Yoshinori Ohsumi

Structure of Atg5.Atg16, a complex essential for autophagy. (2007)

Matsushita, Minako, Suzuki, Nobuo N., Obara, Keisuke, Fujioka, Yuko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Inagaki, Fuyuhiko

Atg5 is covalently modified with a ubiquitin-like modifier, Atg12, and the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate further forms a complex with the multimeric protein Atg16. The Atg12-Atg5·Atg16 multimeric complex...

Structure of Atg5.Atg16, a complex essential for autophagy. (2007)

Matsushita, Minako, Suzuki, Nobuo N., Obara, Keisuke, Fujioka, Yuko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Inagaki, Fuyuhiko

Atg5 is covalently modified with a ubiquitin-like modifier, Atg12, and the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate further forms a complex with the multimeric protein Atg16. The Atg12-Atg5·Atg16 multimeric complex...

AtATG genes, homologs of yeast autophagy genes, are involved in constitutive autophagy in Arabidopsis root tip cells (2006)

Inoue, Yuko, Suzuki, Takao, Hattori, Masaki, Yoshimoto, Kohki, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Moriyasu, Yuji

In Arabidopsis root tips cultured in medium containing sufficient nutrients and the membrane-permeable protease inhibitor E-64d, parts of the cytoplasm accumulated in the vacuoles of the cells from...

AtATG Genes, Homologs of Yeast Autophagy Genes, are Involved in Constitutive Autophagy in Arabidopsis Root Tip Cells (2006)

Inoue, Yuko, Suzuki, Takao, Hattori, Masaki, Yoshimoto, Kohki, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Moriyasu, Yuji

In Arabidopsis root tips cultured in medium containing sufficient nutrients and the membrane-permeable protease inhibitor E-64d, parts of the cytoplasm accumulated in the vacuoles of the cells from...

The First Molecular Evidence That Autophagy Relates Rimmed Vacuole Formation in Chloroquine Myopathy (2002)

Suzuki, Takashi, Nakagawa, Masahiro, Yoshikawa, Ayumu, Sasagawa, Noboru, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

Chloroquine myopathy is a drug poisoning disease involving rimmed vacuole formation. By Western blot analysis, we investigated posttranslational modification of LC3 in cultured cells with a high...

Apg13p and Vac8p Are Part of a Complex of Phosphoproteins That Are Required for Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting (2000)

Scott, Sidney V., Nice III, Daniel C., Nau, Johnathan J., Weisman, Lois S., Kamada, Yoshiaki, Keizer-Gunnink, Ineke, ...

We have been studying protein components that function in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway and the overlapping process of macroautophagy. The Vac8 and Apg13 proteins are required for...

Acidification of Vacuoles Is Required for Autophagic Degradation in the Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

Nakamura, Norihiro, Matsuura, Akira, Wada, Yoh, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Acidification inside vacuoles has been shown to play a key role in a number of physiologically important cellular events. We studied the role of vacuolar membrane H+-ATPase in the autophagic process...

Vacuolar Function in the Phosphate Homeostasis of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

Shirahama, Kanae, Yazaki, Yoshiaki, Sakano, Katsuhiro, Wada, Yoh, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

We studied physiological roles of the yeast vacuole in the phosphate metabolism using 31P-in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Under phosphate starvation wild-type yeast cells...

Archaebacterial ATPases: Relationship to Other Ion-Translocating ATPase Families Examined in Terms of Immunological Cross-Reactivity (1990)

Konishi, Jin, Denda, Kimitoshi, Oshima, Tairo, Wakagi, Takayoshi, Uchida, Etsuko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

Immunological cross-reactivity among three types of H+-ATPases, that is, three archaebacterial ATPases, the F1-ATPase from thermophilic bacterium PS3 (TF1 and the vacuolar membrane ATPase from...

The Mouse SKD1, a Homologue of Yeast Vps4p, Is Required for Normal Endosomal Trafficking and Morphology in Mammalian Cells

Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yamagata, Fumi, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Mizushima, Noboru, Kabeya, Yukiko, Nara, Atsuki, ...

The mouse SKD1 is an AAA-type ATPase homologous to the yeast Vps4p implicated in transport from endosomes to the vacuole. To elucidate a possible role of SKD1 in mammalian endocytosis, we generated a...

Apg5p Functions in the Sequestration Step in the Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting and Macroautophagy Pathways

George, Michael D., Baba, Misuzu, Scott, Sidney V., Mizushima, Noboru, Garrison, Brian S., Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

The cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway and macroautophagy are dynamic events involving the rearrangement of membrane to form a sequestering vesicle in the cytosol, which subsequently...

Apg7p/Cvt2p: A Novel Protein-activating Enzyme Essential for Autophagy

Tanida, Isei, Mizushima, Noboru, Kiyooka, Miho, Ohsumi, Mariko, Ueno, Takashi, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Apg12p–Apg5p conjugating system is essential for autophagy. Apg7p is required for the conjugation reaction, because Apg12p is unable to form a conjugate...

Autophagosome Requires Specific Early Sec Proteins for Its Formation and NSF/SNARE for Vacuolar Fusion

Ishihara, Naotada, Hamasaki, Maho, Yokota, Sadaki, Suzuki, Kuninori, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kihara, Akio, ...

Double membrane structure, autophagosome, is formed de novo in the process of autophagy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and many Apg proteins participate in this process. To further understand...

The pre-autophagosomal structure organized by concerted functions of APG genes is essential for autophagosome formation

Suzuki, Kuninori, Kirisako, Takayoshi, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Mizushima, Noboru, Noda, Takeshi, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, 15 Apg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. Several key reactions performed by these...

Leaf Senescence and Starvation-Induced Chlorosis Are Accelerated by the Disruption of an Arabidopsis Autophagy Gene1

Hanaoka, Hideki, Noda, Takeshi, Shirano, Yumiko, Kato, Tomohiko, Hayashi, Hiroaki, Shibata, Daisuke, ...

Autophagy is an intracellular process for vacuolar bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components. The molecular machinery responsible for yeast and mammalian autophagy has recently begun to be...

Inhibitory Effect of Diphtheria Toxin on Amino Acid Incorporation in Escherichia coli Cell-Free System

Tsugawa, Akiko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

The mechanism of action of diphtheria toxin in an Escherichia coli cell-free protein-synthesizing system was examined. When the washed ribosomes were incubated with toxin before addition of messenger...

Promotion of tumorigenesis by heterozygous disruption of the beclin 1 autophagy gene

Qu, Xueping, Yu, Jie, Bhagat, Govind, Furuya, Norihiko, Hibshoosh, Hanina, Troxel, Andrea, ...

Malignant cells often display defects in autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved pathway for degrading long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. However, as yet, there is no genetic evidence for...

LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing

Kabeya, Yukiko, Mizushima, Noboru, Ueno, Takashi, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Kirisako, Takayoshi, Noda, Takeshi, ...

Little is known about the protein constituents of autophagosome membranes in mammalian cells. Here we demonstrate that the rat microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a homologue of...

Modification of a Ubiquitin-like Protein Paz2 Conducted Micropexophagy through Formation of a Novel Membrane Structure

Mukaiyama, Hiroyuki, Baba, Misuzu, Osumi, Masako, Aoyagi, Satoshi, Kato, Nobuo, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

Microautophagy is a versatile process in which vacuolar or lysosomal membranes directly sequester cytosolic targets for degradation. Recent genetic evidence suggested that microautophagy uses...

In Vivo Analysis of Autophagy in Response to Nutrient Starvation Using Transgenic Mice Expressing a Fluorescent Autophagosome Marker

Mizushima, Noboru, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Matsui, Makoto, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Macroautophagy mediates the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components. It accounts for the degradation of most long-lived proteins: cytoplasmic constituents, including organelles, are sequestered...

Studies on a Factor Enhancing Colicin E3 Activity In Vitro

Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Imahori, Kazutomo

The mechanism of action of colicin E3 (E3) was investigated in an in vitro system. Purified ribosomes are less susceptible to E3 than crude or washed ribosomes. A factor was found in the supernatant...

Processing of ATG8s, Ubiquitin-Like Proteins, and Their Deconjugation by ATG4s Are Essential for Plant Autophagy

Yoshimoto, Kohki, Hanaoka, Hideki, Sato, Shusei, Kato, Tomohiko, Tabata, Satoshi, Noda, Takeshi, ...

Autophagy is an intracellular process for vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic components. Thus far, plant autophagy has been studied primarily using morphological analyses. A recent genome-wide...

A Sorting Nexin PpAtg24 Regulates Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics during Pexophagy via Binding to Phosphatidylinositol-3-PhosphateD⃞

Ano, Yoshitaka, Hattori, Takeshi, Oku, Masahide, Mukaiyama, Hiroyuki, Baba, Misuzu, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

Diverse cellular processes such as autophagic protein degradation require phosphoinositide signaling in eukaryotic cells. In the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, peroxisomes can be selectively...

Beclin–phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex functions at the trans-Golgi network

Kihara, Akio, Kabeya, Yukiko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Yoshimori, Tamotsu

Autophagy is an intracellular bulk protein degradation system. Beclin is known to be involved in this process; however, its role is unclear. In this study, we showed that Beclin was...

Atg17 Functions in Cooperation with Atg1 and Atg13 in Yeast Autophagy

Kabeya, Yukiko, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Baba, Misuzu, Takikawa, Hirosato, Sasaki, Mitsuru, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

In eukaryotic cells, nutrient starvation induces the bulk degradation of cellular materials; this process is called autophagy. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, most of the ATG (autophagy) genes...

Tor2 Directly Phosphorylates the AGC Kinase Ypk2 To Regulate Actin Polarization†

Kamada, Yoshiaki, Fujioka, Yuko, Suzuki, Nobuo N., Inagaki, Fuyuhiko, Wullschleger, Stephan, Loewith, Robbie, ...

The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinases, Tor1 and Tor2, form two distinct complexes (TOR complex 1 and 2) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. TOR complex 2 (TORC2) contains Tor2 but not Tor1...

Assortment of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complexes—Atg14p Directs Association of Complex I to the Pre-autophagosomal Structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Obara, Keisuke, Sekito, Takayuki, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two similar phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes (complexes I and II) function in distinct biological processes, complex I in autophagy and complex II in the...

The Mouse SKD1, a Homologue of Yeast Vps4p, Is Required for Normal Endosomal Trafficking and Morphology in Mammalian Cells

Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yamagata, Fumi, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Mizushima, Noboru, Kabeya, Yukiko, Nara, Atsuki, ...

The mouse SKD1 is an AAA-type ATPase homologous to the yeast Vps4p implicated in transport from endosomes to the vacuole. To elucidate a possible role of SKD1 in mammalian endocytosis, we generated a...

Apg5p Functions in the Sequestration Step in the Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Targeting and Macroautophagy Pathways

George, Michael D., Baba, Misuzu, Scott, Sidney V., Mizushima, Noboru, Garrison, Brian S., Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

The cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway and macroautophagy are dynamic events involving the rearrangement of membrane to form a sequestering vesicle in the cytosol, which subsequently...

Apg7p/Cvt2p: A Novel Protein-activating Enzyme Essential for Autophagy

Tanida, Isei, Mizushima, Noboru, Kiyooka, Miho, Ohsumi, Mariko, Ueno, Takashi, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Apg12p–Apg5p conjugating system is essential for autophagy. Apg7p is required for the conjugation reaction, because Apg12p is unable to form a conjugate...

Autophagosome Requires Specific Early Sec Proteins for Its Formation and NSF/SNARE for Vacuolar Fusion

Ishihara, Naotada, Hamasaki, Maho, Yokota, Sadaki, Suzuki, Kuninori, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kihara, Akio, ...

Double membrane structure, autophagosome, is formed de novo in the process of autophagy in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and many Apg proteins participate in this process. To further understand...

The pre-autophagosomal structure organized by concerted functions of APG genes is essential for autophagosome formation

Suzuki, Kuninori, Kirisako, Takayoshi, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Mizushima, Noboru, Noda, Takeshi, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, 15 Apg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. Several key reactions performed by these...

Leaf Senescence and Starvation-Induced Chlorosis Are Accelerated by the Disruption of an Arabidopsis Autophagy Gene1

Hanaoka, Hideki, Noda, Takeshi, Shirano, Yumiko, Kato, Tomohiko, Hayashi, Hiroaki, Shibata, Daisuke, ...

Autophagy is an intracellular process for vacuolar bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components. The molecular machinery responsible for yeast and mammalian autophagy has recently begun to be...

Inhibitory Effect of Diphtheria Toxin on Amino Acid Incorporation in Escherichia coli Cell-Free System

Tsugawa, Akiko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

The mechanism of action of diphtheria toxin in an Escherichia coli cell-free protein-synthesizing system was examined. When the washed ribosomes were incubated with toxin before addition of messenger...

Promotion of tumorigenesis by heterozygous disruption of the beclin 1 autophagy gene

Qu, Xueping, Yu, Jie, Bhagat, Govind, Furuya, Norihiko, Hibshoosh, Hanina, Troxel, Andrea, ...

Malignant cells often display defects in autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved pathway for degrading long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles. However, as yet, there is no genetic evidence for...

LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing

Kabeya, Yukiko, Mizushima, Noboru, Ueno, Takashi, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Kirisako, Takayoshi, Noda, Takeshi, ...

Little is known about the protein constituents of autophagosome membranes in mammalian cells. Here we demonstrate that the rat microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), a homologue of...

Modification of a Ubiquitin-like Protein Paz2 Conducted Micropexophagy through Formation of a Novel Membrane Structure

Mukaiyama, Hiroyuki, Baba, Misuzu, Osumi, Masako, Aoyagi, Satoshi, Kato, Nobuo, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

Microautophagy is a versatile process in which vacuolar or lysosomal membranes directly sequester cytosolic targets for degradation. Recent genetic evidence suggested that microautophagy uses...

In Vivo Analysis of Autophagy in Response to Nutrient Starvation Using Transgenic Mice Expressing a Fluorescent Autophagosome Marker

Mizushima, Noboru, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Matsui, Makoto, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Macroautophagy mediates the bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components. It accounts for the degradation of most long-lived proteins: cytoplasmic constituents, including organelles, are sequestered...

Studies on a Factor Enhancing Colicin E3 Activity In Vitro

Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Imahori, Kazutomo

The mechanism of action of colicin E3 (E3) was investigated in an in vitro system. Purified ribosomes are less susceptible to E3 than crude or washed ribosomes. A factor was found in the supernatant...

Processing of ATG8s, Ubiquitin-Like Proteins, and Their Deconjugation by ATG4s Are Essential for Plant Autophagy

Yoshimoto, Kohki, Hanaoka, Hideki, Sato, Shusei, Kato, Tomohiko, Tabata, Satoshi, Noda, Takeshi, ...

Autophagy is an intracellular process for vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic components. Thus far, plant autophagy has been studied primarily using morphological analyses. A recent genome-wide...

A Sorting Nexin PpAtg24 Regulates Vacuolar Membrane Dynamics during Pexophagy via Binding to Phosphatidylinositol-3-PhosphateD⃞

Ano, Yoshitaka, Hattori, Takeshi, Oku, Masahide, Mukaiyama, Hiroyuki, Baba, Misuzu, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

Diverse cellular processes such as autophagic protein degradation require phosphoinositide signaling in eukaryotic cells. In the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, peroxisomes can be selectively...

Beclin–phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex functions at the trans-Golgi network

Kihara, Akio, Kabeya, Yukiko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Yoshimori, Tamotsu

Autophagy is an intracellular bulk protein degradation system. Beclin is known to be involved in this process; however, its role is unclear. In this study, we showed that Beclin was...

Atg17 Functions in Cooperation with Atg1 and Atg13 in Yeast Autophagy

Kabeya, Yukiko, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Baba, Misuzu, Takikawa, Hirosato, Sasaki, Mitsuru, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

In eukaryotic cells, nutrient starvation induces the bulk degradation of cellular materials; this process is called autophagy. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, most of the ATG (autophagy) genes...

Tor2 Directly Phosphorylates the AGC Kinase Ypk2 To Regulate Actin Polarization†

Kamada, Yoshiaki, Fujioka, Yuko, Suzuki, Nobuo N., Inagaki, Fuyuhiko, Wullschleger, Stephan, Loewith, Robbie, ...

The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinases, Tor1 and Tor2, form two distinct complexes (TOR complex 1 and 2) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. TOR complex 2 (TORC2) contains Tor2 but not Tor1...

Assortment of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complexes—Atg14p Directs Association of Complex I to the Pre-autophagosomal Structure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Obara, Keisuke, Sekito, Takayuki, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two similar phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes (complexes I and II) function in distinct biological processes, complex I in autophagy and complex II in the...

Two newly identified sites in the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 are essential for autophagy

Amar, Nira, Lustig, Gila, Ichimura, Yoshinobu, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Elazar, Zvulun

Atg8, a member of a novel ubiquitin-like protein family, is an essential component of the autophagic machinery in yeast. This protein undergoes reversible conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine...

An Arabidopsis Homolog of Yeast ATG6/VPS30 Is Essential for Pollen Germination1[W]

Fujiki, Yuki, Yoshimoto, Kohki, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Atg6/Vps30 is required for autophagy and the sorting of vacuolar hydrolases, such as carboxypeptidase Y. In higher eukaryotes, however, roles for ATG6/VPS30 homologs...

Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice

Komatsu, Masaaki, Waguri, Satoshi, Ueno, Takashi, Iwata, Junichi, Murata, Shigeo, Tanida, Isei, ...

Autophagy is a membrane-trafficking mechanism that delivers cytoplasmic constituents into the lysosome/vacuole for bulk protein degradation. This mechanism is involved in the preservation of...

PI3K signaling of autophagy is required for starvation tolerance and virulenceof Cryptococcus neoformans

Hu, Guowu, Hacham, Moshe, Waterman, Scott R., Panepinto, John, Shin, Soowan, Liu, Xiaoguang, ...

Autophagy is a process by which cells recycle cytoplasm and defective organelles during stress situations such as nutrient starvation. It can also be used by host cells as an immune defense mechanism...

Two Distinct Pathways for Targeting Proteins from the Cytoplasm to the Vacuole/Lysosome

Baba, Misuzu, Osumi, Masako, Scott, Sidney V., Klionsky, Daniel J., Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Stress conditions lead to a variety of physiological responses at the cellular level. Autophagy is an essential process used by animal, plant, and fungal cells that allows for both recycling of...

Aminopeptidase I Is Targeted to the Vacuole by a Nonclassical Vesicular Mechanism

Scott, Sidney V., Baba, Misuzu, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Klionsky, Daniel J.

The yeast vacuolar protein aminopeptidase I (API) is synthesized as a cytosolic precursor that is transported to the vacuole by a nonclassical targeting mechanism. Recent genetic studies indicate...

Tor-Mediated Induction of Autophagy via an Apg1 Protein Kinase Complex

Kamada, Yoshiaki, Funakoshi, Tomoko, Shintani, Takahiro, Nagano, Kazuya, Ohsumi, Mariko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Autophagy is a membrane trafficking to vacuole/lysosome induced by nutrient starvation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tor protein, a phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase, is involved in the...

Cvt9/Gsa9 Functions in Sequestering Selective Cytosolic Cargo Destined for the Vacuole

Kim, John, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Stromhaug, Per E., Guan, Ju, Hefner-Gravink, Ann, Baba, Misuzu, ...

Three overlapping pathways mediate the transport of cytoplasmic material to the vacuole in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway transports the vacuolar...

Formation Process of Autophagosome Is Traced with Apg8/Aut7p in Yeast

Kirisako, Takayoshi, Baba, Misuzu, Ishihara, Naotada, Miyazawa, Kouichi, Ohsumi, Mariko, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, ...

We characterized Apg8/Aut7p essential for autophagy in yeast. Apg8p was transcriptionally upregulated in response to starvation and mostly existed as a protein bound to membrane under both growing...

Apg9p/Cvt7p Is an Integral Membrane Protein Required for Transport Vesicle Formation in the Cvt and Autophagy Pathways

Noda, Takeshi, Kim, John, Huang, Wei-Pang, Baba, Misuzu, Tokunaga, Chikara, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, ...

In nutrient-rich, vegetative conditions, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transports a resident protease, aminopeptidase I (API), to the vacuole by the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway,...

Geranylgeranylated Snares Are Dominant Inhibitors of Membrane Fusion

Grote, Eric, Baba, Misuzu, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Novick, Peter J.

Exocytosis in yeast requires the assembly of the secretory vesicle soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (v-SNARE) Sncp and the plasma membrane t-SNAREs Ssop and...

The Reversible Modification Regulates the Membrane-Binding State of Apg8/Aut7 Essential for Autophagy and the Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Pathway

Kirisako, Takayoshi, Ichimura, Yoshinobu, Okada, Hisashi, Kabeya, Yukiko, Mizushima, Noboru, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, ...

Autophagy and the Cvt pathway are examples of nonclassical vesicular transport from the cytoplasm to the vacuole via double-membrane vesicles. Apg8/Aut7, which plays an important role in the...

Dissection of Autophagosome Formation Using Apg5-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Mizushima, Noboru, Yamamoto, Akitsugu, Hatano, Masahiko, Kobayashi, Yoshinori, Kabeya, Yukiko, Suzuki, Kuninori, ...

In macroautophagy, cytoplasmic components are delivered to lysosomes for degradation via autophagosomes that are formed by closure of cup-shaped isolation membranes. However, how the isolation...

Two Distinct Vps34 Phosphatidylinositol 3–Kinase Complexes Function in Autophagy and Carboxypeptidase Y Sorting inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Kihara, Akio, Noda, Takeshi, Ishihara, Naotada, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Vps30p/Apg6p is required for both autophagy and sorting of carboxypeptidase Y (CPY). Although Vps30p is known to interact with Apg14p, its precise role remains unclear. We found that two proteins...

The Yeast Tor Signaling Pathway Is Involved in G2/M Transition via Polo-Kinase

Nakashima, Akio, Maruki, Yoshiko, Imamura, Yuko, Kondo, Chika, Kawamata, Tomoko, Kawanishi, Ippei, ...

The target of rapamycin (Tor) protein plays central roles in cell growth. Rapamycin inhibits cell growth and promotes cell cycle arrest at G1 (G0). However, little is known about whether Tor is...

Organization of the Pre-autophagosomal Structure Responsible for Autophagosome Formation

Kawamata, Tomoko, Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kabeya, Yukiko, Sekito, Takayuki, Ohsumi, Yoshinori

Autophagy induced by nutrient depletion is involved in survival during starvation conditions. In addition to starvation-induced autophagy, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae also has a constitutive...

Crystallization of the Atg12–Atg5 conjugate bound to Atg16 by the free-interface diffusion method

Noda, Nobuo N., Fujioka, Yuko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Inagaki, Fuyuhiko

The Atg12–Atg5 conjugate was prepared by in vivo reconstitution and was crystallized with Atg16 using the free-interface diffusion method.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Atg3

Yamada, Yuya, Suzuki, Nobuo N., Fujioka, Yuko, Ichimura, Yoshinobu, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Inagaki, Fuyuhiko

S. cerevisiae Atg3, an E2-like enzyme that mediates the lipidation of Atg8, was crystallized and diffracted to 2.5 Å resolution.

Expression, purification and crystallization of the Atg5–Atg16 complex essential for autophagy

Matsushita, Minako, Suzuki, Nobuo N., Fujioka, Yuko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Inagaki, Fuyuhiko

S. cerevisiae Atg5 in complex with the N-terminal regions of Atg16 was expressed, purified and crystallized in four crystal forms.

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of human Atg4B–LC3 complex

Satoo, Kenji, Suzuki, Nobuo N., Fujioka, Yuko, Mizushima, Noboru, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Inagaki, Fuyuhiko

Human Atg4B and LC3 were expressed, purified and crystallized as a complex. Diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 1.9 Å.

Crystallization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae aminopeptidase 1, the major cargo protein of the Cvt pathway

Adachi, Wakana, Suzuki, Nobuo N., Fujioka, Yuko, Suzuki, Kuninori, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Inagaki, Fuyuhiko

Aminopeptidase 1, a cargo protein in the cytosol-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway, was expressed, purified and crystallized in two crystal forms.

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Atg10

Yamaguti, Masaya, Suzuki, Nobuo N., Fujioka, Yuko, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Inagaki, Fuyuhiko

S. cerevisiae Atg10, an E2-like enzyme that mediates the conjugation reaction between Atg12 and Atg5, was crystallized and diffracted to 2.3 Å resolution.

Mobilization of Rubisco and Stroma-Localized Fluorescent Proteins of Chloroplasts to the Vacuole by an ATG Gene-Dependent Autophagic Process1[W][OA]

Ishida, Hiroyuki, Yoshimoto, Kohki, Izumi, Masanori, Reisen, Daniel, Yano, Yuichi, Makino, Amane, ...

During senescence and at times of stress, plants can mobilize needed nitrogen from chloroplasts in leaves to other organs. Much of the total leaf nitrogen is allocated to the most abundant plant...

Autophagy Plays a Role in Chloroplast Degradation during Senescence in Individually Darkened Leaves1[W][OA]

Wada, Shinya, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Izumi, Masanori, Yoshimoto, Kohki, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, Mae, Tadahiko, ...

Chloroplasts contain approximately 80% of total leaf nitrogen and represent a major source of recycled nitrogen during leaf senescence. While bulk degradation of the cytosol and organelles in plants...