Computing Productivity: Firm-Level Evidence (2000)
Erik Brynjolfsson, Cambridge Ma, Lorin M. Hitt, Ernst Berndt, Tim Bresnahan, ...
In this paper we explore the relationship between computers and productivity growth at the firm level. We apply standard productivity and growth accounting techniques to data from 600 large US firms...
Is Price Inflation Different for the Elderly? An Empirical Analysis of Prescription Drugs (1998)
Berndt, Ernst R., Cockburn, Iain M., Cocks, Douglas L., Epstein, Arnold M., Griliches, Zvi
Recently controversy has surrounded the issue of whether Social Security payments to the elderly should continue to be adjusted automatically according to changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI)....
Is Price Inflation Different for the Elderly? An Empirical Analysis of Prescription Drugs (1998)
Berndt, Ernst R., Cockburn, Iain M., Cocks, Douglas L., Epstein, Arnold M., Griliches, Zvi
Recently controversy has surrounded the issue of whether Social Security payments to the elderly should continue to be adjusted automatically according to changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI)....
Is Price Inflation Different for the Elderly? An Empirical Analysis of Prescription Drugs (1998)
Berndt, Ernst R., Cockburn, Iain M., Cocks, Douglas L., Epstein, Arnold M., Griliches, Zvi
Recently controversy has surrounded the issue of whether Social Security payments to the elderly should continue to be adjusted automatically according to changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI)....
Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth
This article outlines the production function approach to the estimation of the returns to R&D and then proceeds to discuss in turn two very difficult problems: the measurement of output in R&D...
Cost Allocation in Railroad Regulation
This paper reviews a number of cost studies conducted by the Cost Finding Section of the ICC purporting to show that the elasticity of total railroad costs with respect to output (percent variable)...
Measuring science: An exploration
This paper examines the available United States data on academic research and development (R&D) expenditures and the number of papers published and the number of citations to these papers as possible...
Medical care prices and output
Berndt, Ernst R., Cutler, David M., Frank, Richard G., Griliches, Zvi, Newhouse, Joseph P., Triplett, Jack E., ...
We review in considerable detail the conceptual and measurement issues that underlie construction of medical care price indexes in the US, focusing in particular on the medical care consumer price...
Measuring science: An exploration
This paper examines the available United States data on academic research and development (R&D) expenditures and the number of papers published and the number of citations to these papers as possible...
R&D and the Productivity Slowdown
The question I shall address in this pa-per is: Can the slowdown in productivity growth be explained, wholly or in part, by the recent slowdown in the growth of real R&D expenditures? But first we...
Patents and R and D at the Firm Level: A First Look
This is a first report from a larger study of inventive activity of U.S. firms and some of its consequences. It reports on the relationship between patents applied for and R&D expenditures based on...
Productivity and R and D at the Firm Level
Zvi Griliches, Jacques Mairesse
This paper analyzes the relationship between output, employment, and physical and R&D capital, for a sample of 133 large U.S. firms covering the years 1966 through 1977. In the cross sectional...
R and D and Productivity at the Industry Level: Is There Still a Relationship?
Zvi Griliches, Frank R. Lichtenberg
This paper is a re-examination of the relationship between research and development (R&D) activity and total factor productivity (TFP) at the industry level during the period extending from the early...
Comparing Productivity Growth: An Exploration of French and U.S. Industrial and Firm Data
Zvi Griliches, Jacques Mairesse
This paper compares and analyzes the growth of productivity in the manufacturing industries and firms in France and the U.S. based on newly assembled comparable data sets in both countries. Three...
Brothers and Sisters in the Family and the Labor Market
John Bound, Zvi Griliches, Bronwyn H. Hall
This paper investigates the relationship between earnings, schooling, and ability for young men and women who entered the labor force during the late 60s and 70s. The emphasis is on controlling for...
Patents and R&D: Is There A Lag?
Bronwyn H. Hall, Zvi Griliches, Jerry A. Hausman
This paper extends earlier work on the RID to patents relationship (Pakes-Griliches 1980, and Hausman, Hall, and Griliches,1984) to a larger but shorter panel of firms. The focus of the paper is on...
The Value of Patents as Indicators of Inventive Activity
Zvi Griliches, Ariel Pakes, Bronwyn H. Hall
This paper summarizes a number of studies which use patent data to examine different aspects of technological change. It describes our firm level data set construction effort; reports on the...
Errors of Measurement in Output Deflators
Frank R. Lichtenberg, Zvi Griliches
In this paper we investigate the incidence of measurement errors in two independent estimates of long-term price change, within the framework of "multiple indicators" models of price measurement. We...
Do Subsidies to Commercial R&D Reduce Market Failures? Microeconomic Evaluation Studies
Tor Jakob Klette, Jarle Møen, Zvi Griliches
A number of market failures have been associated with R&D investments and significant amounts of public money have been spent on programs to stimulate innovative activities. In this paper, we review...
Industry Effects and Appropriability Measures in the Stock Markets Valuation of R&D and Patents
This paper examines the stock market's valuation of a firm's innovative activity. We estimate the market's relative valuation of firms' tangible and intangible assets, focusing on knowledge capital...
Hedonic Price Indexes and the Measurement of Capital and Productivity: Some Historical Reflections
The paper describes the background for my original "hedonics" paper (Griliches 1961) and discusses some of the issues raised by the subsequent literature on this range of topics. It goes on to...
Heterogeneity in Panel Data: Are There Stable Production Functions?
Jacques Mairesse, Zvi Griliches
We estimate separate productions functions for approximately 450 manufacturing firms each in France and the United States and for 850 manufacturing firms in Japan, covering the 13 year period...
Zvi Griliches, Bronwyn H. Hall, Ariel Pakes
It is known that innovations in the market value of manufacturing firms and their RhD expenditures are related (Pakes (1985) and Mairesse and Siu (1984)). This could be due to shifts in the demand...
Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey
This survey reviews the growing use of patent data in economic analysis. After describing some of the main characteristics of patents and patent data, it focuses on the use of patents as an indicator...
Patents: Recent Trends and Puzzles
This paper reviews the historical data on patenting in the United States with special reference to the last 20 years and their potential relation, if any, to the recent productivity slowdown. Two...
Auditing the Producer Price Index: Micro Evidence From Prescription Pharmaceutical Preparations
Ernst R. Berndt, Zvi Griliches, Joshua G. Rosett
In this paper we focus on a mystery we uncovered while undertaking a detailed audit of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics producer price index (PPl). We summarize our puzzle as follows. From January...
The Inconsistency of Common Scale Estimators When Output Prices Are Unobserved and Engogenous
Tor Jakob Klette, Zvi Griliches
This paper explores the inconsistency of common scale estimators when output is proxied by deflated sales, based on a common output deflator across firms. The problems arise when firms operate in an...
Generics and New Goods in Pharmaceutical Price Indexes.
Griliches, Zvi, Cockburn, Iain
When the patent on a drug expires, there are substantial welfare gains to those consumers who, like the Food and Drug Administration, regard branded and generic versions as perfect substitutes....
Productivity, R&D, and the Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970's.
A new data set for approximately 1,000 largest manufacturing firms inthe United States during 1957-77 is analyzed using a standard production function framework augmented by the addition of R&D...
The Discovery of the Residual: A Historical Note
This note reviews the history of the "residual," from its earliest articulation in Copeland (1937) to its codification in Solow (1957), describing the various earlier contributions by Tinbergen,...
Empirical Patterns of Firm Growth and R&D Investment: A Quality Ladder Model Interpretation.
Klette, Tor Jakob, Griliches, Zvi
We present a partial equilibrium model of endogenous firm growth with R&D investment and stochastic innovation as the engines of growth, drawing on the quality ladder models in the macro growth...
Empirical patterns of firm growth and R&D investment: a quality ladder model interpretation
Zvi Griliches, Tor Jakob Klette
We present a model of endogenous …rm growth with R&D investment and stochastic innovation as the engines of growth. The model for …rm growth is a partial equilibrium model drawing on the quality...
The Search for R&D Spillovers.
R&D spillovers are, potentially, a major source of endogenous growth in various recent "new growth theory" models. This paper reviews the basic model of R&D spillovers and then focuses on the...
Auditing the Producer Price Index: Micro Evidence from Prescription Pharamceutical Preparations.
Berndt, Ernst R, Griliches, Zvi, Rosett, Joshua G
From January 1984 through December 1989, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) price index for prescription pharmaceuticals grew at 9.09 percent per year. Using BLS-type Laspeyres index procedures...
The Commission Report on the Consumer Price Index (panel discussion)
Consumer price indexes ; Prices
Characteristics of Demand for Pharmaceutical Products: An Examination of Four Cephalosporins
Sara Ellison Fisher, Iain Cockburn, Zvi Griliches, Jerry Hausman
We model demand for four cephalosporins and compute own- and cross-price elasticities between branded and generic versions of the four drugs. We model demand as a multistage budgeting problem, and we...
Berman, Eli, Bound, John, Griliches, Zvi
This paper investigates the shift in demand away from unskilled and toward skilled labor in U.S. manufacturing over the 1980s. Production labor-saving technological change is the chief explanation...
Aggregate Price Indices, New Goods, and Generics.
Fisher, Franklin M, Griliches, Zvi
This paper examines the appropriate treatment in the cost-of-living index of the appearance of new varieties of old goods. Existing theory here applies to individual households. Thus, the authors...
© 2000 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technolog
Is Price Inflation Different for the Elderly? An Empirical Analysis of Prescription Drugs
Ernst Berndt, Iain Cockburn, Douglas Cocks, Arnold Epstein, Zvi Griliches
Recently controversy has surrounded the issue of whether Social Security payments to the elderly should continue to be adjusted automatically according to changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI)....
R&D and productivity: the unfinished business
Recent work on the relationship of productivity growth to expenditures on R&D is discussed with special reference to "unfinished business": unsolved conceptual and econometric problems. The standard...
John Bound, Clint Cummins, Zvi Griliches, Bronwyn H. Hall, Adam B. Jaffe
This paper describes the construction of a large panel data set covering about 2600 firms in the U.S. manufacturing sector for up to twenty years which contains annual data on financial variables,...
Productivity Growth and R&D at the Business Level: Results From the PIMS Data Base
This paper presents the results of a study of productivity growth and R&D in the 1970s using data on narrowly defined 'business units within a firm. Estimates are developed under different...
Patents and R&D: Searching for a Lag Structure
Bronwyn H. Hall, Zvi Griliches, Jerry A. Hausman
This paper extends earlier work on the R&D to patents relationship (Pakes-Griliches 1980, and Hausman, Hall, and Griliches, 1984) to a larger but shorter panel of firms. Using both non-linear least...
In this paper, we investigate the problem of estimating distributed lags in short panels. Estimates of the parameter of distributed lag relationships based on single time-series of observations have...
Productivity, R&d, and Basic Research at the Firm Level in the 1970s
A new data set (the NSF-Census match) containing information on the R&D expenditures, sales, employment, and other detail for approximately 1,000 largest manufacturing firms in the U.S. during...
Price Indexes for Microcomputers: An Exploratory Study
Ernst R. Berndt, Zvi Griliches
In this paper we focus on alternative procedures for calculating and interpreting quality-adjusted price indexes for microcomputers, based on a variety of estimated hedonic price equations. Our data...
Ernst R. Berndt, Zvi Griliches, Joshua G. Rosett
This paper reports preliminary results of a detailed audit of one component of the Producer Price Index (PPI), using data from a large muiltproduct company. We compare price indexes constructed in a...
Purchased Services, Outsourcing, Computers, and Productivity in Manufacturing
Increases in purchased services, foreign outsourcing, and investments in computers are alleged to have resulted in an understatement of input growth in manufacturing, and thus. overstatement of...
R&D and Productivity Growth: Comparing Japanese and U.S. Manufacturing Firms
Zvi Griliches, Jacques Mairesse
We compute rates of growth in labor productivity during the 1973-80 period for samples of individual manufacturing firms, in both Japan and the U.S., and relate them to differences in the rates of...
Productivity, Market Power and Capacity Utilization When Spot Markets are Complete
Our test of price-taking behavior looks at the choice of capacity rather than the choice of output. It is motivated by a complete spot markets model in which goods are distinguished by the selling...
R&D spillovers are, potentially, a major source of endogenous growth in various recent "New Growth Theory" models. This paper reviews the basic model of R&D spillovers and then focuses on the...
Eli Berman, John Bound, Zvi Griliches
This paper investigates the shift in demand towards skilled labor in U.S. manufacturing. Between 1979 and 1989. employment of production workers in manufacturing dropped by 2.2 mil1ion or 15 percent...
Generics and New Goods in Pharmaceutical Price Indexes
We examine the issue of new goods and price indexes for the important and tractable case of generic and branded drugs. By treating generics as entirely distinct goods and "linking them in" to indexes...
Production Functions: The Search for Identification
Zvi Griliches, Jacques Mairesse
Some aspects of the econometric estimation of production functions are discussed, focussing primarily on the issue of simultaneity and reviewing the stream of criticisms of Douglas' work and the...
Productivity and Firm Turnover in Israeli Industry: 1979-1988
An analysis of a large panel data set on Israeli industrial firms finds that most of the growth in aggregate productivity comes from productivity changes within firms rather than from entry, exit, or...
Econometric Estimates of Prices Indexes for Personal Computers in the 1990s
Ernst R. Berndt, Zvi Griliches, Neal Rappaport
In this paper we construct a number of quality-adjusted price indexes for personal computers in the U.S. marketplace over the 1989- 92 time period. We generalize earlier work by incorporating...
The Discovery of the Residual: An Historical Note
This note reviews the history of the 'residual,' from its earliest articulation in Copeland (1937) to its codification in Solow (1957), describing the various earlier contributions by Tinbergen,...
Education, Human Capital, and Growth: A Personal Perspective
This paper reviews the literature on the relationship of economic growth to the education levels of the labor force. The emphasis is on Ben-Porath's contribution to some of the issues in this field:...
Research Productivity in a System of Universities
The focus of this paper is the research performance of a system of universi- ties and sciences. Using data from the US during the 1980s we study the relationship between research output and R&D in 8...
Empirical Patterns of Firm Growth and R&D Investment: A Quality Ladder Model Interpretation
Tor Jakob Klette, Zvi Griliches
We present a model of endogenous firm growth with R&D investment and innovation as the engine of growth. The objective of our analysis is to present a framework that can be used for microeconometric...