Terry A. Krulwich

mrp, a Multigene, Multifunctional Locus in Bacillus subtilis with Roles in Resistance to Cholate and to Na+ and in pH Homeostasis

Ito, Masahiro, Guffanti, Arthur A., Oudega, Bauke, Krulwich, Terry A.

A 5.9-kb region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome is transcribed as a single transcript that is predicted to encode seven membrane-spanning proteins. Homologues of the first gene of this operon,...

Effects of Nonpolar Mutations in Each of the Seven Bacillus subtilis mrp Genes Suggest Complex Interactions among the Gene Products in Support of Na+ and Alkali but Not Cholate Resistance

Ito, Masahiro, Guffanti, Arthur A., Wang, Wei, Krulwich, Terry A.

The Bacillus subtilis mrp (multiple resistance and pH) operon supports Na+ and alkali resistance via an Na+/H+ antiport, as well as cholate efflux and resistance. Among the individual mutants with...

Twelve-Transmembrane-Segment (TMS) Version (ΔTMS VII-VIII) of the 14-TMS Tet(L) Antibiotic Resistance Protein Retains Monovalent Cation Transport Modes but Lacks Tetracycline Efflux Capacity

Jin, Jie, Guffanti, Arthur A., Beck, Catherine, Krulwich, Terry A.

A “Tet(L)-12” version of Tet(L), a tetracycline efflux protein with 14 transmembrane segments (TMS), was constructed by deletion of two central TMS. Tet(L)-12 catalyzed Na+/H+ antiport and...

GerN, an Endospore Germination Protein of Bacillus cereus, Is an Na+/H+-K+ Antiporter

Southworth, Thomas W., Guffanti, Arthur A., Moir, Anne, Krulwich, Terry A.

GerN, a Bacillus cereus spore germination protein, exhibits homology to a widely distributed group of putative cation transporters or channel proteins. GerN complemented the Na+-sensitive phenotype...

Two Types of Bacillus subtilis tetA(L) Deletion Strains Reveal the Physiological Importance of TetA(L) in K+ Acquisition as well as in Na+, Alkali, and Tetracycline Resistance

Wang, Wei, Guffanti, Arthur A., Wei, Yi, Ito, Masahiro, Krulwich, Terry A.

The chromosomally encoded TetA(L) protein of Bacillus subtilis is a multifunctional tetracycline-metal/H+ antiporter that also exhibits monovalent cation/H+ antiport activity and a net K+ uptake...

Site-Directed Mutagenesis Studies of Selected Motif and Charged Residues and of Cysteines of the Multifunctional Tetracycline Efflux Protein Tet(L)

Jin, Jie, Krulwich, Terry A.

All of the transmembrane glutamates of Tet(L) are essential for tetracycline (TET) resistance, and E397 has been shown to be essential for all catalytic modes, i.e., TET-Me2+ and Na+ efflux and K+...

Tet(L) and Tet(K) Tetracycline-Divalent Metal/H+ Antiporters: Characterization of Multiple Catalytic Modes and a Mutagenesis Approach to Differences in Their Efflux Substrate and Coupling Ion Preferences

Jin, Jie, Guffanti, Arthur A., Bechhofer, David H., Krulwich, Terry A.

The Tet(L) protein encoded in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and the closely related Tet(K) protein from Staphylococcus aureus plasmids are multifunctional antiporters that have three cytoplasmic...

Mutational Loss of a K+ and NH4+ Transporter Affects the Growth and Endospore Formation of Alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4

Wei, Yi, Southworth, Thomas W., Kloster, Hilde, Ito, Masahiro, Guffanti, Arthur A., Moir, Anne, ...

A putative transport protein (Orf9) of alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4 belongs to a transporter family (CPA-2) of diverse K+ efflux proteins and cation antiporters. Orf9 greatly increased the...

A tenth atp gene and the conserved atpI gene of a Bacillus atp operon have a role in Mg2+ uptake

Hicks, David B., Wang, ZhenXiong, Wei, Yi, Kent, Rebecca, Guffanti, Arthur A., Banciu, Horia, ...

The atp operon of alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4, as in most prokaryotes, contains the eight structural genes for the F-ATPase (ATP synthase), which are preceded by an atpI gene that encodes...

The Abundance of atp Gene Transcript and of the Membrane F1F0-ATPase as a Function of the Growth pH of Alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus OF4

Ivey, D. Mack, Sturr, Michael G., Krulwich, Terry A., Hicks, David B.

Molecular biological and biochemical studies of the F1F0-ATP synthase of alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus OF4 show that the enzyme used at pH 7.5 and pH 10.5 is a unique product of the atp operon,...

Abolition of Crypticity of Arthrobacter pyridinolis Toward Glucose and α-Glucosides by Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates

Sobel, Mark E., Wolfson, Ellen B., Krulwich, Terry A.

Arthrobacter pyridinolis cannot grow on glucose as sole carbon source, although the cells possess catabolic enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof and pentose phosphate pathways as well as a complete...

Ultrastructural Explanation for Snapping Postfission Movements in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes

Krulwich, Terry A., Pate, Jack L.

The ultrastructure of dividing rod-stage cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes was examined by electron microscopy. The cell walls consist of two layers. During cell division, the inner layer...

Alteration of Glucose Metabolism of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes by Compounds Which Induce Sphere to Rod Morphogenesis

Krulwich, Terry A., Ensign, J. C.

Succinate and several other compounds which induce sphere to rod morphogenesis of A. crystallopoietes were found to suppress both catabolism and assimilation of glucose. Diauxic growth patterns...

Inhibition of Isocitrate Lyase: the Basis for Inhibition of Growth of Two Arthrobacter Species by Pyruvate

Wolfson, Philip J., Krulwich, Terry A.

Growth of Arthrobacter atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis on certain growth substrates was found to be inhibited by pyruvate and compounds which can be converted to pyruvate. Growth of A. atrocyaneus on...

Sphere-Rod Morphogenesis in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes I. Cell Wall Composition and Polysaccharides of the Peptidoglycan1

Krulwich, Terry A., Ensign, Jerald C., Tipper, Donald J., Strominger, Jack L.

Cell walls of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes were prepared from cells grown as spheres and from peptone- and succinate-induced rod stage cells. Undegraded polysaccharide backbones of the...

Sphere-Rod Morphogenesis in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes II. Peptides of the Cell Wall Peptidoglycan1

Krulwich, Terry A., Ensign, Jerald C., Tipper, Donald J., Strominger, Jack L.

Cell walls of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes grown as spheres and as rods were solubilized by treatment with the B enzyme from Chalaropsis, an N-acetylmuramidase. The neutral glycopeptides were then...

Metabolism of d-Fructose by Arthrobacter pyridinolis

Sobel, Mark E., Krulwich, Terry A.

Previous studies showed that Arthrobacter pyridinolis can transport and utilize d-glucose only after prior growth on certain Krebs cycle intermediates. In contrast, we found that d-fructose was taken...

Stimulation of Nitrobacter agilis by Biotin

Krulwich, Terry A., Funk, Helen B.

Krulwich, Terry A. (Goucher College, Baltimore, Md.), and Helen B. Funk. Stimulation of Nitrobacter agilis by biotin. J. Bacteriol. 90:729–733. 1965.—Addition of biotin to nitrite-mineral medium...

Requirement for a Functional Respiration-Coupled D-Fructose Transport System for Induction of Phosphoenolpyruvate: D-Fructose Phosphotransferase Activity

Wolfson, Ellen B., Krulwich, Terry A.

Previous studies have shown that Arthrobacter pyridinolis can transport D-fructose or L-rhamnose using either a phosphoenolpyruvate:hexose phosphotransferase (phosphoenolpyruvate:protein...

The voltage-gated Na+ channel NaVBP has a role in motility, chemotaxis, and pH homeostasis of an alkaliphilic Bacillus

Ito, Masahiro, Xu, Haoxing, Guffanti, Arthur A., Wei, Yi, Zvi, Lior, Clapham, David E., ...

The prokaryotic voltage-gated Na+ channel, NaChBac, is one of a growing channel superfamily of unknown function. Here we show that NaVBP, the NaChBac homologue encoded by ncbA in alkaliphilic...

The Mrp Na+/H+ Antiporter Increases the Activity of the Malate:Quinone Oxidoreductase of an Escherichia coli Respiratory Mutant

Swartz, Talia H., Ito, Masahiro, Hicks, David B., Nuqui, Mark, Guffanti, Arthur A., Krulwich, Terry A.

Mrp catalyzes secondary Na+/H+ antiport and was hypothesized to have an additional primary energization mode. Mrp-dependent complementation of nonfermentative growth of an Escherichia coli...

The Activity Profile of the NhaD-Type Na+(Li+)/H+ Antiporter from the Soda Lake Haloalkaliphile Alkalimonas amylolytica Is Adaptive for the Extreme Environment

Liu, Jun, Xue, Yanfen, Wang, Quanhui, Wei, Yi, Swartz, Talia H., Hicks, David B., ...

In extreme alkaliphiles, Na+/H+ antiporters play a central role in the Na+ cycle that supports pH homeostasis, Na+ resistance, solute uptake, and motility. Properties of individual antiporters have...

An Intergenic Stem-Loop Mutation in the Bacillus subtilis ccpA-motPS Operon Increases motPS Transcription and the MotPS Contribution to Motility†

Terahara, Naoya, Fujisawa, Makoto, Powers, Benjamin, Henkin, Tina M., Krulwich, Terry A., Ito, Masahiro

A stem-loop mutation between ccpA and motP in the Bacillus subtilis ccpA-motPS operon increased motPS transcription and membrane-associated MotPS levels, motility, and number of flagella/cell when...

mrp, a Multigene, Multifunctional Locus in Bacillus subtilis with Roles in Resistance to Cholate and to Na+ and in pH Homeostasis

Ito, Masahiro, Guffanti, Arthur A., Oudega, Bauke, Krulwich, Terry A.

A 5.9-kb region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome is transcribed as a single transcript that is predicted to encode seven membrane-spanning proteins. Homologues of the first gene of this operon,...

Effects of Nonpolar Mutations in Each of the Seven Bacillus subtilis mrp Genes Suggest Complex Interactions among the Gene Products in Support of Na+ and Alkali but Not Cholate Resistance

Ito, Masahiro, Guffanti, Arthur A., Wang, Wei, Krulwich, Terry A.

The Bacillus subtilis mrp (multiple resistance and pH) operon supports Na+ and alkali resistance via an Na+/H+ antiport, as well as cholate efflux and resistance. Among the individual mutants with...

Twelve-Transmembrane-Segment (TMS) Version (ΔTMS VII-VIII) of the 14-TMS Tet(L) Antibiotic Resistance Protein Retains Monovalent Cation Transport Modes but Lacks Tetracycline Efflux Capacity

Jin, Jie, Guffanti, Arthur A., Beck, Catherine, Krulwich, Terry A.

A “Tet(L)-12” version of Tet(L), a tetracycline efflux protein with 14 transmembrane segments (TMS), was constructed by deletion of two central TMS. Tet(L)-12 catalyzed Na+/H+ antiport and...

GerN, an Endospore Germination Protein of Bacillus cereus, Is an Na+/H+-K+ Antiporter

Southworth, Thomas W., Guffanti, Arthur A., Moir, Anne, Krulwich, Terry A.

GerN, a Bacillus cereus spore germination protein, exhibits homology to a widely distributed group of putative cation transporters or channel proteins. GerN complemented the Na+-sensitive phenotype...

Two Types of Bacillus subtilis tetA(L) Deletion Strains Reveal the Physiological Importance of TetA(L) in K+ Acquisition as well as in Na+, Alkali, and Tetracycline Resistance

Wang, Wei, Guffanti, Arthur A., Wei, Yi, Ito, Masahiro, Krulwich, Terry A.

The chromosomally encoded TetA(L) protein of Bacillus subtilis is a multifunctional tetracycline-metal/H+ antiporter that also exhibits monovalent cation/H+ antiport activity and a net K+ uptake...

Site-Directed Mutagenesis Studies of Selected Motif and Charged Residues and of Cysteines of the Multifunctional Tetracycline Efflux Protein Tet(L)

Jin, Jie, Krulwich, Terry A.

All of the transmembrane glutamates of Tet(L) are essential for tetracycline (TET) resistance, and E397 has been shown to be essential for all catalytic modes, i.e., TET-Me2+ and Na+ efflux and K+...

Tet(L) and Tet(K) Tetracycline-Divalent Metal/H+ Antiporters: Characterization of Multiple Catalytic Modes and a Mutagenesis Approach to Differences in Their Efflux Substrate and Coupling Ion Preferences

Jin, Jie, Guffanti, Arthur A., Bechhofer, David H., Krulwich, Terry A.

The Tet(L) protein encoded in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and the closely related Tet(K) protein from Staphylococcus aureus plasmids are multifunctional antiporters that have three cytoplasmic...

Mutational Loss of a K+ and NH4+ Transporter Affects the Growth and Endospore Formation of Alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4

Wei, Yi, Southworth, Thomas W., Kloster, Hilde, Ito, Masahiro, Guffanti, Arthur A., Moir, Anne, ...

A putative transport protein (Orf9) of alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4 belongs to a transporter family (CPA-2) of diverse K+ efflux proteins and cation antiporters. Orf9 greatly increased the...

A tenth atp gene and the conserved atpI gene of a Bacillus atp operon have a role in Mg2+ uptake

Hicks, David B., Wang, ZhenXiong, Wei, Yi, Kent, Rebecca, Guffanti, Arthur A., Banciu, Horia, ...

The atp operon of alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4, as in most prokaryotes, contains the eight structural genes for the F-ATPase (ATP synthase), which are preceded by an atpI gene that encodes...

The Abundance of atp Gene Transcript and of the Membrane F1F0-ATPase as a Function of the Growth pH of Alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus OF4

Ivey, D. Mack, Sturr, Michael G., Krulwich, Terry A., Hicks, David B.

Molecular biological and biochemical studies of the F1F0-ATP synthase of alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus OF4 show that the enzyme used at pH 7.5 and pH 10.5 is a unique product of the atp operon,...

Abolition of Crypticity of Arthrobacter pyridinolis Toward Glucose and α-Glucosides by Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates

Sobel, Mark E., Wolfson, Ellen B., Krulwich, Terry A.

Arthrobacter pyridinolis cannot grow on glucose as sole carbon source, although the cells possess catabolic enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof and pentose phosphate pathways as well as a complete...

Ultrastructural Explanation for Snapping Postfission Movements in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes

Krulwich, Terry A., Pate, Jack L.

The ultrastructure of dividing rod-stage cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes was examined by electron microscopy. The cell walls consist of two layers. During cell division, the inner layer...

Alteration of Glucose Metabolism of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes by Compounds Which Induce Sphere to Rod Morphogenesis

Krulwich, Terry A., Ensign, J. C.

Succinate and several other compounds which induce sphere to rod morphogenesis of A. crystallopoietes were found to suppress both catabolism and assimilation of glucose. Diauxic growth patterns...

Inhibition of Isocitrate Lyase: the Basis for Inhibition of Growth of Two Arthrobacter Species by Pyruvate

Wolfson, Philip J., Krulwich, Terry A.

Growth of Arthrobacter atrocyaneus and A. pyridinolis on certain growth substrates was found to be inhibited by pyruvate and compounds which can be converted to pyruvate. Growth of A. atrocyaneus on...

Sphere-Rod Morphogenesis in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes I. Cell Wall Composition and Polysaccharides of the Peptidoglycan1

Krulwich, Terry A., Ensign, Jerald C., Tipper, Donald J., Strominger, Jack L.

Cell walls of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes were prepared from cells grown as spheres and from peptone- and succinate-induced rod stage cells. Undegraded polysaccharide backbones of the...

Sphere-Rod Morphogenesis in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes II. Peptides of the Cell Wall Peptidoglycan1

Krulwich, Terry A., Ensign, Jerald C., Tipper, Donald J., Strominger, Jack L.

Cell walls of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes grown as spheres and as rods were solubilized by treatment with the B enzyme from Chalaropsis, an N-acetylmuramidase. The neutral glycopeptides were then...

Metabolism of d-Fructose by Arthrobacter pyridinolis

Sobel, Mark E., Krulwich, Terry A.

Previous studies showed that Arthrobacter pyridinolis can transport and utilize d-glucose only after prior growth on certain Krebs cycle intermediates. In contrast, we found that d-fructose was taken...

Stimulation of Nitrobacter agilis by Biotin

Krulwich, Terry A., Funk, Helen B.

Krulwich, Terry A. (Goucher College, Baltimore, Md.), and Helen B. Funk. Stimulation of Nitrobacter agilis by biotin. J. Bacteriol. 90:729–733. 1965.—Addition of biotin to nitrite-mineral medium...

Requirement for a Functional Respiration-Coupled D-Fructose Transport System for Induction of Phosphoenolpyruvate: D-Fructose Phosphotransferase Activity

Wolfson, Ellen B., Krulwich, Terry A.

Previous studies have shown that Arthrobacter pyridinolis can transport D-fructose or L-rhamnose using either a phosphoenolpyruvate:hexose phosphotransferase (phosphoenolpyruvate:protein...

The voltage-gated Na+ channel NaVBP has a role in motility, chemotaxis, and pH homeostasis of an alkaliphilic Bacillus

Ito, Masahiro, Xu, Haoxing, Guffanti, Arthur A., Wei, Yi, Zvi, Lior, Clapham, David E., ...

The prokaryotic voltage-gated Na+ channel, NaChBac, is one of a growing channel superfamily of unknown function. Here we show that NaVBP, the NaChBac homologue encoded by ncbA in alkaliphilic...

The Mrp Na+/H+ Antiporter Increases the Activity of the Malate:Quinone Oxidoreductase of an Escherichia coli Respiratory Mutant

Swartz, Talia H., Ito, Masahiro, Hicks, David B., Nuqui, Mark, Guffanti, Arthur A., Krulwich, Terry A.

Mrp catalyzes secondary Na+/H+ antiport and was hypothesized to have an additional primary energization mode. Mrp-dependent complementation of nonfermentative growth of an Escherichia coli...

The Activity Profile of the NhaD-Type Na+(Li+)/H+ Antiporter from the Soda Lake Haloalkaliphile Alkalimonas amylolytica Is Adaptive for the Extreme Environment

Liu, Jun, Xue, Yanfen, Wang, Quanhui, Wei, Yi, Swartz, Talia H., Hicks, David B., ...

In extreme alkaliphiles, Na+/H+ antiporters play a central role in the Na+ cycle that supports pH homeostasis, Na+ resistance, solute uptake, and motility. Properties of individual antiporters have...

An Intergenic Stem-Loop Mutation in the Bacillus subtilis ccpA-motPS Operon Increases motPS Transcription and the MotPS Contribution to Motility†

Terahara, Naoya, Fujisawa, Makoto, Powers, Benjamin, Henkin, Tina M., Krulwich, Terry A., Ito, Masahiro

A stem-loop mutation between ccpA and motP in the Bacillus subtilis ccpA-motPS operon increased motPS transcription and membrane-associated MotPS levels, motility, and number of flagella/cell when...

Adaptive Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis Strains Deleted for tetL

Wei, Yi, Deikus, Gintaras, Powers, Benjamin, Shelden, Victor, Krulwich, Terry A., Bechhofer, David H.

The growth properties of a new panel of Bacillus subtilis tetL deletion strains and of a derivative set of strains in which tetL is restored to the chromosome support earlier indications that...

Catalytic Properties of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus Members of the Secondary Cation/Proton Antiporter-3 (Mrp) Family Are Revealed by an Optimized Assay in an Escherichia coli Host▿

Swartz, Talia H., Ito, Masahiro, Ohira, Takayuki, Natsui, Shinsuke, Hicks, David B., Krulwich, Terry A.

Monovalent cation proton antiporter-3 (Mrp) family antiporters are widely distributed and physiologically important in prokaryotes. Unlike other antiporters, they require six or seven hydrophobic...

Three two-component transporters with channel-like properties have monovalent cation/proton antiport activity

Fujisawa, Makoto, Ito, Masahiro, Krulwich, Terry A.

Properties of four two-component bacterial transport systems of the cation/proton antiporter-2 (CPA2) family led to suggestions that this CPA2 subset may use a channel rather than an antiport...

Single Gene Deletions of mrpA to mrpG and mrpE Point Mutations Affect Activity of the Mrp Na+/H+ Antiporter of Alkaliphilic Bacillus and Formation of Hetero-Oligomeric Mrp Complexes▿ †

Morino, Masato, Natsui, Shinsuke, Swartz, Talia H., Krulwich, Terry A., Ito, Masahiro

Mrp antiporters catalyze secondary Na+(Li+)/H+ antiport and/or K+/H+ antiport that is physiologically important in diverse bacteria. An additional capacity for anion flux has been observed for a few...

Mutations alter the sodium versus proton use of a Bacillus clausii flagellar motor and confer dual ion use on Bacillus subtilis motors

Terahara, Naoya, Krulwich, Terry A., Ito, Masahiro

Bacterial flagella contain membrane-embedded stators, Mot complexes, that harness the energy of either transmembrane proton or sodium ion gradients to power motility. Use of sodium ion gradients is...