Y. Tang

Publication List Details

Period

1938 - 2009

Number

191

Co-Authors

© Author(s) 2006. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2009)

Y. Shinozuka, Y. Tang, R. J. Weber, Y. Wu

Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling

Assessing the regional impacts of Mexico City emissions on air quality and chemistry (2009)

M. Mena-Carrasco, G. R. Carmichael, J. E. Campbell, D. Zimmerman, Y. Tang, B. Adhikary, ...

The impact of Mexico City (MCMA) emissions is examined by studying its effects on air quality, photochemistry, and on ozone production regimes by combining model products and aircraft observations...

Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols and trace gases from Asia during the INTEX-B field campaign (2009)

B. Adhikary, G. R. Carmichael, S. Kulkarni, C. Wei, Y. Tang, A. Dallura, ...

The Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) developed at the University of Iowa is applied to the analysis of observations obtained during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport...

Construction of ECT-B-splines, a survey ∗ (2008)

Yuehong Tang B, G. W. Mühlbach, Y. Tang

s-dimensional generalized polynomials are linear combinations of functions forming an ECT-system on a compact interval with coefficients from R s. ECT-spline curves in R s are constructed by glueing...

Fundamental magnetic parameters from pure synthetic greigite (Fe3S4) (2008)

Chang, L., Roberts, A.P., Tang, Y., Chen, Q.W., Rainford, B.D., Muxworthy, A.R.

Pure ferrimagnetic greigite (Fe3S4) has been synthesized by reacting ferric chloride with thiourea and formic acid at 170°C. Sample purity was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and...

Assessing the regional impacts of Mexico City emissions on air quality and chemistry (2008)

M. Mena-Carrasco, G. R. Carmichael, J. E. Campbell, D. Zimmerman, Y. Tang, B. Adhikary, ...

The impact of Mexico City (MCMA) emissions is examined by studying its effects on air quality, photochemistry, and on ozone production regimes by combining model products and aircraft observations...

Coherent optical OFDM: theory and design (2008)

Shieh, W., Bao, H., Tang, Y.

Coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) has recently been proposed and the proof-of-concept transmission experiments have shown its extreme robustness against chromatic dispersion and polarization mode...

Magnetic characteristics of synthetic pseudo-single-domain and multi-domain greigite (Fe3S4) (2007)

Chang, L., Roberts, A.P., Muxworthy, A.R., Tang, Y., Chen, Q., Rowan, C.J., ...

We report the magnetic properties of pure synthetic pseudo-single-domain (PSD) and multi-domain (MD) greigite and the grain size dependence of the magnetic properties of greigite for the first time....

The Westerbork Northern Sky Survey (WENSS) (2007)

R. B. Rengelink, Y. Tang, G. K. Miley

. The Westerbork Northern Sky Survey (WENSS) is a low-frequency radio survey that will cover the whole sky north of ffi = 30 ffi at a wavelength of 92 cm to a limiting flux density of approximately...

On the Change Points of Mean Residual Life and Failure Rate for Some Extended Weibull Distributions (2007)

Y. Tang, M. Xie, T. N. Goh

The lifetime distribution of many complex systems exhibits bathtub-shaped failure rate (BFR). In this paper, we investigate the association between the mean residual life (MRL) and failure rate (FR)...

1 (2007)

T. C Agin, E. S. Yamaguchi, R. Frazier, A. Ho, Y. Tang

To understand antiwear phenomena in motor engines at the atomic level and provide evidence in selecting future ashless wear inhibitors, we studied the thermal stability of the self-assembled...

Systematic errors and susceptibility to noise of four methods for calculating anatomical dead space from the CO2 expirogram (2007)

Tang, Y., Turner, M. J., Baker, A. B.

Background Anatomical dead space is usually measured using the Fowler equal area method. Alternative methods include the Hatch, Cumming, and Bowes methods, in which first, second, and third order...

Upper limits on the solar-neutron flux at the Yangbajing neutron monitor from BATSE-detected solar flares (2007)

Tsuchiya, H., Miyasaka, H., Takahashi, E., Shimoda, S., Yamada, Y., Kondo, I., ...

The purpose of this work is to search the Yangbajing neutron monitor data obtained between 1998 October and 2000 June for solar neutrons associated with solar flares. Using the onset times of 166...

Comparing sensitivity analysis methods to advance lumped watershed model identification and evaluation (2007)

Y. Tang, P. Reed, T. Wagener, K. Van Werkhoven

This study seeks to identify sensitivity tools that will advance our understanding of lumped hydrologic models for the purposes of model improvement, calibration efficiency and improved measurement...

Comparing sensitivity analysis methods to advance lumped watershed model identification and evaluation (2007)

Tang, Y., Reed, P., Wagener, T., Van Werkhoven, K.

This study seeks to identify sensitivity tools that will advance our understanding of lumped hydrologic models for the purposes of model improvement, calibration efficiency and improved measurement...

Comparing sensitivity analysis methods to advance lumped watershed model identification and evaluation (2007)

Tang, Y., Reed, P., Wagener, T., Van Werkhoven, K.

This study seeks to identify sensitivity tools that will advance our understanding of lumped hydrologic models for the purposes of model improvement, calibration efficiency and improved measurement...

Sciences Discussions (2007)

P. Reed, Y. Tang, T. Wagener, Back Close

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Reply to J. Vrugt’s comment on “How effective...

Multi-objective Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis algorithm (MOSCEM-UA), and the Epsilon Dominance Nondominated (2007)

P. Reed, Y. Tang, T. Wagener

Reply to J. Vrugt’s comment on “How effective and efficient are multiobjective evolutionary algorithms at hydrologic model calibration?”

Effect of hypoxic preconditioning on brain genomic response before and following ischemia in the adult mouse: identification of potential neuroprotective candidates for stroke (2006)

Tang, Y., Pacary, E., Freret, T., Divoux, D., Petit, E., Schumann-Bard, P., ...

The aim of the present study is to better understand oxygen-sensitive adaptative pathways underlying the hypoxic preconditioning-induced protection of the brain against ischemia. Using...

Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling (2006)

T. S. Bates, T. L. Anderson, T. Baynard, T. Bond, O. Boucher, G. Carmichael, ...

The largest uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate change over the industrial era is that due to aerosols, a substantial fraction of which is the uncertainty associated with scattering and...

How effective and efficient are multiobjective evolutionary algorithms at hydrologic model calibration? (2006)

Y. Tang, P. Reed, T. Wagener

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) tools' relative effectiveness in calibrating hydrologic models. The relative...

How effective and efficient are multiobjective evolutionary algorithms at hydrologic model calibration? (2006)

Tang, Y., Reed, P., Wagener, T.

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) tools' relative effectiveness in calibrating hydrologic models. The relative...

Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling (2006)

Bates, T. S., Anderson, T. L., Baynard, T., Bond, T., Boucher, O., Carmichael, G., ...

The largest uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate change over the industrial era is that due to aerosols, a substantial fraction of which is the uncertainty associated with scattering and...

Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling (2006)

Bates, T. S., Anderson, T. L., Baynard, T., Bond, T., Boucher, O., Carmichael, G., ...

The largest uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate change over the industrial era is that due to aerosols, a substantial fraction of which is the uncertainty associated with scattering and...

How effective and efficient are multiobjective evolutionary algorithms at hydrologic model calibration? (2006)

Tang, Y., Reed, P., Wagener, T.

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) tools' relative effectiveness in calibrating hydrologic models. The relative...

Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling (2006)

Bates, T. S., Anderson, T. L., Baynard, T., Bond, T., Boucher, O., Carmichael, G., ...

The largest uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate change over the industrial era is that due to aerosols, a substantial fraction of which is the uncertainty associated with scattering and...

Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling (2006)

Bates, T. S., Anderson, T. L., Baynard, T., Bond, T., Boucher, O., Carmichael, G., ...

The largest uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate change over the industrial era is that due to aerosols, a substantial fraction of which is the uncertainty associated with scattering and...

Sciences Discussions (2006)

Y. Tang, P. Reed, T. Wagener, K. Van Werkhoven

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Comparing sensitivity analysis methods to advance...

Dominance Nondominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm- II (ε-NSGAII), the Multiobjective Shuffled Complex Evolution (2006)

Y. Tang, P. Reed, T. Wagener

How effective and efficient are multiobjective evolutionary algorithms at hydrologic model calibration?

Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling (2006)

T. S. Bates, T. L. Anderson, T. Baynard, T. Bond, O. Boucher, G. Carmichael, ...

The largest uncertainty in the radiative forcing of climate change over the industrial era is that due to aerosols, a substantial fraction of which is the uncertainty associated with scattering and...

A genome-scale assessment of peripheral blood B-cell molecular homeostasis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

Szodoray, P., Alex, P., Frank, M. B., Turner, M., Turner, S., Knowlton, N., ...

Objective. While rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a prototypical autoimmune disease, the specific roles of B-cells in RA pathogenesis is not fully delineated. Methods. We performed microarray...

A genome-scale assessment of peripheral blood B-cell molecular homeostasis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

Szodoray, P., Alex, P., Frank, M. B., Turner, M., Turner, S., Knowlton, N., ...

Objective. While rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a prototypical autoimmune disease, the specific roles of B-cells in RA pathogenesis is not fully delineated. Methods. We performed microarray...

A genome-scale assessment of peripheral blood B-cell molecular homeostasis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

Szodoray, P., Alex, P., Frank, M. B., Turner, M., Turner, S., Knowlton, N., ...

Objective. While rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a prototypical autoimmune disease, the specific roles of B-cells in RA pathogenesis is not fully delineated. Methods. We performed microarray...

Molecular Characterization of the Capsid Gene of Two Serotypes of Turkey Astroviruses (2005)

Y. Tang, M. V. Murgia, Y. M. Saif

Astrovirus infections mainly cause acute gastroenteritis in children and young animals. Human astroviruses are well characterized antigenically and genetically. However, information on turkey...

Development of Antigen-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and RT-PCR for Detection of Turkey Astroviruses (2005)

Y. Tang, M. M. Ismail, Y. M. Saif

Turkey astrovirus (TAstV) is an important agent of poult enteritis. The diagnosis of astroviruses has been dependent mainly on electron microscopy (EM) or immune EM (IEM). To develop other simple,...

Isolation and Characterization of H3N2 Influenza A Virus from Turkeys (2005)

Y. Tang, C. W. Lee, Y. Zhang, D. A. Senne, R. Dearth, B. Byrum, ...

Five 34-wk-old turkey breeder layer flocks in separate houses of 2550 birds each in a single farm in Ohio experienced a drop in egg production from late January to early February 2004. Tracheal swabs...

How effective and efficient are multiobjective evolutionary algorithms at hydrologic model calibration? (2005)

Tang, Y., Reed, P., Wagener, T.

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) tools' relative effectiveness in calibrating hydrologic models. The relative...

How effective and efficient are multiobjective evolutionary algorithms at hydrologic model calibration? (2005)

Tang, Y., Reed, P., Wagener, T.

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) tools' relative effectiveness in calibrating hydrologic models. The relative...

Effective (2005)

Y. Tang, P. Reed, T. Wagener, Back Close

Papers published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions are under open-access review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences How effective and efficient are multiobjective...

How effective and efficient are multiobjective evolutionary algorithms at hydrologic model calibration? (2005)

Y. Tang, P. Reed, T. Wagener

This study provides a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art evolutionary multiobjective optimization (EMO) tools' relative effectiveness in calibrating hydrologic models. The relative...

Effects of alveolar dead-space, shunt and {Vdot}/{Qdot} distribution on respiratory dead-space measurements (2005)

Tang, Y., Turner, M. J., Baker, A. B.

Background. Respiratory dead-space is often increased in lung disease. This study evaluates the effects of increased alveolar dead-space (VDalv), pulmonary shunt, and abnormal ventilation perfusion...

Effects of alveolar dead-space, shunt and V/Q distribution on respiratory dead-space measurements (2005)

Tang, Y., Turner, M. J., Baker, A. B.

Background. Respiratory dead-space is often increased in lung disease. This study evaluates the effects of increased alveolar dead-space (Vdalv), pulmonary shunt, and abnormal ventilation perfusion...

Micro-layered-photolithography for Micro-Fabrication and Micro-Molding (2004)

Tang, Y., Loh, Han Tong, Fuh, J.-Y.-H., Lu, L., Wong, Yeow Sheong, Thian, S. C. H.

A novel process based on the principle of layered photolithography has been proposed and tested for making real three-dimensional micro-structures. An experimental setup was designed and built for...

Micro-layered-photolithography for Micro-Fabrication and Micro-Molding (2004)

Tang, Y., Loh, Han Tong, Fuh, J.-Y.-H., Lu, L., Wong, Yeow Sheong, Thian, S. C. H.

A novel process based on the principle of layered photolithography has been proposed and tested for making real three-dimensional micro-structures. An experimental setup was designed and built for...

Antigenicity of Two Turkey Astrovirus Isolates (2004)

Y. Tang, Y. M. Saif

Astroviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. These viruses cause gastroenteritis in humans and in a variety of animal species, including turkey poults. Only human astroviruses are...

Radiation Effects in Nanostructures: Comparison of Proton Irradiation Induced Changes on Quantum Dots and Quantum Wells (2004)

Leon, R., Swift, G., Magness, B., Taylor, W., Tang, Y., Wang, K., ...

Successful implementation of technology using self-forming semiconductor Quantum Dots (QDs) has already demonstrated that temperature independent Dirac-delta density of states can be exploited in low...

Accuracy Analysis and Improvement for Direct Laser Sintering (2003)

Tang, Y., Loh, Han Tong, Fuh, J.-Y.-H., Wong, Yeow Sheong, Lu, L., Ning, Y., ...

The accuracy issue of a rapid prototyping-direct laser sintering system is studied in this paper. The sources of errors are analyzed for their contribution to the final accuracy of built parts. The...

Accuracy Analysis and Improvement for Direct Laser Sintering (2003)

Tang, Y., Loh, Han Tong, Fuh, J.-Y.-H., Wong, Yeow Sheong, Lu, L., Ning, Y., ...

The accuracy issue of a rapid prototyping-direct laser sintering system is studied in this paper. The sources of errors are analyzed for their contribution to the final accuracy of built parts. The...

Pathogenicity of Turkey Coronavirus in Turkeys and Chickens (2003)

M. M. Ismail, Y. Tang, Y. M. Saif

We designed this study to compare the replication potential of turkey coronavirus (TCV) and its effect in chickens and turkeys and to study the effect of single and combined infection of turkey...

Segmentation of Dimensionally-Large Rapid Prototyping Objects (2003)

Tang, Y., Loh, Han Tong, Fuh, J.-Y.-H.

An algorithm was developed to enable efficient segmentation of dimensionally-large objects into smaller components that can be fabricated within the given Rapid Prototyping (RP) machine workspace....

Segmentation of Dimensionally-Large Rapid Prototyping Objects (2003)

Tang, Y., Loh, Han Tong, Fuh, J.-Y.-H.

An algorithm was developed to enable efficient segmentation of dimensionally-large objects into smaller components that can be fabricated within the given Rapid Prototyping (RP) machine workspace....

Bounds for Frequency Estimation of Packet Streams (2003)

E. Kranakis, P. Morin, Y. Tang

We consider the problem of approximating the frequency of frequently occurring elements in a stream of length n using only a memory of size m ≪ n. This models the process of gathering statistics on...

Bounds for Frequency Estimation of Packet Streams (2003)

E. Kranakis, P. Morin, Y. Tang

We consider the problem of approximating the frequency of frequently occurring elements in a stream of length n using only a memory of size m ≪ n. This models the process of gathering statistics on...

Bounds for Frequency Estimation of Packet Streams (2003)

P. Bose, E. Kranakis, P. Morin, Y. Tang

We consider the problem of approximating the frequency of frequently occurring elements in a stream of length n using only a memory of size n. This models the process of gathering statistics on...

Implementation and test of a TCSC ANN-based alpha th order inverse control system (2003)

Tang, Y., Chen, H., Wang, H. F., Aggarwal, R., Johns, A. T., Dai, X. Z., ...

This paper presents the laboratory implementation and test results of an advanced TCSC ANN-based alphath order inverse control system to enhance power system transient stability. Satisfactory...

A Sample of Ultra Steep Spectrum Sources Selected from the Westerbork In the Southern Hemisphere (WISH) survey (2002)

Röttgering, H. J. A., Bruyn, A. G. De, Tang, Y., Breuck, C De, Breugel, W.van

Submitted to: Astronomy Abstract: The 352 MHz Westerbork In the Southern Hemisphere (WISH) survey is the southern extension of the WENSS, covering 1.60 sr between -9 < DEC < -26 to a limiting flux...

Modeling transmission lines for travelling wave study (2001)

Tang, Y., Chen, H., Wang, H. F., Aggarwal, R., Johns, A. T., Dai, F., ...

To model a transmission line for the study of the travelling wave phenomena, this paper proposed a method to determine the number of equivalent Π sections in the transmission line model in...

Complexity and the Nervous System (1999)

J. W. Black, V. P. Gerskowitch, P. Leff, N. P. Shankley, L. Birnbaumer, T. L. Swartz, ...

, 650 (1995). 16. Protein structure query systems are available at www. pdb.bnl.gov/ and www.biosupplynet.com/cfdocs/ btk/btk.cfm; the genome projects are listed at www....

Application of the Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) Model to Dithiophosphate and Dithiocarbamate Engine Wear Inhibitors (1999)

Y. Zhou, S. Jiang, T. Cagin, E. S. Yamaguchi, R. Frazier, A. Ho, ...

In previous studies of dithiophosphate [DTP = S 2 P(OR) 2 ] wear inhibitors bound to an oxidized iron surface, we found that the cohesive energy of the self-assembled monolayers (SAM) for DTP...

Preclinical Evaluation of Gene Therapy for NF2 Lesions in Mouse Models Using Amplicon Vectors and Prodrug Activation (1998)

Breakefield, Xandra O., Ramesh, Vijaya, Kumar, S. M., Tang, Y., Giovannini, M.

Spontaneous schwannomas were detected in a transgenic murine model of NF2 by Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI). rumors were detected in the central and peripheral nervous system, in smooth muscles of...

MULTIPLEX SPECTROSCOPY OF JET-COOLED $NO_{2}$ (1998)

Tang, Y., Liang, B., Reid, S.A.

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Marquette University

TIME RESOLVED LASER INDUCED GRATING SPECTROSCOPY OF JET-COOLED $NO_{2}$ (1998)

Tang, Y., Reid, S.A.

$^{1}$ T.S. Rose, W.L. Wilson, G. Wackerle, and M.D. Fayer, J. Chem. Phys. 86, 5370 (1987). $^{2}$ E.F. McCormick, S.T. Pratt, P.M. Dehmer and J.L. Dehmer, Chem. Phys. Lett. 227, 656 (1994).

The Identification of Radial Structure Peaks of EXAFS Fourier Transform of NiO Dispersion Phase (1997)

Cai, X., Xie, Y., Ren, Z., Tang, Y., Tanaka, T.

A comparison of backscattering amplitudes and APCFT of XAFS of dispersed and crystalline NiO were used to identify radial structural peaks. The results show that there are coordination peaks in the...

The XAFS Phase Isolation and Characterization of Dispersion Phase Structure (1997)

Cai, X., Chai, X., Xie, Y., Ren, Z., Lin, C., Yang, L., ...

According to Lu Kunquan's XAFS formula for mixing phase system, it is impossible to get the true structure of this kind of system by usual data analysis. A method which combines Lu Kunquan's XAFS...

The Identification of Radial Structure Peaks of EXAFS Fourier Transform of NiO Dispersion Phase (1997)

Cai, X., Xie, Y., Ren, Z., Tang, Y., Tanaka, T.

A comparison of backscattering amplitudes and APCFT of XAFS of dispersed and crystalline NiO were used to identify radial structural peaks. The results show that there are coordination peaks in the...

The XAFS Phase Isolation and Characterization of Dispersion Phase Structure (1997)

Cai, X., Chai, X., Xie, Y., Ren, Z., Lin, C., Yang, L., ...

According to Lu Kunquan's XAFS formula for mixing phase system, it is impossible to get the true structure of this kind of system by usual data analysis. A method which combines Lu Kunquan's XAFS...

The Identification of Radial Structure Peaks of EXAFS Fourier Transform of NiO Dispersion Phase (1997)

Cai, X., Xie, Y., Ren, Z., Tang, Y., Tanaka, T.

A comparison of backscattering amplitudes and APCFT of XAFS of dispersed and crystalline NiO were used to identify radial structural peaks. The results show that there are coordination peaks in the...

The XAFS Phase Isolation and Characterization of Dispersion Phase Structure (1997)

Cai, X., Chai, X., Xie, Y., Ren, Z., Lin, C., Yang, L., ...

According to Lu Kunquan's XAFS formula for mixing phase system, it is impossible to get the true structure of this kind of system by usual data analysis. A method which combines Lu Kunquan's XAFS...

Optical characterisation of self-organised inGaAs/InP heterodots (1997)

Guasch, C., Ahopelto, Jouni, Lipsanen, Harri, Sopanen, Markku, Tang, Y., Sotomayor-Torres, C.

International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors 1996. Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No 155, 813 - 816

WN1626+5153: A Giant Radio Galaxy from the WENSS survey (1996)

Röttgering, H. J. A., Tang, Y., Bremer, M. A. R., De Bruyn, A. G., Miley, G. K., Rengelink, R. B., ...

An FRII radio source with an angular extension of 18.4 arcminutes has been discovered in the Westerbork Northern Sky Survey that is being carried out at 325 MHz. This source is identified with Mrk...

Upstream interactions at the lambda pRM promoter are sequence nonspecific and activate the promoter to a lesser extent than an introduced UP element of an rRNA promoter. (1996)

Tang, Y, Murakami, K, Ishihama, A, DeHaseth, P L

The rightward regulatory region of bacteriophage lambda contains two promoters, pRM and pR, which direct the synthesis of nonoverlapping divergent transcripts from start sites 82 bp apart. Each of...

WN1626+5153: A Giant Radio Galaxy from the WENSS survey (1996)

Y. Tang, R. B. Rengelink, G. K. Miley, M. N. Bremer

An FRII radio source with an angular extension of 18.4 arcminutes has been discovered in the Westerbork Northern Sky Survey that is being carried out at 325 MHz. This source is identified with Mrk...

Neutron Energy Response of a Modified Andersson-Braun REM Counter (1996)

Li, J., Tang, Y., Liu, S., Ban, S., Suzuki, T., Iijima, K., ...

The fluence response of three models of Andersson-Braun (A-B) rem counters in neutron radiation fields with different neutron energies has been investigated. In three monoenergetic neutron fields of...

Carrier confinement and fabrication effects in GaInAs-InP quantum wires and dots (1993)

Mac Leod, R., Sotomayor Torres, C., Tang, Y., Kohl, A.

We report a fabrication and luminescence study of GaInAs-InP single quantum wells down to lateral dimensions of 15nm. The changes in the energy position of the spectrum of wires and dots is explored...

Photoluminescence from Si/Si0.87Ge0.13 multiple quantum well wires (1993)

Tang, Y., Sotomayor Torres, C., Wilkinson, C., Smith, D.W., Whall, T., Parker, E.

This paper reports a low temperature photoluminescence study of the optical properties of a series of dry etched free standing strained layer Si/Si0.87Ge0.13 multiple quantum well wires with lateral...

Carrier confinement and fabrication effects in GaInAs-InP quantum wires and dots (1993)

Mac Leod, R., Sotomayor Torres, C., Tang, Y., Kohl, A.

We report a fabrication and luminescence study of GaInAs-InP single quantum wells down to lateral dimensions of 15nm. The changes in the energy position of the spectrum of wires and dots is explored...

Photoluminescence from Si/Si0.87Ge0.13 multiple quantum well wires (1993)

Tang, Y., Sotomayor Torres, C., Wilkinson, C., Smith, D.W., Whall, T., Parker, E.

This paper reports a low temperature photoluminescence study of the optical properties of a series of dry etched free standing strained layer Si/Si0.87Ge0.13 multiple quantum well wires with lateral...

Carrier confinement and fabrication effects in GaInAs-InP quantum wires and dots (1993)

Mac Leod, R., Sotomayor Torres, C., Tang, Y., Kohl, A.

We report a fabrication and luminescence study of GaInAs-InP single quantum wells down to lateral dimensions of 15nm. The changes in the energy position of the spectrum of wires and dots is explored...

Photoluminescence from Si/Si0.87Ge0.13 multiple quantum well wires (1993)

Tang, Y., Sotomayor Torres, C., Wilkinson, C., Smith, D.W., Whall, T., Parker, E.

This paper reports a low temperature photoluminescence study of the optical properties of a series of dry etched free standing strained layer Si/Si0.87Ge0.13 multiple quantum well wires with lateral...

Frequency encoding in excitable systems with applications to calcium oscillations.

Tang, Y, Othmer, H G

A number of excitable cell types respond to a constant hormonal stimulus with a periodic oscillation in intracellular calcium. The frequency of oscillation is often proportional to the hormonal...

In vivo catalysis of a metabolically essential reaction by an antibody.

Tang, Y, Hicks, J B, Hilvert, D

We have established a growth selection requirement for a catalytic antibody with modest chorismate mutase activity. Conversion of (-)-chorismate into prephenate is the key step in the biosynthesis of...

Differential Narrow Focusing of Immunodominant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in Infected African and Caucasoid Adults and Children

Goulder, Philip J. R., Brander, C., Annamalai, K., Mngqundaniso, N., Govender, U., Tang, Y., ...

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity plays a central role in control of viral replication and in determining outcome in cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Incorporation...

Comprehensive Screening Reveals Strong and Broadly Directed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8 Responses in Perinatally Infected Children

Feeney, M. E., Roosevelt, K. A., Tang, Y., Pfafferott, K. J., McIntosh, K., Burchett, S. K., ...

Advances in antiviral therapy have dramatically shifted the demographics of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the developed world, and a growing proportion of...

Upstream interactions at the lambda pRM promoter are sequence nonspecific and activate the promoter to a lesser extent than an introduced UP element of an rRNA promoter.

Tang, Y, Murakami, K, Ishihama, A, DeHaseth, P L

The rightward regulatory region of bacteriophage lambda contains two promoters, pRM and pR, which direct the synthesis of nonoverlapping divergent transcripts from start sites 82 bp apart. Each of...

Control of immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferation in mouse AIDS: studies of mice deficient in CD8+ T cells or perforin.

Tang, Y, Hügin, A W, Giese, N A, Gabriele, L, Chattopadhyay, S K, Fredrickson, T N, ...

CD8+ T cells were previously shown to be important in preventing lymphoproliferation and immunodeficiency following infection of murine AIDS (MAIDS)-resistant mice with the LP-BM5 mixture of murine...

Dot-immunogold filtration assay as a screening test for syphilis.

Huang, Q, Lan, X, Tong, T, Wu, X, Chen, M, Feng, X, ...

A dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) for the rapid detection of reaginic antibody in the serum of syphilitic patients was developed. The assay was simple, rapid, and reproducible. The test...

ATP-dependent release of glucocorticoid receptors from the nuclear matrix.

Tang, Y, DeFranco, D B

Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) have the capacity to shuttle between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, sharing that trait with other steroid receptors and unrelated nuclear proteins of diverse...

Kinase-deficient Pak1 mutants inhibit Ras transformation of Rat-1 fibroblasts.

Tang, Y, Chen, Z, Ambrose, D, Liu, J, Gibbs, J B, Chernoff, J, ...

Among the mechanisms by which the Ras oncogene induces cellular transformation, Ras activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or ERK) cascade and a related cascade leading to activation of...

In murine AIDS, B cells are early targets of defective virus and are required for efficient infection and expression of defective virus in T cells and macrophages.

Kim, W K, Tang, Y, Kenny, J J, Longo, D L, Morse, H C

Previous studies showed that B cells and CD4+ T cells are required for induction of a murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome, murine AIDS. Using B6 mice deficient in mature B cells as a...

A role for HDJ-2/HSDJ in correcting subnuclear trafficking, transactivation, and transrepression defects of a glucocorticoid receptor zinc finger mutant.

Tang, Y, Ramakrishnan, C, Thomas, J, DeFranco, D B

All steroid receptors possess a bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS) that localizes within the second zinc finger of their DNA-binding domain. Fine-structure mapping of the rat...

Purification and characterisation of the TnsB protein of Tn7: a transposition protein that binds to the ends of Tn7.

Tang, Y, Lichtenstein, C, Cotterill, S

Tn7, a large bacterial transposon encodes 5 proteins required for its transposition. We report a rapid and easy purification of one of these proteins, TnsB, from an overexpression strain. This...

Persistent Recognition of Autologous Virus by High-Avidity CD8 T Cells in Chronic, Progressive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Draenert, R., Verrill, C. L., Tang, Y., Allen, T. M., Wurcel, A. G., Boczanowski, M., ...

CD8 T-cell responses are thought to be crucial for control of viremia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but ultimately fail to control viremia in most infected persons. Studies in acute...

Immune Escape Precedes Breakthrough Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viremia and Broadening of the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response in an HLA-B27-Positive Long-Term-Nonprogressing Child

Feeney, M. E., Tang, Y., Roosevelt, K. A., Leslie, A. J., McIntosh, K., Karthas, N., ...

The emergence of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins has been anecdotally associated with progression to AIDS, but it has been...

Studies on crystal structures, active-centre geometry and depurinating mechanism of two ribosome-inactivating proteins.

Huang, Q, Liu, S, Tang, Y, Jin, S, Wang, Y

Two ribosome-inactivating proteins, trichosanthin and alpha-momorcharin, have been studied in the forms of complexes with ATP or formycin, by an X-ray-crystallographic method at 1.6-2.0 A (0.16-0.20...

Sensitive detection of human papillomavirus in cervical, head/neck, and schistosomiasis-associated bladder malignancies

Yang, H., Yang, K., Khafagi, A., Tang, Y., Carey, T. E., Opipari, A. W., ...

We assayed for the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA in serum and/or peripheral blood fraction (PBF) of individuals with cervical, head/neck, or bladder cancer due to schistosomiasis. Using...

Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of Escherichia coli aconitases (AcnA and AcnB).

Jordan, P A, Tang, Y, Bradbury, A J, Thomson, A J, Guest, J R

Escherichia coli contains two major aconitases (Acns), AcnA and AcnB. They are distantly related monomeric Fe-S proteins that contain different arrangements of four structural domains. On the basis...

Increased inwardly rectifying potassium currents in HEK-293 cells expressing murine transient receptor potential 4.

Zhang, Z, Tang, Y, Zhu, M X

Drosophila transient receptor potential (Trp) and its mammalian homologues are postulated to form capacitative Ca2+ entry or store-operated channels. Here we show that expression of murine Trp4 in...

Molecular cloning and characterization of chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1), a novel human cytokine with unique structure and potential chemotactic activity.

Han, W, Lou, Y, Tang, J, Zhang, Y, Chen, Y, Li, Y, ...

Cytokines are small proteins that have an essential role in the immune and inflammatory responses. The repertoire of cytokines is becoming diverse and expanding. Here we report the identification and...

Simplification and analysis of models of calcium dynamics based on IP3-sensitive calcium channel kinetics.

Tang, Y, Stephenson, J L, Othmer, H G

We study the models for calcium (Ca) dynamics developed in earlier studies, in each of which the key component is the kinetics of intracellular inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca channels....

A model of calcium dynamics in cardiac myocytes based on the kinetics of ryanodine-sensitive calcium channels.

Tang, Y, Othmer, H G

The ryanodine-sensitive calcium channels are pivotal to signal transduction and cell function in many cell types, including cardiac myocytes. In this paper a kinetic model is proposed for these...

Molecular dynamics simulations of the complex between human U1A protein and hairpin II of U1 small nuclear RNA and of free RNA in solution.

Tang, Y, Nilsson, L

RNA-protein interactions are essential to a wide range of biological processes. In this paper, a 0.6-ns molecular dynamics simulation of the sequence-specific interaction of human U1A protein with...

Effects of mobile buffers on facilitation: experimental and computational studies.

Tang, Y, Schlumpberger, T, Kim, T, Lueker, M, Zucker, R S

Facilitation is an important form of short-term plasticity that occurs in most synapses. At crayfish neuromuscular junctions, basal transmission and facilitation were significantly reduced after...

Hierarchical approach to predicting permeation in ion channels.

Mashl, R J, Tang, Y, Schnitzer, J, Jakobsson, E

A hierarchical computational strategy combining molecular modeling, electrostatics calculations, molecular dynamics, and Brownian dynamics simulations is developed and implemented to compute...

A stop-codon mutation in the human mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene disrupts the functional structure of complex IV.

Bruno, C, Martinuzzi, A, Tang, Y, Andreu, A L, Pallotti, F, Bonilla, E, ...

We have identified a novel stop-codon mutation in the mtDNA of a young woman with a multisystem mitochondrial disorder. Histochemical analysis of a muscle-biopsy sample showed virtually absent...

Economic deprivation and AIDS incidence in Massachusetts.

Zierler, S, Krieger, N, Tang, Y, Coady, W, Siegfried, E, DeMaria, A, ...

OBJECTIVES: This study quantified AIDS incidence in Massachusetts in relation to economic deprivation. METHODS: Using 1990 census block-group data, 1990 census population counts, and AIDS...

Neuron volume in the ventral horn in Wobbler mouse motoneuron disease: a light microscope stereological study

DOCKERY, P., TANG, Y., MORAIS, M., VACCA-GALLOWAY, L. L.

Previous pathological reports have indicated that swollen and vacuolated motoneuron cell bodies are the most predominant feature characterising Wobbler mouse motoneuron disease, but there has been...

Detection of Spontaneous Schwannomas by MRI in a Transgenic Murine Model of Neurofibromatosis Type 21

Messerli, SM, Tang, Y, Giovannini, M, Bronsonx, R, Weissleder, R, Breakefield, XO

Spontaneous schwannomas were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a transgenic murine model of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) expressing a dominant mutant form of merlin under the Schwann...

Frequency encoding in excitable systems with applications to calcium oscillations.

Tang, Y, Othmer, H G

A number of excitable cell types respond to a constant hormonal stimulus with a periodic oscillation in intracellular calcium. The frequency of oscillation is often proportional to the hormonal...

In vivo catalysis of a metabolically essential reaction by an antibody.

Tang, Y, Hicks, J B, Hilvert, D

We have established a growth selection requirement for a catalytic antibody with modest chorismate mutase activity. Conversion of (-)-chorismate into prephenate is the key step in the biosynthesis of...

Differential Narrow Focusing of Immunodominant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Gag-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses in Infected African and Caucasoid Adults and Children

Goulder, Philip J. R., Brander, C., Annamalai, K., Mngqundaniso, N., Govender, U., Tang, Y., ...

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity plays a central role in control of viral replication and in determining outcome in cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Incorporation...

Comprehensive Screening Reveals Strong and Broadly Directed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8 Responses in Perinatally Infected Children

Feeney, M. E., Roosevelt, K. A., Tang, Y., Pfafferott, K. J., McIntosh, K., Burchett, S. K., ...

Advances in antiviral therapy have dramatically shifted the demographics of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in the developed world, and a growing proportion of...

Upstream interactions at the lambda pRM promoter are sequence nonspecific and activate the promoter to a lesser extent than an introduced UP element of an rRNA promoter.

Tang, Y, Murakami, K, Ishihama, A, DeHaseth, P L

The rightward regulatory region of bacteriophage lambda contains two promoters, pRM and pR, which direct the synthesis of nonoverlapping divergent transcripts from start sites 82 bp apart. Each of...

Control of immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferation in mouse AIDS: studies of mice deficient in CD8+ T cells or perforin.

Tang, Y, Hügin, A W, Giese, N A, Gabriele, L, Chattopadhyay, S K, Fredrickson, T N, ...

CD8+ T cells were previously shown to be important in preventing lymphoproliferation and immunodeficiency following infection of murine AIDS (MAIDS)-resistant mice with the LP-BM5 mixture of murine...

Dot-immunogold filtration assay as a screening test for syphilis.

Huang, Q, Lan, X, Tong, T, Wu, X, Chen, M, Feng, X, ...

A dot-immunogold filtration assay (DIGFA) for the rapid detection of reaginic antibody in the serum of syphilitic patients was developed. The assay was simple, rapid, and reproducible. The test...

ATP-dependent release of glucocorticoid receptors from the nuclear matrix.

Tang, Y, DeFranco, D B

Glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) have the capacity to shuttle between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, sharing that trait with other steroid receptors and unrelated nuclear proteins of diverse...

Kinase-deficient Pak1 mutants inhibit Ras transformation of Rat-1 fibroblasts.

Tang, Y, Chen, Z, Ambrose, D, Liu, J, Gibbs, J B, Chernoff, J, ...

Among the mechanisms by which the Ras oncogene induces cellular transformation, Ras activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or ERK) cascade and a related cascade leading to activation of...

In murine AIDS, B cells are early targets of defective virus and are required for efficient infection and expression of defective virus in T cells and macrophages.

Kim, W K, Tang, Y, Kenny, J J, Longo, D L, Morse, H C

Previous studies showed that B cells and CD4+ T cells are required for induction of a murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome, murine AIDS. Using B6 mice deficient in mature B cells as a...

A role for HDJ-2/HSDJ in correcting subnuclear trafficking, transactivation, and transrepression defects of a glucocorticoid receptor zinc finger mutant.

Tang, Y, Ramakrishnan, C, Thomas, J, DeFranco, D B

All steroid receptors possess a bipartite nuclear localization signal sequence (NLS) that localizes within the second zinc finger of their DNA-binding domain. Fine-structure mapping of the rat...

Purification and characterisation of the TnsB protein of Tn7: a transposition protein that binds to the ends of Tn7.

Tang, Y, Lichtenstein, C, Cotterill, S

Tn7, a large bacterial transposon encodes 5 proteins required for its transposition. We report a rapid and easy purification of one of these proteins, TnsB, from an overexpression strain. This...

Persistent Recognition of Autologous Virus by High-Avidity CD8 T Cells in Chronic, Progressive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Draenert, R., Verrill, C. L., Tang, Y., Allen, T. M., Wurcel, A. G., Boczanowski, M., ...

CD8 T-cell responses are thought to be crucial for control of viremia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but ultimately fail to control viremia in most infected persons. Studies in acute...

Immune Escape Precedes Breakthrough Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Viremia and Broadening of the Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response in an HLA-B27-Positive Long-Term-Nonprogressing Child

Feeney, M. E., Tang, Y., Roosevelt, K. A., Leslie, A. J., McIntosh, K., Karthas, N., ...

The emergence of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proteins has been anecdotally associated with progression to AIDS, but it has been...

Studies on crystal structures, active-centre geometry and depurinating mechanism of two ribosome-inactivating proteins.

Huang, Q, Liu, S, Tang, Y, Jin, S, Wang, Y

Two ribosome-inactivating proteins, trichosanthin and alpha-momorcharin, have been studied in the forms of complexes with ATP or formycin, by an X-ray-crystallographic method at 1.6-2.0 A (0.16-0.20...

Sensitive detection of human papillomavirus in cervical, head/neck, and schistosomiasis-associated bladder malignancies

Yang, H., Yang, K., Khafagi, A., Tang, Y., Carey, T. E., Opipari, A. W., ...

We assayed for the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA in serum and/or peripheral blood fraction (PBF) of individuals with cervical, head/neck, or bladder cancer due to schistosomiasis. Using...

Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of Escherichia coli aconitases (AcnA and AcnB).

Jordan, P A, Tang, Y, Bradbury, A J, Thomson, A J, Guest, J R

Escherichia coli contains two major aconitases (Acns), AcnA and AcnB. They are distantly related monomeric Fe-S proteins that contain different arrangements of four structural domains. On the basis...

Increased inwardly rectifying potassium currents in HEK-293 cells expressing murine transient receptor potential 4.

Zhang, Z, Tang, Y, Zhu, M X

Drosophila transient receptor potential (Trp) and its mammalian homologues are postulated to form capacitative Ca2+ entry or store-operated channels. Here we show that expression of murine Trp4 in...

Molecular cloning and characterization of chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1), a novel human cytokine with unique structure and potential chemotactic activity.

Han, W, Lou, Y, Tang, J, Zhang, Y, Chen, Y, Li, Y, ...

Cytokines are small proteins that have an essential role in the immune and inflammatory responses. The repertoire of cytokines is becoming diverse and expanding. Here we report the identification and...

Simplification and analysis of models of calcium dynamics based on IP3-sensitive calcium channel kinetics.

Tang, Y, Stephenson, J L, Othmer, H G

We study the models for calcium (Ca) dynamics developed in earlier studies, in each of which the key component is the kinetics of intracellular inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca channels....

A model of calcium dynamics in cardiac myocytes based on the kinetics of ryanodine-sensitive calcium channels.

Tang, Y, Othmer, H G

The ryanodine-sensitive calcium channels are pivotal to signal transduction and cell function in many cell types, including cardiac myocytes. In this paper a kinetic model is proposed for these...

Molecular dynamics simulations of the complex between human U1A protein and hairpin II of U1 small nuclear RNA and of free RNA in solution.

Tang, Y, Nilsson, L

RNA-protein interactions are essential to a wide range of biological processes. In this paper, a 0.6-ns molecular dynamics simulation of the sequence-specific interaction of human U1A protein with...

Effects of mobile buffers on facilitation: experimental and computational studies.

Tang, Y, Schlumpberger, T, Kim, T, Lueker, M, Zucker, R S

Facilitation is an important form of short-term plasticity that occurs in most synapses. At crayfish neuromuscular junctions, basal transmission and facilitation were significantly reduced after...

Hierarchical approach to predicting permeation in ion channels.

Mashl, R J, Tang, Y, Schnitzer, J, Jakobsson, E

A hierarchical computational strategy combining molecular modeling, electrostatics calculations, molecular dynamics, and Brownian dynamics simulations is developed and implemented to compute...

A stop-codon mutation in the human mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene disrupts the functional structure of complex IV.

Bruno, C, Martinuzzi, A, Tang, Y, Andreu, A L, Pallotti, F, Bonilla, E, ...

We have identified a novel stop-codon mutation in the mtDNA of a young woman with a multisystem mitochondrial disorder. Histochemical analysis of a muscle-biopsy sample showed virtually absent...

Economic deprivation and AIDS incidence in Massachusetts.

Zierler, S, Krieger, N, Tang, Y, Coady, W, Siegfried, E, DeMaria, A, ...

OBJECTIVES: This study quantified AIDS incidence in Massachusetts in relation to economic deprivation. METHODS: Using 1990 census block-group data, 1990 census population counts, and AIDS...

Neuron volume in the ventral horn in Wobbler mouse motoneuron disease: a light microscope stereological study

DOCKERY, P., TANG, Y., MORAIS, M., VACCA-GALLOWAY, L. L.

Previous pathological reports have indicated that swollen and vacuolated motoneuron cell bodies are the most predominant feature characterising Wobbler mouse motoneuron disease, but there has been...

Detection of Spontaneous Schwannomas by MRI in a Transgenic Murine Model of Neurofibromatosis Type 21

Messerli, SM, Tang, Y, Giovannini, M, Bronsonx, R, Weissleder, R, Breakefield, XO

Spontaneous schwannomas were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a transgenic murine model of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) expressing a dominant mutant form of merlin under the Schwann...

Rapid nitric oxide- and prostaglandin-dependent release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) triggered by endotoxin in rat mesenteric arterial bed.

Wang, X., Wu, Z., Tang, Y., Fiscus, R. R., Han, C.

1. Our objective was to determine whether endotoxin (ETX) could directly trigger the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from perivascular sensory nerves in the isolated mesenteric...

Role of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in the potentiating effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 release from mouse peritoneal macrophages

Tang, Y, Han, C, Wang, X

Previous data from our laboratory have shown that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has a potentiating effect on lipopolysaccharide-(LPS) induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) release from mouse...

Short-term Hourly Traffic Forecasts using Hong Kong Annual Traffic Census

William Lam, Y. Tang, K. Chan, Mei-Lam Tam

The need for acquiring the current-year traffic data is a problem for transport planners since such data may not be available for on-going transport studies. A method is proposed in this paper to...

LASER DICING OF SILICON WAFER

Y. TANG, H. T. LOH, Y. S. WONG, Y. K. LIM

The effect of various laser processing parameters on the kerf width and cut quality of Si wafer as well as encapsulated Si wafer is investigated. The parameters are then optimized to minimize the...