., ...
The most important role of susceptibility testing is to identify potentially resistant isolates for the agent being evaluated. Standard testing guidelines recently have been proposed for antifungal...
Coherent Optical Adaptive Techniques (COAT). (1998)
Brunner,P. T., Lazzara,S. P., Nussmeier,T. A., O'Mera,T. R., Walsh,T. J.
Coherent optical adaptive techniques (COAT) can be applied to overcome the deleterious effects of atmospheric turbulence. The report covers the design phase of an experimental program to design,...
Coherent Optical Adaptive Techniques (COAT). (1998)
Bridges,W. B., Horwitz,L. S., Kubo,R. M., Pearson,J. L., Walsh,T. J.
Coherent optical adaptive techniques are designed to overcome degradations experienced by optical beams propagating in media with fixed or time-varying distortions. This report presents results from...
Al-Mohsen, I. Z., Sutton, D. A., Sigler, L., Almodovar, E., Mahgoub, N., Frayha, H., ...
A 12-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center. The diagnosis without central nervous system (CNS) involvement was confirmed...
Fungal Lethality, Binding, and Cytotoxicity of Syringomycin-E
De Lucca, A. J., Jacks, T. J., Takemoto, J., Vinyard, B., Peter, J., Navarro, E., ...
Syringomycin-E (SE) was significantly lethal to Aspergillus and Fusarium species at between 1.9 and 7.8 μg/ml. SE complexed with the following fungal wall constituents (in order of binding):...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Bartlett, M., Chaturvedi, V., Ghannoum, M., Hazen, K. C., Pfaller, M. A., ...
The most important role of susceptibility testing is to identify potentially resistant isolates for the agent being evaluated. Standard testing guidelines recently have been proposed for antifungal...
Odds, F. C., Van Gerven, F., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Bartlett, M. S., Ghannoum, M. A., Lancaster, M. V., ...
Nine isolates of filamentous fungi previously tested in 11 different laboratories for their susceptibilities to amphotericin B and itraconazole in vitro were injected intravenously into mice and...
Espinel-Ingroff, A., Fothergill, A., Peter, J., Rinaldi, M. G., Walsh, T. J.
Standard conditions are not available for evaluating the minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of antifungal agents. This multicenter collaborative study investigated the reproducibility in three...
Walsh, T J, Garrett, K, Feurerstein, E, Girton, M, Allende, M, Bacher, J, ...
Pulmonary infiltrates in neutropenic hosts with invasive aspergillosis are due to vascular invasion and hemorrhagic infarction. In order to measure the effect of antifungal compounds on this...
Walsh, T J, Peter, J, McGough, D A, Fothergill, A W, Rinaldi, M G, Pizzo, P A
In order to develop new approaches to treatment of infections due to Pseudallescheria boydii, the in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B alone and in combination with miconazole,...
N-acetylcysteine inhibits germination of conidia and growth of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp.
De Lucca, A J, Walsh, T J, Daigle, D J
N-Acetylcysteine inhibited hyphal growth and germination of conidia of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. N-Acetylcysteine inhibited conidial germination as well as or better than L-cysteine....
Fungicidal activity of cecropin A.
DeLucca, A J, Bland, J M, Jacks, T J, Grimm, C, Cleveland, T E, Walsh, T J
Cecropin A (CA) fungicidal properties were explored. Nongerminated and germinated Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. conidia were treated with CA. CA achieved complete lethality at < or = 25 microM...
Walsh, T J, Whitcomb, P, Piscitelli, S, Figg, W D, Hill, S, Chanock, S J, ...
The safety, tolerance, and pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) were studied in a cohort of pediatric cancer patients. Six children with hepatosplenic candidiasis (HSC) received...
Effects of antifungal agents on the function of human neutrophils in vitro.
Roilides, E, Walsh, T J, Rubin, M, Venzon, D, Pizzo, P A
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are an important component of the host defense against fungi. We investigated the influence of five antifungal agents on PMN function and compared them with...
Penetration of SCH-39304, a new antifungal triazole, into cerebrospinal fluid of primates.
Walsh, T J, Lester-McCully, C, Rinaldi, M G, Wallace, J E, Balis, F M, Lee, J W, ...
We characterized the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration and pharmacokinetics of SCH-39304 in adult rhesus monkeys receiving a single oral dose of SCH-39304 (2.0 mg/kg of body weight). The mean...
Walsh, T J, Lee, J W, Lecciones, J, Kelly, P, Peter, J, Thomas, V, ...
To investigate the potential use of SCH-39304 for the prevention and treatment of disseminated candidiasis in granulocytopenic patients, we studied its in vivo antifungal activity as preventive,...
Cilofungin (LY121019) shows nonlinear plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration in rabbits.
Lee, J W, Kelly, P, Lecciones, J, Coleman, D, Gordee, R, Pizzo, P A, ...
We studied the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of cilofungin (LY121019), a new echinocandin antifungal compound, by intermittent and continuous infusion in rabbits. Following a single...
Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of fluconazole in rabbits.
Walsh, T J, Foulds, G, Pizzo, P A
Fluconazole is a new bis-triazole antifungal compound which has in vivo and in vitro activity against Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans and excellent penetration into cerebrospinal fluid....
Lee, J W, Lin, C, Loebenberg, D, Rubin, M, Pizzo, P A, Walsh, T J
We studied the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of Sch 39304 (SCH), a new antifungal triazole, in granulocytopenic [G(+)] and nongranulocytopenic [G(-)] rabbits. Five female New Zealand...
Yan, S, Nègre, E, Cashel, J A, Guo, N, Lyman, C A, Walsh, T J, ...
Fibronectin (FN) is a major component of host extracellular matrix that may play an important role in the initiation and dissemination of Candida albicans infections. Expression of FN binding...
Steady-state serum pharmacokinetics of novobiocin and rifampin alone and in combination.
Drusano, G L, Townsend, R J, Walsh, T J, Forrest, A, Antal, E J, Standiford, H C
Because of the potential of novobiocin-rifampin for oral therapy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of novobiocin and rifampin, alone and in...
Phagocytosis of medically important yeasts by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Phagocytosis is a critical function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the control of mycotic infections. By using a modified fluorescence quenching assay to distinguish between attached and ingested...
Walsh, T J, Standiford, H C, Reboli, A C, John, J F, Mulligan, M E, Ribner, B S, ...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen in hospitals. Current antimicrobial regimens for eradicating colonizing strains are not well defined and are often complicated...
Berenguer, J, Ali, N M, Allende, M C, Lee, J, Garrett, K, Battaglia, S, ...
Itraconazole and amphotericin B were compared by using a newly developed model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in rabbits immunosuppressed with methylprednisolone and cyclosporin A (CsA). Both...
Roilides, E, Robinson, T, Sein, T, Pizzo, P A, Walsh, T J
Because cyclosporin A (CsA) is extensively used as an immunosuppressive agent, its effects on phagocytic defenses against Aspergillus fumigatus were studied in vitro and ex vivo. After incubation...
Standardized susceptibility testing of fluconazole: an international collaborative study.
Pfaller, M A, Dupont, B, Kobayashi, G S, Müller, J, Rinaldi, M G, Espinel-Ingroff, A, ...
An international collaborative study of broth dilution (MIC) and disk diffusion susceptibility testing of fluconazole was conducted by using a chemically defined medium (High-Resolution Antifungal...
Lyman, C A, Devi, S J, Nathanson, J, Frasch, C E, Pizzo, P A, Walsh, T J
Sera from patients with systemic infections caused by the opportunistic fungus Trichosporon beigelii have been shown to cross-react with anticryptococcal antibodies. We quantitatively compared the...
Gehrt, A, Peter, J, Pizzo, P A, Walsh, T J
Inoculum size is a critical variable in development of methods for antifungal susceptibility testing for filamentous fungi. In order to investigate the influence of different inoculum sizes on MICs...
Walsh, T J, Francesconi, A, Kasai, M, Chanock, S J
The application of PCR technology to molecular diagnostics holds great promise for the early identification of medically important pathogens. PCR has been shown to be useful for the detection of the...
Espinel-Ingroff, A, Bartlett, M, Bowden, R, Chin, N X, Cooper, C, Fothergill, A, ...
A multicenter study was conducted to expand the generation and analysis of data that supports the proposal of a reference method for the antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi. Broth...
Quantitative urine cultures do not reliably detect renal candidiasis in rabbits.
Navarro, E E, Almario, J S, Schaufele, R L, Bacher, J, Walsh, T J
The significance of quantitative urine cultures in patients at risk for hematogenous disseminated candidiasis is controversial. While various concentrations of Candida spp. in urine have been...
Walsh, T J, Lee, J W, Kelly, P, Bacher, J, Lecciones, J, Thomas, V, ...
Cilofungin (LY-121019) is a fungicidal cell wall-active 1,3-beta-glucan synthetase inhibitor with a short plasma half-life and saturable nonlinear plasma pharmacokinetics. To optimize the in vivo...
Isolation and characterization of cell surface mutants of Candida albicans.
Whelan, W L, Delga, J M, Wadsworth, E, Walsh, T J, Kwon-Chung, K J, Calderone, R, ...
Mutant strains of Candida albicans were obtained by selecting for cells that escaped agglutination by a polyclonal antiserum raised against standard C. albicans serotype A isolate B311. Mutants were...
Switchenko, A C, Miyada, C G, Goodman, T C, Walsh, T J, Wong, B, Becker, M J, ...
An automated enzymatic method was developed for the measurement of D-arabinitol in human serum. The assay is based on a novel, highly specific D-arabinitol dehydrogenase from Candida tropicalis. This...
Modified procedures for the Sceptor Gram-Positive MIC Panel and the Vitek AutoMicrobic System GPS-M Card were evaluated for their ability to detect methicillin-resistant (heteroresistant)...
Walsh, T J, McEntee, C, Dixon, D M
A simple method of tissue homogenization with sterile reinforced polyethylene bags for quantitative fungal cultures was evaluated with mice infected with Candida albicans. This new method correlated...
Clinical, microbiological, and experimental animal studies of Candida lipolytica.
Walsh, T J, Salkin, I F, Dixon, D M, Hurd, N J
Candida lipolytica was recovered from six patients in three different clinical centers. The index isolate caused a persistent fungemia with catheter-associated Candida thrombophlebitis, the second...
Trichosporon beigelii, an emerging pathogen resistant to amphotericin B.
Walsh, T J, Melcher, G P, Rinaldi, M G, Lecciones, J, McGough, D A, Kelly, P, ...
Trichosporon beigelii caused fatal disseminated infections that were resistant to amphotericin B in two granulocytopenic patients. In vitro susceptibility studies demonstrated that both index strains...
Patterns of morphologic variation among isolates of Trichosporon beigelii.
Lee, J W, Melcher, G A, Rinaldi, M G, Pizzo, P A, Walsh, T J
We observed considerable variability in colony and microscopic morphology among isolates of Trichosporon beigelii. Deeply invasive clinical isolates showed four distinct morphotypes and spontaneous...
Walsh, T J, Venanzi, W E, Dixon, D M
A new method of quantifying Candida spp. and Torulopsis glabrata suspensions, the spiral inoculation system, was studied to compare its accuracy, efficiency, and cost with the standard pour plating...
Melcher, G P, Reed, K D, Rinaldi, M G, Lee, J W, Pizzo, P A, Walsh, T J
Patients with disseminated infections caused by Trichosporon beigelii have a circulating antigen that cross-reacts with the polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans. We studied the...
Kemker, B J, Lehmann, P F, Lee, J W, Walsh, T J
Fifteen clinical and environmental strains of Trichosporon beigelii were analyzed for similarities by using morphological features, biochemical profiles based on carbon compound assimilation and uric...
Roilides, E, Uhlig, K, Venzon, D, Pizzo, P A, Walsh, T J
Neutrophils (PMNs) are a critical line of defense against Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Increased frequency of invasive aspergillosis has been observed in patients receiving corticosteroids,...
Roilides, E, Uhlig, K, Venzon, D, Pizzo, P A, Walsh, T J
Invasive aspergillosis is a serious fungal infection caused by the proliferation and invasion of Aspergillus hyphae in tissue. Neutrophils (PMNs) are the most important line of defense against...
Allende, M C, Lee, J W, Francis, P, Garrett, K, Dollenberg, H, Berenguer, J, ...
We investigated the safety and efficacy of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) for the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in persistently granulocytopenic rabbits. Treatment groups...
Lee, J W, Amantea, M A, Francis, P A, Navarro, E E, Bacher, J, Pizzo, P A, ...
A unilamellar liposomal formulation of amphotericin B (LAmB) known as AmBisome was safely administered intravenously to 20 rabbits at 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg of body weight, whereas of 12...
Fungus dose-dependent primary pulmonary aspergillosis in immunosuppressed mice.
Dixon, D M, Polak, A, Walsh, T J
We report on a model of primary pulmonary aspergillosis occurring after intranasal instillation of concentrated suspensions of conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus in immunocompromised mice....
Foster, C B, Lehrnbecher, T, Mol, F, Steinberg, S M, Venzon, D J, Walsh, T J, ...
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disorder of phagocyte function in which defective superoxide production results in deficient microbicidal activity. CGD patients suffer from...
Simitsopoulou, M., Roilides, E., Dotis, J., Dalakiouridou, M., Dudkova, F., Andreadou, E., ...
The immunomodulatory effects of liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB), amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC), and amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) on mRNA and protein profiles of five cytokines and...
Dotis, J., Simitsopoulou, M., Dalakiouridou, M., Konstantinou, T., Taparkou, A., Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou, F., ...
The immunomodulatory effects of liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB), amphotericin B lipid complex, and amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) on antifungal activity of human monocytes (MNCs), an...
Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Rex, J. H., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Johnson, E. M., Andes, D., ...
Developing interpretive breakpoints for any given organism-drug combination requires integration of the MIC distribution, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, and the relationship between...
Al-Mohsen, I. Z., Sutton, D. A., Sigler, L., Almodovar, E., Mahgoub, N., Frayha, H., ...
A 12-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was referred to King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center. The diagnosis without central nervous system (CNS) involvement was confirmed...
Fungal Lethality, Binding, and Cytotoxicity of Syringomycin-E
De Lucca, A. J., Jacks, T. J., Takemoto, J., Vinyard, B., Peter, J., Navarro, E., ...
Syringomycin-E (SE) was significantly lethal to Aspergillus and Fusarium species at between 1.9 and 7.8 μg/ml. SE complexed with the following fungal wall constituents (in order of binding):...