A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward (2009)
M. Romanski, J. E. Ledoux, J. Neurosci, J. L. Armony, J. D. Cohen, ...
The capacity to predict future events permits a creature to detect, model, and manipulate the causal structure of its interactions with its environment. Behavioral experiments suggest that learning...
A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward (2008)
M. Romanski, J. E. Ledoux, J. Neurosci, J. L. Armony, J. D. Cohen, ...
The capacity to predict future events permits a creature to detect, model, and manipulate the causal structure of its interactions with its environment. Behavioral experiments suggest that learning...
Explicit neural signals reflecting reward uncertainty (2008)
Schultz, Wolfram, Preuschoff, Kerstin, Camerer, Colin, Hsu, Ming, Fiorillo, Christopher D., Tobler, Philippe N., ...
The acknowledged importance of uncertainty in economic decision making has stimulated the search for neural signals that could influence learning and inform decision mechanisms. Current views...
BmOR5, and BmOR6, respectively). Adaptive Coding of Reward Value by Dopamine Neurons (2008)
T. Nakagawa, K. Touhara, Unpublished Data, R. A. Steinbrecht, M. Laue, G. Ziegelberger, ...
and members of the Touhara lab for helpful discussion.
A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward (2008)
M. Romanski, J. E. Ledoux, J. Neurosci, J. L. Armony, J. D. Cohen, ...
The capacity to predict future events permits a creature to detect, model, and manipulate the causal structure of its interactions with its environment. Behavioral experiments suggest that learning...
Neuronal Distortions of Reward Probability without Choice (2008)
Tobler, Phillippe N., Christopoulos, George I., O'Doherty, John P., Dolan, Raymond J., Schultz, Wolfram
Reward probability crucially determines the value of outcomes. A basic phenomenon, defying explanation by traditional decision theories, is that people often overweigh small and underweigh large...
Explicit neural signals reflecting reward uncertainty (2008)
Schultz, Wolfram, Preuschoff, Kerstin, Camerer, Colin, Hsu, Ming, Fiorillo, Christopher D., Tobler, Phillippe N., ...
The acknowledged importance of uncertainty in economic decision making has stimulated the search for neural signals that could influence learning and inform decision mechanisms. Current views...
Hare, Todd A., O'Doherty, John P., Camerer, Colin F., Schultz, Wolfram, Rangel, Antonio
To make sound economic decisions, the brain needs to compute several different value-related signals. These include goal values that measure the predicted reward that results from the outcome...
Herding and Social Pressure in Trading Tasks: A Behavioural Analysis (2007)
Baddeley, Michelle, Pillas, Demetris, Christopoulos, Yorgos, Schultz, Wolfram, Tobler, Phillipe
We extend the experimental literature on Bayesian herding using evidence from a financial decision-making experiment. We identify significant propensities to herd increasing with the degree of...
Dopamine responses comply with basic assumptions of formal learning theory (2006)
Waelti, Pascale, Dickinson, Anthony, Schultz, Wolfram
According to contemporary learning theories, the discrepancy, or error, between the actual and predicted reward determines whether learning occurs when a stimulus is paired with a reward. The role of...
Dopamine responses comply with basic assumptions of formal learning theory (2006)
Waelti, Pascale, Dickinson, Anthony, Schultz, Wolfram
According to contemporary learning theories, the discrepancy, or error, between the actual and predicted reward determines whether learning occurs when a stimulus is paired with a reward. The role of...
Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons (2006)
Fiorillo, Christopher D., Tobler, Philippe N, Schultz, Wolfram
Uncertainty is critical in the measure of information and in assessing the accuracy of predictions. It is determined by probability P, being maximal at P = 0.5 and decreasing at higher and lower...
Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons (2006)
Fiorillo, Christopher D., Tobler, Philippe N, Schultz, Wolfram
Uncertainty is critical in the measure of information and in assessing the accuracy of predictions. It is determined by probability P, being maximal at P = 0.5 and decreasing at higher and lower...
Adaptive coding of reward value by dopamine neurons (2006)
Tobler, Philippe N., Fiorillo, Christopher D., Schultz, Wolfram
It is important for animals to estimate the value of rewards as accurately as possible. Because the number of potential reward values is very large, it is necessary that the brain's limited resources...
Adaptive coding of reward value by dopamine neurons (2006)
Tobler, Philippe N., Fiorillo, Christopher D., Schultz, Wolfram
It is important for animals to estimate the value of rewards as accurately as possible. Because the number of potential reward values is very large, it is necessary that the brain's limited resources...
Relative reward processing in primate striatum (2005)
Cromwell, Howard C., Hassani, Oum K., Schultz, Wolfram
Rewards are often not only valued according to their physical characteristics but also relative to other available rewards. The striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum including nucleus...
Relative reward processing in primate striatum (2005)
Cromwell, Howard C., Hassani, Oum K., Schultz, Wolfram
Rewards are often not only valued according to their physical characteristics but also relative to other available rewards. The striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum including nucleus...
Fiorillo, Christopher D, Tobler, Philippe N, Schultz, Wolfram
No abstract available.
Coding of predicted reward omission by dopamine neurons in a conditioned inhibition paradigm (2003)
Anthony Dickinson, Wolfram Schultz
Animals learn not only about stimuli that predict reward but also about those that signal the omission of an expected reward. We used a conditioned inhibition paradigm derived from animal learning...
Reward Processing in Primate Orbitofrontal Cortex and Basal Ganglia (2000)
Schultz, Wolfram, Tremblay, Léon, Hollerman, Jeffrey R.
This article reviews and interprets neuronal activities related to the expectation and delivery of reward in the primate orbitofrontal cortex, in comparison with slowly discharging neurons in the...
Internal Model Reproduces Anticipatory Neural Activity (1999)
Roland Suri And, E. Suri, Wolfram Schultz
biological neural networks suggests that chains of neurons with anticipatory activity underlie formation of novel associative chains. In conclusion, anticipatory activity seems to reflect the...
Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons (1998)
Schultz, Wolfram. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. is called rewards, which elicit and reinforce approach behav-J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1–27, 1998. The effects of lesions, receptor ior....
Roland E. Suri, Wolfram Schultz, R. E. Suri, W. Schultz
Dopamine neurons appear to code an error in the prediction of reward. They are activated by unpredicted rewards, are not influenced by predicted rewards, and are depressed when a predicted reward is...
Neural Correlates of Learning in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Monkey: A Predictive Model (1995)
Guigon, Emmanuel, Dorizzi, Bernadette, Burnod, Yves, Schultz, Wolfram
The principles underlying the organization and operation of the prefrontal cortex have been addressed by neural network modeling. The involvement of the prefrontal cortex in the temporal organization...
Some contributions of the cerebellum and the basal ganglia to the control of movements / (1981)
SA. aus verschiedenen Zeitschriften
Untersuchung von Entladungen in der Medulla oblongata bei Kehlkopfnervenreizung an Katzen. (1972)
Heidelberg, Univ., Med. Fak., Diss. 1972. (Nicht f. d. Austausch.).
Human Neural Learning Depends on Reward Prediction Errors in the Blocking Paradigm
Tobler, Philippe N., O’Doherty, John P., Dolan, Raymond J., Schultz, Wolfram
Learning occurs when an outcome deviates from expectation (prediction error). According to formal learning theory, the defining paradigm demonstrating the role of prediction errors in learning is the...
Reward Value Coding Distinct From Risk Attitude-Related Uncertainty Coding in Human Reward Systems
Tobler, Philippe N., O'Doherty, John P., Dolan, Raymond J., Schultz, Wolfram
When deciding between different options, individuals are guided by the expected (mean) value of the different outcomes and by the associated degrees of uncertainty. We used functional magnetic...
Short-Term Temporal Discounting of Reward Value in Human Ventral Striatum
Gregorios-Pippas, Lucy, Tobler, Philippe N., Schultz, Wolfram
Delayed rewards lose their value for economic decisions and constitute weaker reinforcers for learning. Temporal discounting of reward value already occurs within a few seconds in animals, which...
Explicit neural signals reflecting reward uncertainty
Schultz, Wolfram, Preuschoff, Kerstin, Camerer, Colin, Hsu, Ming, Fiorillo, Christopher D, Tobler, Philippe N, ...
The acknowledged importance of uncertainty in economic decision making has stimulated the search for neural signals that could influence learning and inform decision mechanisms. Current views...
Introduction. Neuroeconomics: the promise and the profit
Neuroeconomics investigates the neural mechanisms underlying decisions about rewarding or punishing outcomes (‘economic’ decisions). It combines the knowledge about the behavioural phenomena of...
Risk-dependent reward value signal in human prefrontal cortex
Tobler, Philippe N., Christopoulos, George I., O'Doherty, John P., Dolan, Raymond J., Schultz, Wolfram
When making choices under uncertainty, people usually consider both the expected value and risk of each option, and choose the one with the higher utility. Expected value increases the expected...