Pohland, Albert E, Dowell, V. R, Richard J. L. (John L.)
"Proceedings of a Symposium on Cellular and Molecular Mode of Action of Selected Microbial Toxins in Foods and Feeds, held Octuber 31-November 2, 1988, in Chevy Chase, Maryland"
BOTULISM IN THE UNITED STATES, 1899-1969 (1971)
GANGAROSA, EUGENE J., DONADIO, JOSEPH A., ARMSTRONG, ROBERT W., MEYER, K. F., BRACHMAN, PHILIP S., DOWELL, V. R.
Gangarosa, EL J. (CDC, Atlanta, Ga. 30333), J. A. Donadio, R.W. Armstrong, K. F. Meyer, P. S. Brachman and V. R. Dowell. Botulism in the United States, 1899–1969. Amer J Epidem 93: 93–101,...
C-ring cleavage of flavonoids by human intestinal bacteria.
Winter, J, Moore, L H, Dowell, V R, Bokkenheuser, V D
Four hitherto undescribed Clostridium strains capable of cleaving the C ring of quercetin, kaempferol, and naringenin at C-3-C-4 were isolated from the fecal flora of humans. None of the strains...
Low-Temperature Irradiation of Beef and Methods for Evaluation of a Radappertization Process
Anellis, Abe, Shattuck, E., Rowley, D. B., Ross, E. W., Whaley, D. N., Dowell, V. R.
An inoculated, irradiated beef pack (1,240 cans) study was conducted for the determination of microbiological safety for unrestricted human consumption. Each can contained a mixture of 106 spores of...
Ciccarelli, A S, Whaley, D N, McCroskey, L M, Gimenez, D F, Dowell, V R, Hatheway, C L
Strain 89 of Clostridium botulinum type G, isolated by Gimenez and Ciccarelli in 1969, was characterized culturally, biochemically, and toxigenically. It was motile, hemolytic asaccharolytic, weakly...
Use of ethanol for selective isolation of sporeforming microorganisms.
Koransky, J R, Allen, S D, Dowell, V R
When mixed cultures containing sporeforming bacteria were treated with heat or with ethanol, the latter consistently resulted in better recovery of Clostridium and Bacillus species. Both techniques...
Cultural Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Propionibacteria
Moss, C. Wayne, Dowell, V. R., Farshtchi, D., Raines, L. J., Cherry, W. B.
The cultural characteristics and cellular fatty acid composition of 40 strains representing 7 species of Propionibacterium and of 9 cultures of anaerobic corynebacteria were studied. The cultures...
Van Dyke, T E, Dowell, V R, Offenbacher, S, Snyder, W, Hersh, T
A total of 20 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) were evaluated with regard to the role of infectious agents and host response. Patients were...
Use of modified norleucine-tyrosine broth in identification of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.
Turgeon, D K, Bartley, S L, Dowell, V R
Gas-liquid chromatography was employed to analyze the volatile and nonvolatile acids produced in modified norleucine-tyrosine (MNT) broth by various gram-positive cocci. The MNT broth consists of...
Selective medium for the isolation of Bacteroides gingivalis.
Hunt, D E, Jones, J V, Dowell, V R
Bacteroides gingivalis has been implicated in various forms of periodontal disease and may be responsible for other diseases in humans. The role of B. gingivalis in disease has been difficult to...
Identification of toxigenic Clostridium difficile by the polymerase chain reaction.
Kato, N, Ou, C Y, Kato, H, Bartley, S L, Brown, V K, Dowell, V R, ...
Toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile are causative agents of pseudomembranous colitis and antimicrobial agent-associated diarrhea and colitis. The toxigenicity is routinely assayed by using...
Three reagents for detecting indole, Kovac, Ehrlich, and p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMCA), were evaluated with commercial microtest systems for characterizing and identifying anaerobic bacteria....
Gelatin agar medium for detecting gelatinase production by anaerobic bacteria.
Whaley, D N, Dowell, V R, Wanderlinder, L M, Lombard, G L
A new medium, Lombard-Dowell gelatin agar, was developed for detecting gelatinase activity by anaerobic bacteria. The medium contained: Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems), 5.0 g; yeast extract...
Practical procedure for demonstrating bacterial flagella.
Kodaka, H, Armfield, A Y, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
We developed a simple, rapid method for demonstrating bacterial flagella with Ryu staining solution that gave satisfactory results for numerous motile and nonmotile bacteria. Two major advantages of...
Kodaka, H, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
A gas-liquid chromatography technique which allows simultaneous detection of hippuric acid (N-benzoylglycine) hydrolysis and conversion of fumaric acid to succinic acid by microorganisms uses a new...
Lombard, G L, Whaley, D N, Dowell, V R
Using a variety of sporeforming and nonsporeforming anaerobic bacteria, we compared 10 differential agar media of the Anaerobe-Tek (A/T) system recently marketed by Flow Laboratories, Inc. (McLean,...
Nunez-Montiel, O L, Thompson, F S, Dowell, V R
A new medium, norleucine-tyrosine (NT) broth, was developed for rapid identification of Clostridium difficile on the basis of caproic acid and p-cresol production. The NT broth consists of 0.5%...
Serological study of trichloroacetic acid extracts of Bacteroides fragilis.
Abshire, R L, Dowell, V R, Lombard, G L
Immunodiffusion techniques were used on trichloroacetic acid extracts from 10 strains of Bacteroides fragilis in detecting precipitating antibodies against this species in immune rabbit sera. Species...
Isolates Clostridium botulinum from foodborne and infant botulism cases in the United States were compared on the basis of toxigenicity, cultural and biochemical characteristics, metabolic products,...
Selective medium for isolation of Clostridium botulinum from human feces.
Dezfulian, M, McCroskey, L M, Hatheway, C L, Dowell, V R
A selective medium, Clostridium botulinum isolation (CBI) agar, was developed for the isolation of C. botulinum from human feces. This medium contains cycloserine (250 microgram/ml), sulfamethoxazole...
Atypical toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum type B associated with infant botulism.
Hatheway, C L, McCroskey, L M, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
An atypical toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum (strain 657) was isolated from the feces of a 6-week-old female infant whose symptoms and clinical history were consistent with infant botulism....
Stargel, D, Thompson, F S, Phillips, S E, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
The Minitek Miniaturized System (BBL) was modified for characterization of anaerobic bacteria. The modified system and the conventional Center for Disease Control method were used to test a variety...
Fluorescent-antibody studies on selected strains of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis.
Abshire, R L, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
Antisera against seven strains of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis were produced from dense suspensions of whole cells. These sera exhibited high agglutination titers with homologous...
Evaluation of Port-A-Cul transport system for protection of anaerobic bacteria.
Mena, E, Thompson, F S, Armfield, A Y, Dowell, V R, Reinhardt, D J
The protection of anaerobes in Port-A-Cul (PAC) transport system (Bioquest, Div. of Becton, Dickinson &Co., Cockeysville, Md.) tubes and vials was studied. Ten species of obligately anaerobic...
Immunochemical evidence for multiple serotypes of Bacteroides fragilis.
Cherniak, R, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
An immunochemical comparison of outer membrane antigens obtained from five select and biochemically defined strains indicated that there are several serotypes of Bacteroides fragilis. Each strain was...
Cultural Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Corynebacterium acnes
Moss, C. Wayne, Dowell, V. R., Lewis, V. J., Schekter, M. A.
A detailed study of the cultural characteristics and cellular fatty acid composition of 27 isolates of Corynebacterium acnes was performed to establish the properties by which this organism may be...
Susceptibility of Clostridium botulinum to thirteen antimicrobial agents.
Swenson, J M, Thornsberry, C, McCroskey, L M, Hatheway, C L, Dowell, V R
A total of 224 strains of Clostridium botulinum (including isolates from 14 patients with infant botulism and 4 with wound botulism) and 15 strains of C. sporogenes were tested by agar dilution for...
Differentiation Between Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium bifermentans by Gas Chromatography
Brooks, J. B., Moss, C. W., Dowell, V. R.
Clostridium bifermentans can be differentiated from Clostridium sordellii by gas chromatography on the basis of amines detected after growth for 6 hr in cookedmeat medium. Products detected after...
Starr, S. E., Killgore, G. E., Dowell, V. R.
Schaedler agar (SA) and Trypticase soy-yeast extract agar (TSYEA), both supplemented with rabbit blood (5%, v/v) and menadione (0.5 mg/liter), were compared with respect to quantitative recovery,...
Stalons, Don R., Thornsberry, Clyde, Dowell, V. R.
Representative strains of anaerobic bacteria from human infections were used to evaluate broth media, gas mixtures, and inocula for use in developing a procedure for performing minimal inhibitory...
Micromethod System for Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria
Starr, S. E., Thompson, F. S., Dowell, V. R., Balows, A.
A micromethod multitest system prepared by Analytab Products, Inc. and conventional tests employed at the Center for Disease Control for identification of anaerobes were compared. All procedures were...
Susceptibility of Clostridium ramosum to Antimicrobial Agents
Tally, Francis P., Armfield, Ann Y., Dowell, V. R., Kwok, Yung-Yuan, Sutter, Vera L., Finegold, Sydney M.
The susceptibility of 49 strains of Clostridium ramosum to 10 antibiotics was determined by agar dilution and disk diffusion tests. Results showed that, among the anaerobes, C. ramosum is second only...
C-ring cleavage of flavonoids by human intestinal bacteria.
Winter, J, Moore, L H, Dowell, V R, Bokkenheuser, V D
Four hitherto undescribed Clostridium strains capable of cleaving the C ring of quercetin, kaempferol, and naringenin at C-3-C-4 were isolated from the fecal flora of humans. None of the strains...
Low-Temperature Irradiation of Beef and Methods for Evaluation of a Radappertization Process
Anellis, Abe, Shattuck, E., Rowley, D. B., Ross, E. W., Whaley, D. N., Dowell, V. R.
An inoculated, irradiated beef pack (1,240 cans) study was conducted for the determination of microbiological safety for unrestricted human consumption. Each can contained a mixture of 106 spores of...
Ciccarelli, A S, Whaley, D N, McCroskey, L M, Gimenez, D F, Dowell, V R, Hatheway, C L
Strain 89 of Clostridium botulinum type G, isolated by Gimenez and Ciccarelli in 1969, was characterized culturally, biochemically, and toxigenically. It was motile, hemolytic asaccharolytic, weakly...
Use of ethanol for selective isolation of sporeforming microorganisms.
Koransky, J R, Allen, S D, Dowell, V R
When mixed cultures containing sporeforming bacteria were treated with heat or with ethanol, the latter consistently resulted in better recovery of Clostridium and Bacillus species. Both techniques...
Cultural Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Propionibacteria
Moss, C. Wayne, Dowell, V. R., Farshtchi, D., Raines, L. J., Cherry, W. B.
The cultural characteristics and cellular fatty acid composition of 40 strains representing 7 species of Propionibacterium and of 9 cultures of anaerobic corynebacteria were studied. The cultures...
Van Dyke, T E, Dowell, V R, Offenbacher, S, Snyder, W, Hersh, T
A total of 20 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) were evaluated with regard to the role of infectious agents and host response. Patients were...
Use of modified norleucine-tyrosine broth in identification of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.
Turgeon, D K, Bartley, S L, Dowell, V R
Gas-liquid chromatography was employed to analyze the volatile and nonvolatile acids produced in modified norleucine-tyrosine (MNT) broth by various gram-positive cocci. The MNT broth consists of...
Selective medium for the isolation of Bacteroides gingivalis.
Hunt, D E, Jones, J V, Dowell, V R
Bacteroides gingivalis has been implicated in various forms of periodontal disease and may be responsible for other diseases in humans. The role of B. gingivalis in disease has been difficult to...
Identification of toxigenic Clostridium difficile by the polymerase chain reaction.
Kato, N, Ou, C Y, Kato, H, Bartley, S L, Brown, V K, Dowell, V R, ...
Toxigenic strains of Clostridium difficile are causative agents of pseudomembranous colitis and antimicrobial agent-associated diarrhea and colitis. The toxigenicity is routinely assayed by using...
Three reagents for detecting indole, Kovac, Ehrlich, and p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMCA), were evaluated with commercial microtest systems for characterizing and identifying anaerobic bacteria....
Gelatin agar medium for detecting gelatinase production by anaerobic bacteria.
Whaley, D N, Dowell, V R, Wanderlinder, L M, Lombard, G L
A new medium, Lombard-Dowell gelatin agar, was developed for detecting gelatinase activity by anaerobic bacteria. The medium contained: Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems), 5.0 g; yeast extract...
Practical procedure for demonstrating bacterial flagella.
Kodaka, H, Armfield, A Y, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
We developed a simple, rapid method for demonstrating bacterial flagella with Ryu staining solution that gave satisfactory results for numerous motile and nonmotile bacteria. Two major advantages of...
Kodaka, H, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
A gas-liquid chromatography technique which allows simultaneous detection of hippuric acid (N-benzoylglycine) hydrolysis and conversion of fumaric acid to succinic acid by microorganisms uses a new...
Lombard, G L, Whaley, D N, Dowell, V R
Using a variety of sporeforming and nonsporeforming anaerobic bacteria, we compared 10 differential agar media of the Anaerobe-Tek (A/T) system recently marketed by Flow Laboratories, Inc. (McLean,...
Nunez-Montiel, O L, Thompson, F S, Dowell, V R
A new medium, norleucine-tyrosine (NT) broth, was developed for rapid identification of Clostridium difficile on the basis of caproic acid and p-cresol production. The NT broth consists of 0.5%...
Serological study of trichloroacetic acid extracts of Bacteroides fragilis.
Abshire, R L, Dowell, V R, Lombard, G L
Immunodiffusion techniques were used on trichloroacetic acid extracts from 10 strains of Bacteroides fragilis in detecting precipitating antibodies against this species in immune rabbit sera. Species...
Isolates Clostridium botulinum from foodborne and infant botulism cases in the United States were compared on the basis of toxigenicity, cultural and biochemical characteristics, metabolic products,...
Selective medium for isolation of Clostridium botulinum from human feces.
Dezfulian, M, McCroskey, L M, Hatheway, C L, Dowell, V R
A selective medium, Clostridium botulinum isolation (CBI) agar, was developed for the isolation of C. botulinum from human feces. This medium contains cycloserine (250 microgram/ml), sulfamethoxazole...
Atypical toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum type B associated with infant botulism.
Hatheway, C L, McCroskey, L M, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
An atypical toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum (strain 657) was isolated from the feces of a 6-week-old female infant whose symptoms and clinical history were consistent with infant botulism....
Stargel, D, Thompson, F S, Phillips, S E, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
The Minitek Miniaturized System (BBL) was modified for characterization of anaerobic bacteria. The modified system and the conventional Center for Disease Control method were used to test a variety...
Fluorescent-antibody studies on selected strains of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis.
Abshire, R L, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
Antisera against seven strains of Bacteroides fragilis subspecies fragilis were produced from dense suspensions of whole cells. These sera exhibited high agglutination titers with homologous...
Evaluation of Port-A-Cul transport system for protection of anaerobic bacteria.
Mena, E, Thompson, F S, Armfield, A Y, Dowell, V R, Reinhardt, D J
The protection of anaerobes in Port-A-Cul (PAC) transport system (Bioquest, Div. of Becton, Dickinson &Co., Cockeysville, Md.) tubes and vials was studied. Ten species of obligately anaerobic...
Immunochemical evidence for multiple serotypes of Bacteroides fragilis.
Cherniak, R, Lombard, G L, Dowell, V R
An immunochemical comparison of outer membrane antigens obtained from five select and biochemically defined strains indicated that there are several serotypes of Bacteroides fragilis. Each strain was...
Cultural Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Corynebacterium acnes
Moss, C. Wayne, Dowell, V. R., Lewis, V. J., Schekter, M. A.
A detailed study of the cultural characteristics and cellular fatty acid composition of 27 isolates of Corynebacterium acnes was performed to establish the properties by which this organism may be...
Susceptibility of Clostridium botulinum to thirteen antimicrobial agents.
Swenson, J M, Thornsberry, C, McCroskey, L M, Hatheway, C L, Dowell, V R
A total of 224 strains of Clostridium botulinum (including isolates from 14 patients with infant botulism and 4 with wound botulism) and 15 strains of C. sporogenes were tested by agar dilution for...
Differentiation Between Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium bifermentans by Gas Chromatography
Brooks, J. B., Moss, C. W., Dowell, V. R.
Clostridium bifermentans can be differentiated from Clostridium sordellii by gas chromatography on the basis of amines detected after growth for 6 hr in cookedmeat medium. Products detected after...
Starr, S. E., Killgore, G. E., Dowell, V. R.
Schaedler agar (SA) and Trypticase soy-yeast extract agar (TSYEA), both supplemented with rabbit blood (5%, v/v) and menadione (0.5 mg/liter), were compared with respect to quantitative recovery,...
Stalons, Don R., Thornsberry, Clyde, Dowell, V. R.
Representative strains of anaerobic bacteria from human infections were used to evaluate broth media, gas mixtures, and inocula for use in developing a procedure for performing minimal inhibitory...
Micromethod System for Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria
Starr, S. E., Thompson, F. S., Dowell, V. R., Balows, A.
A micromethod multitest system prepared by Analytab Products, Inc. and conventional tests employed at the Center for Disease Control for identification of anaerobes were compared. All procedures were...
Susceptibility of Clostridium ramosum to Antimicrobial Agents
Tally, Francis P., Armfield, Ann Y., Dowell, V. R., Kwok, Yung-Yuan, Sutter, Vera L., Finegold, Sydney M.
The susceptibility of 49 strains of Clostridium ramosum to 10 antibiotics was determined by agar dilution and disk diffusion tests. Results showed that, among the anaerobes, C. ramosum is second only...
Barrett, D. H., Eisenberg, M. S., Bender, T. R., Burks, J. M., Hatheway, C. L., Dowell, V. R.
Botulism outbreaks shown to be due to type A and type B toxin occurred in Alaska, a region previously known for only type E botulism. The outbreak due to type A toxin involved three people, two of...