Bedrohung durch radiologischen/nuklearen Terror - Lehren aus Unfällen (2008)
According to information by different, also governmental organizations a terrorist attack with radioactive respectively nuclear material is within the realms of possibility. Since terrorists aim to...
Detection of concealed radioactive and nuclear materials in situ (2008)
The worldwide terrorist threat of using nuclear respectively radioactive material in conjunction with explosives is increasing significantly. For prevention of such an act systems and methods are...
Systeme zur schnellen Identifizierung von nuklearem Material vor Ort (2007)
Köble, T., Rosenstock, W., Risse, M., Berky, W., Pavlova, P.
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Risse, M., Berky, W.
In case of a terrorist threat to release nuclear or radioactive material methods are needed for fast search and, after detection, identification of the substance. For the search we have a car at our...
Metzger, S., Köble, T., Risse, M., Rosenstock, W., Richter, B.
Safeguards equipment, in particular, electronic systems designated for unattended operation, has to be designed and approved for failure-free operation under different environmental conditions, e.g....
Metzger, S., Köble, T., Risse, M., Rosenstock, W., Richter, B.
Safeguards equipment, in particular, electronic systems designated for unattended operation, has to be designed and approved for failure-free operation under different environmental conditions, e.g....
Identification of nuclear material with different gamma spectroscopic devices (2007)
Risse, M., Berky, W., Köble, T., Rosenstock, W.
In the context of nuclear terrorism it is essential to be able to perform fast measurements in the field at the place where a suspicious object was found. Especially in the case of a suspicion that...
Detection and identification of radioactive sources covert under water (2006)
Risse, M., Berky, W., Köble, T., Rosenstock, W.
Conventional measuring equipment for radioactive material is predominantly constructed for stationary application in a laboratory. There are only a few systems for use in the field. In the context of...
Fuss, G., Köble, T., Metzger, S., Risse, M., Rosenstock, W.
This report is part of a project for Dr. Neumann Consultants DNC entitled "Revision of IAEA-Euratom Nuclear Radiation Test Criteria and Procedures". A procedure was developed to perform...
Emerging verification technologies (2006)
Non-intrusive verification procedures by measuring nuclear radiation in situ are discussed. Radiation measurements are decisive to prove compliance with nuclear arms control and non-proliferation in...
Transportables Messsystem zur Detektion und Identifizierung von nuklearem Material (2006)
Das Fraunhofer-Institut für Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Trendanalysen (INT) hat ein transportables Messsystem zum zerstörungsfreien und berührungslosen Nachweis von radioaktiven Stoffen,...
Transportable monitoring unit for detection and identification of nuclear material (2006)
The Fraunhofer-Institut für Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Trendanalysen (INT) has developed a prototype of a transportable monitoring unit for non-destructive and non-contact analysis of...
First experience with a HPGe telescope detector (2005)
Risse, M., Köble, T., Rosenstock, W., Engelen-Peter, J.
For detection and identification of nuclear material we equipped a transportable container with neutron and gamma measurement systems. The container itself provides the necessary infrastructure,...
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Plutonium und MOX-Brennelementen (2005)
Pohl, C., Hafner, P., Rosenstock, W., Schulze, J.
Das vorliegende Papier ist eine ausgearbeitete Version der Beantwortung einer Anfrage bezüglich der Waffentauglichkeit von Reaktorplutonium und dem Zusammenhang zu MOX-Brennelementen im Hinblick auf...
First experience with a HPGe telescope detector (2005)
Risse, M., Köble, T., Rosenstock, W., Engelen-Peter, J.
For detection and identification of nuclear material we equipped a transportable container with neutron and gamma measurement systems. The container itself provides the necessary infrastructure,...
Techniques for locating and identifying nuclear and radioactive material (2005)
Köble, T., Risse, M., Rosenstock, W.
Reliable measurement techniques are imperative for early detection of illicit use of nuclear and radioactive material. Nuclear safeguards are an important tool to impede the illicit use of...
Locating nuclear material by gamma scanning (2004)
Köble, T., Rosenstock, W., Risse, M., Engelen-Peter, J.
For detection and identification of nuclear material we equipped a transportable container with neutron and gamma measurement systems. The container itself provides the necessary infrastructure,...
Assessment of the testing of the radiation tolerance of the EOSS seal (2004)
Richter, B., Goldfarb, M., Neumann, G., Rosenstock, W.
The Electronic Optical Seal System EOSS was developed in the frame of the German Support Programme to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with participation of the Euratom Safeguards...
Köble, T., Metzger, S., Risse, M., Rosenstock, W.
Radiation test criteria adopted by the IAEA and Euratom for safeguards equipment were evaluated with respect to reliability and safety in nuclear radiation environments. The proposed set of test...
Richter, B., Rosenstock, W., Neumann, G., Goldfarb, M.
The Electronic Optical Seal System EOSS was developed in the frame of the German Support Programme to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with participation of the Euratom Safeguards...
Neue kleine Kernwaffen, saubere Waffen? (2004)
In den USA werden Studien zu kleinen Nuklearwaffen wieder aufgenommen, die einen begrenzten Einsatz ermöglichen sollen. Eine neue Generation von Kernwaffen soll unter anderem in Präventivkriegen...
Detection of nuclear material during fast road transport (2003)
Köble, T., Rosenstock, W., Risse, M., Engelen-Peter, J.
For the search and detection of nuclear material during road transport we equipped a conventional car with a radiation measurement system. For the detection of neutron radiation we use six high...
Measurement techniques to combat nuclear terrorism (2003)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Risse, M.
To combat illicit use of nuclear and radioactive material and to take preventive action reliable measurement techniques are imperative for early detection of this material. Nuclear safeguards are an...
Vertragliche Verpflichtungen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im nuklearen Bereich (2002)
Hafner, P., Rosenstock, W., Rohde, J.
Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland hat sich im nuklearen Bereich zahlreiche einschränkende gesetzliche Verpflichtungen auferlegt. Dies gilt insbesondere im Bereich der nuklearen Waffen, wo die...
Searching plutonium from a travelling vehicle by neutron measurements (2002)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Hilger, P., Engelen-Peter, J.
For search and detection of concealed nuclear material a conventional car has been equipped with a sensitive radiation measurement system. The results are displayed live on a handheld PC in the front...
Beiträge des INT zum Wehrtechnischen Symposium "Atomarer Schutz" (2002)
Hafner, P., Metzger, S., Rosenstock, W.
Vom 22.03. bis 24.03.2000 fand bei der Bundesakademie für Wehrverwaltung und Wehrtechnik in Mannheim (BAkWVT) das Wehrtechnische Symposium "Atomarer Schutz" statt. Im vorliegenden Bericht...
A comparison of different neutron spectroscopy systems at the reactor facility VENUS (2002)
Vanhavere, F., Vermeersch, F., Chartier, J.L., Itie, C., Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., ...
The VENUS facility is a zero-power research reactor mainly devoted to studies on LWR fuels. Localised high-neutron rates were found around the reactor, with a neutron/gamma dose equivalent rate ratio...
Reliability design features of the IAEA DCM14 unit (2001)
The weakness of most Safeguardsystem is described in comparison to video data authentication and encryption devices (VDAE). The vulnerability assessment of the DCM 14 based on VDAE indicated poor...
Technische Dokumentation des mobilen Meßsystems NaNu (2001)
Köble, T., Bell, M., Rosenstock, W., Engelen, J.
Die gesamten technischen Funktionen des mobilen Meßsystems NaNu für nukleare Messungen vor Ort werden dargestellt. Durch die explizite Beschreibung einzelner Systeme und der Schritte zum Einbau und...
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Metzger, S., Lennartz, W., Henschel, H., Schoop, K., ...
Neutrons may produce charged particles, which can affect modern electronic components. Depending on their energy, the recoils may generate sufficient electrical charges to change the logic state of a...
Searching plutonium from a travelling vehicle by neutron measurements (2001)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Hilger, P., Engelen-Peter, J.
For search and detection of concealed nuclear material a conventional car has been equipped with a sensitive radiation measurement system. The results are displayed live on a handheld PC in the front...
Detektion radioaktiver Stoffe und Nuklearverifikation vor Ort (2001)
Aspekte der nuklearen Abrüstung werden anhand der Wege zu einer Kernwaffe diskutiert. Eng verbunden damit sind die Fragen der physikalisch-technischen Möglichkeiten einer nuklearen Verifikation. In...
Ein mobiles System zur Nuklearverifikation vor Ort: Abstract (2001)
Für eine glaubwürdige nukleare Abrüstung müssen zuverlässige und allgemein anerkannte Meßverfahren zum Nachweis von Nuklearwaffen verfügbar sein. Ferner sind Verfahren zum Nachweis und zur...
Physikalisch-technische Möglichkeiten zum Vor-Ort-Nachweis von Spaltmaterialien (2001)
Das transportable Meßsystem NaNu (Nachweissystem für Nuklearmaterial) wird in seiner Funktionsweise beschrieben. Mit diesem Meßsystem werden radioaktive Stoffe, insbesondere Spaltmaterial,...
Neutron irradiation test of a DCM 14 C Version 2.9. Final results: 31st of October, 2000 (2000)
Arlt, R., Henschel, H., Köble, T., Lennartz, W., Metzger, S., Rosenstock, W., ...
Since 1997 the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Euratom Safeguards Office (ESO) have fielded Digital Image Surveillance (DIS) systems based on the DCM 14 technology. Recently problems...
Characterization of neutron detectors in high gamma-ray environments (2000)
Hilger, P., Köble, T., Richter, B., Rosenstock, W., Tanaka, J.
In pursuing its Safeguards obligations the IAEA measures fission neutrons in high gamma-radiation fields of spent fuel. In order to characterize IAEA-owned detectors the response of two neutron...
Zerstörungsfreie Detektion und Identifizierung von Nuklearmaterial vor Ort (2000)
Physikalisch technische Methoden zum zerstörungsfreien Nachweis von Spaltmaterial vor Ort wurden untersucht. Ausgangspunkt waren die Möglichkeiten zur Verifizierung von Kernwaffen im Rahmen...
Nuklearmaterial: Zerstörungsfreier Nachweis vor Ort und Proliferationsrisiko (2000)
Im Fraunhofer-INT wurde ein transportables Meßsystem zur Detektion und zerstörungsfreien Identifizierung von nuklearem Material und anderen radioaktiven Stoffen entwickelt. Dieses System und seine...
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Hilger, P., Richter, B., Tanaka, J.
For safeguards measurements IAEA employs different detectors in high radiation environments. Therefore the sensitivity of silicon detectors was measured in a wide range of gamma dose rates....
Measurement of delayed neutrons after induced fission of special nuclear material (1999)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Kruzinski, G., Kobus, H.
Nondestructive measuring capabilities for the in situ detection and analysis of nuclear material are considered as possible measures to discover illicit trafficking of nuclear material and to...
Measurement of delayed neutrons after induced fission of special nuclear material (1999)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Kruzinski, G., Kobus, H.
Nondestructive measuring capabilities for the in situ detection and analysis of nuclear material are considered as possible measures to discover illicit trafficking of nuclear material and to...
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Thesing, P., Hilger, P., Richter, B., Tanaka, J.
Within the scope of the IAEA-Support-Project "Characterization of IAEA Radiation Detectors" the response of two He-3 neutron detectors with high neutron counting efficiency and low gamma...
Hilger, P., Köble, T., Rosenstock, W.
Nondestructive measuring capabilities were investigated for the in situ detection and analysis of special nuclear material, which is surrounded by additional shielding thus impeding direct detection....
Olaerts, R., Kockerols, P., Renard, A., Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Vanhavere, F.
As a result of the introduction of the ICRP 60 recommendations and the increasing contribution of the neutron dose to the total dose of the personnel at the Belgonucleaire Mox fuel fabrication plant,...
Die International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) veranstaltete vom 29.06. bis 03.07.1998 in Wien die "Internationale Konferenz über die radiologische Situation auf den Atollen Mururoa und...
Characterization of unknown objects containing radioactive materials (1998)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Durek, D.
Fraunhofer INT is going to equip a transportable container with a system for the detection, identification and characterization of radioactive material inside objects with unknown content. This...
A transportable system for radioactivity measurements in situ (1998)
Fraunhofer-INT is going to equip a transportable container (modified communication shelter) with a detection and identification system for radioactive materials. This electromagneticallyshielded...
Die International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) veranstaltete vom 29.06. bis 03.07.1998 in Wien die "Internationale Konferenz über die radiologische Situation auf den Atollen Mururoa und...
A short summary report is presented of the International Conference on the Safety of Radiation Sources and the Security of Radioactive Materials hold in September 1998 in Dijon, France. Shortages are...
Characterization of unknown objects containing radioactive materials (1998)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Durek, D.
Fraunhofer INT is going to equip a transportable container with a system for the detection, identification and characterization of radioactive material inside objects with unknown content. This...
Measurement of delayed neutrons after induced fission of special nuclear material (1997)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Kruzinski, G., Kobus, H.
Nondestructive measuring capabilities for the in situ detection and analysis of nuclear material are considered as possible measures to discover illicit trafficking of nuclear material and to...
Detection of shielded or hidden nuclear material (1997)
INT is going to equip a transportable container with a detection and identification system for nuclear materials. This container will be equipped with nuclear instrumentation for passive and active...
Rosenstock, W., Tüchsen, A., Köble, T., Kruzinski, G., Jeske, M., Herzig, A., ...
Zur Verifikation von A-Waffen wird im INT das transportable Meßsystem NaNu (Nachweissystem für Nuklearwaffen), das land- und luftverlastbar ist, aufgebaut. Das Meßsystem wird in eine auch bei der...
Measurement of delayed neutrons after induced fission of special nuclear material (1997)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Kruzinski, G., Kobus, H.
Nondestructive measuring capabilities for the in situ detection and analysis of nuclear material are considered as possible measures to discover illicit trafficking of nuclear material and to...
Estimation of uranium isotope ratio by interrogation with a sealed tube neutron generator (1997)
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Thesing, P., Kruzinski, G.
Uranium inside containers or surrounded by shielding material does not emit sufficient radiation to determine the isotope ratio passively or even to get an estimate on the existence or quantity of...
Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Kruzinski, G., Jaunich, G.
For calibration purposes measurements were performed with the neutron spectrometer system ROSPEC (gas proportional counters) and SSS (plastic scintillation detector) at ISO energies from 144 keV to...
Viskose Gele eignen sich als Trägersubstanz feinster Tröpfchen einer überhitzten Flüssigkeit. Durch Neutronenstrahlung werden in einigen Tröpfchen sichtbare Blasen gebildet, deren Anzahl der...
Das Neutronenspektrometersystem ROSPEC und SSS-Kalibrierung bei der PTB (1996)
Kruzinski, G., Köble, T., Rosenstock, W.
Das Neutronenspektrometersystem ROSPEC (Gasproportionalzähler) und SSS (Plastikszintillationsdetektor) wurde im kalibrierten Neutronenstrahl der PTB (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt) in...
Jaunich, G., Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Schange, T.
Eine noch junge Methode zum Nachweis von Neutronen und zu ihrer Dosimetrie stellen die Blasendetektoren dar, die nach dem Prinzip der Blasenkammer funktionieren, jedoch den großen Vorteil der...
Rosenstock, W., Schulze, J., Tüchsen, A., Köble, T., Kruzinski, G., Jaunich, G., ...
Im INT wurden Untersuchungen zur "Nuklearen Verifikation" durchgeführt. Es stellte sich heraus, daß mit Hilfe der Kernstrahlung aus dem nuklearen Sprengstoff ein Nachweis und unter...
Verifikation von Kernwaffen mit Hilfe aktiver Neutronenmessungen (1995)
The physical and technical means are discussed for the detection and identification of nuclear weapons. Especially active detection methods (neutron irradiation) give clear results. It is nearly...
Jaunich, G., Rosenstock, W., Schulze, J., Schange, T.
Im Gegensatz zur Strahlung geladener Teilchen sind Neutronen nicht direkt ionisierend und können daher mit den für ionisierende Strahlung üblichen Verfahren nicht nachgewiesen werden. Eine noch...
Der Nachweis von nuklearen Sprengköpfen (1995)
Für die Überprüfung von Abrüstungsmaßnahmen sowie zum Nachweis von kernwaffenfähigem Spaltmaterial in Behältern, die aus Sicherheitsgründen nicht geöffnet werden können, kommen nur...
Estimation of neutron energy spectra with bubble detectors. Potential and limitations (1995)
Rosenstock, W., Schulze, J., Köble, T., Kruzinski, G., Thesing, P., Jaunich, G., ...
The capabilities of neutron bubble detectors to give limited energy information have been investigated with neutrons from 252Cf and D-T sources. The Bubble Detector Spectrometer (BDS) with six...
Kernphysikalische Methoden zur Entdeckung und Identifikation von Kernwaffen (1994)
Für die Überprüfung von nuklearen Abrüstungsmaßnahmen kommen nur zerstörungsfreie Techniken in Frage. Daher werden zunächst diese zerstörungsfreien Techniken zum Nachweis ungezündeter...
Detektion von Spaltmaterial hinter Abschirmungen (1994)
Schulze, J., Rosenstock, W., Köble, T., Tüchsen, A.
Die Detektion von Spaltmaterial hinter Abschirmungen beliebiger Art verdient ein besonderes Interesse in einer Zeit, in der zu befürchten ist, daß die Gefahr horizontaler Proliferation von...
Spüren und Identifikation von Nuklearwaffen (1994)
Für die Überprüfung von nuklearen Abrüstungsmaßnahmen sowie zur Detektion von kernwaffenfähigem Spaltmaterial kommen nur zerstörungsfreie Techniken in Frage. Daher werden zunächst diese...
Neutron spectroscopy with bubble detectors - potential and limitations (1994)
Rosenstock, W., Schulze, J., Köble, T., Jaunich, G.
Bubble detectors have proved to be valuable devices for quick and sensitive neutron dosimetry. Now there are bubble detectors available with different thresholds ranging from 10 keV to 10 MeV...
Prinzipielle Möglichkeiten des Nachweises nuklearer Gefechtsköpfe (1992)
An overview is given on the nondestructive techniques for the detection of nuclear weapons. The investigation in passive and active methods shows that especially the radioactive radiation of the...
Measurements of fast neutrons by bubble detectors (1992)
The properties of neutron bubble detectors (type BD-100 R) have been investigated with fast neutrons from D-T and Am-Be sources. The experimentally determined responses of the bubble detectors have...
Neutronenblasendetektoren-Zählrohre - Vergleichende Messungen mit schnellen Neutronen (1991)
The properties of neutron bubble detectors of the type BD-100 R with four different sensitivities were investigated with neutrons from radioactive sources as well as 14 MeV generators (DT-reaction)...
For measuring low intensities of neutrons the properties of neutron bubble detectors (BD-100R) have been investigated. The experimentally determined sensitivity of the bubble detectors have shown...
Neutronenflußmessung mit Aktivierungsfolien und Spaltkammern (1988)
Bengel, H.G., Lennartz, W., Rosenstock, A., Rosenstock, W., Schulze, J.
Zur Bestimmung des Neutronenflusses am INT-Neutronengenerator wurden Spaltkammern und Aktivierungsfolien zu einer Meßmethode kombiniert, die die Nachteile der einzelnen Meßverfahren nicht mehr...
High resolution position sensitive neutron detection (1987)
Schmidt, H.U., Rosenstock, W., Schulze, J.
The fast neutron flux from a 14 MeV neutron generator has been measured time-, position- and energy-dependent. In this paper we report especially on a method for determination of the spatial flux...
Die Neutronenfluenz des 14 MeV-Neutronengenerators wird mit Aktivierungsfolien und Spaltkammern bestimmt. Dabei dienen die U-238-Spaltkammern zur Beobachtung der zeitlichen Schwankungen des...